I. Steel Formwork ƒe ŋgɔdonya
Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtuɖaŋu nye nu vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, eye wònyea ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe aŋenu si me wokɔa kɔkrit ɖe eme hewɔa nu le. Abe alesi eƒe ŋkɔa ɖee fia ene la, gakpo koŋue wotsɔ wɔa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme, si naa viɖe tɔxɛwo le ŋusẽ, enɔa anyi didi, kple alesi woate ŋu azãe ake gome. Xɔtuɖaŋu sia ƒomevi va xɔ ŋkɔ geɖe wu le xɔtudɔwɔƒewo le esi wòte ŋu trɔa asi le eŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie le kɔnkrit xɔtunu vovovowo wɔwɔ me ta.
Le nyateƒe me la, gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe nye gakpo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ ƒe ɖoɖo si woƒo ƒu ɖe teƒea be woawɔ nɔnɔme si wodi na kɔnkrit xɔtunuwo. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo siwo ƒe lolome le titina va ɖo gãwo wɔa akpa siawo, eye wotsɔa gakpo siwo woyɔna hã be alakpanuwɔwɔ ƒoa ƒu hetsɔa wo ƒoa ƒui. Nusi dona tso eme la nyea ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe aŋe si naa nɔnɔme kɔkrit la ne ele dɔ dam.
Womate ŋu agblɔ gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe vevienyenye wòagbɔ eme o. Ewɔa akpa vevi aɖe le egbɔkpɔkpɔ be kɔkrit xɔtudɔwo de pɛpɛpɛ, woƒe nyonyome, eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie me. Tso xɔ siwo me amewo nɔna dzi va ɖo dɔwɔƒe gãwo dzi la, wozãa gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo le dɔ vovovowo me, si kpena ɖe egbegbe xɔtumɔnuwo ƒe duƒuƒu kple wo wɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ ŋu ŋutɔ.
Viɖe vevi siwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Alesi wònɔa anyi didina eye wòsẽna: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit xɔdzo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu nu evɔ magblẽ o, si wɔnɛ be wokpɔa egbɔ be nusiwo do tso eme la de pɛpɛpɛ eye wowɔa nu ɖekae.
Gbugbɔgazã nyuie: To vovo na atiwo ƒe xɔtunu la, woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe xɔtunu zi gbɔ zi geɖe, si wɔnɛ be ga megazãa ga geɖe na dɔ gãwo alo xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo le dɔ wɔm ɖaa o.
Nuwuwu si le gbadzaa: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe naa kɔkrit si le gbadzaa, si wɔnɛ be mehiã be woawɔ dɔ bubuwo atsɔ awu enu o.
Woaƒo wo nu ƒu kabakaba ahaɖe wo ɖa: Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔtunuawo le abe modulo ene la wɔnɛ be woate ŋu aɖoe kabakaba ahaɖee ɖa, si wɔnɛ be ɣeyiɣi dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna le xɔtuƒewo.
Nusiwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋuwo ɖekae kple xɔtuɖaŋu bubuwo, si ana woate ŋu atrɔ asi le xɔtumɔnuwo ŋu.
Esi míele ŋku lém ɖe gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe xexeame ŋu yi ŋgɔe la, míadzro eƒe nɔnɔmewo, eŋudɔwɔwɔ, viɖe siwo le eŋu, kple nusiwo ŋu míabu me tsitotsito, si ana míase afisi wozãa gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu le kple alesi wozãnɛ le egbegbe xɔtudɔwo me gɔme nyuie.
II. Steel Formwork ƒe Nɔnɔmewo
Gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛ siwo na wòsɔ na xɔtudɔ vovovowoe ɖe dzesi le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu. Nɔnɔme siawo gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ na amesiame si kpɔa gome le xɔtudɔwo me le afisiwo wòhiã be woawɔ xɔtunuwo le.
A. Nusiwo Wozã Kple Nusiwo Wowɔ
Ga gbadzɛwo kple xɔtunu nyuiwo koŋue wotsɔ wɔa gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwoe. Zi geɖe la, gakpo si wozãna nyea gakpo si me carbon le si le titina alo gakpo si me wodea nu sue aɖe ko, si wotia le eƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ ta. Zi geɖe la, wowɔa atike na gakpoawo ƒe gowo be gbeɖuɖɔ nagagblẽ o eye woakpɔ egbɔ be wowu kɔkrit la nu nyuie. Gakpowo ƒe akpa vevi aɖewoe nye:
Gakpowo: Esiawoe nyea xɔtunua ƒe akpa vevitɔ eye woƒe lolome le vovovo be woasɔ ɖe dɔa ƒe nuhiahiã vovovowo nu.
Gaxɔwo: Esiawo naa xɔtuɖoɖoa léa xɔtunuawo ɖe te eye wokpena ɖe xɔtunuawo ŋu le xɔtunuawo ƒoƒo ƒu me.
Nusiwo doa ka kple wo nɔewo: Wozãa nulénu, ka, kple gavi ƒomevi vovovowo tsɔ ƒoa ʋuƒoawo kple xɔtunuwo nu ƒu ɖekae.
B. Xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe Nɔnɔmewo
Ŋusẽ kple alesi wònɔa anyi didina: Wonya gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖe eƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ etɔxɛe ta. Ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖedzesi si kɔkrit xɔdzo hena vɛ nu evɔ mabɔbɔ alo agbã o. Ŋusẽ sia nana be kɔkrit-xɔ mamlɛtɔa léa eƒe nɔnɔme kple didime si woɖo be wòanɔ la me ɖe asi. Gawu la, gakpo ƒe xɔtunu mete ŋu vuvu o, si wɔe be esɔ be woazãe enuenu le xɔtuƒe sesẽwo.
Gazazã ake: Viɖe vevi siwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu dometɔ ɖekae nye eƒe ŋutete si lolo be woate ŋu azãe ake. To vovo na atiwo ƒe xɔtunu, si woate ŋu azã zi ʋɛ aɖewo ko hafi wòazu nusi womate ŋu azã o la, woate ŋu azã gakpowo zi gbɔ zi alafa alo akpe geɖe gɔ̃ hã ne wodzrae ɖo nyuie. Nu sia si woate ŋu azã ake la na be gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nye tiatia si me ga menɔa anyi o na dɔ gãwo alo xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo le dɔ wɔm.
C. Dzidzeme Kple Ðoɖowɔwɔ Siwo Bɔ
Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo ƒe lolome kple ɖoɖo vovovowo li be wòasɔ ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu vovovowo nu. Dimension siwo bɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Frame ƒe lolome: 600x1800mm, 500x1800mm, 400x1800mm, 300x1800mm
Ememe dzogoe ƒe akpawo: 100x100x900mm, 100x100x1200mm, 100x150x900mm, 100x150x1500mm
Gome dzogoe ƒe akpawo: 63x63x900mm, 63x63x1200mm, 63x63x1500mm
Agbɔsɔsɔ siawo siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu la wɔnɛ be woate ŋu aƒo akpa aɖewo nu ƒu bɔbɔe eye woate ŋu atrɔ wo nɔewo. Gake woate ŋu awɔ lolome siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu hã na dɔa ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo.
Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu be woawɔ nɔnɔme kple xɔtunu vovovowo. Woate ŋu aƒoe nu ƒu ɖe tsitrenu na gliwo, le tsia dzi na kpe gbadzɛwo, alo le xɔ siwo woƒo ƒu me hena xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo. Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo le abe modular ene la na be woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ŋutɔ le nɔnɔme kple xɔtunu sesẽwo wɔwɔ me.
Gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme siawo gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ be xɔtudɔwɔlawo nawɔ nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe le eŋudɔwɔwɔ le dɔ vovovowo me ŋu. Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe ŋusẽ, enɔa anyi didina, kple alesi woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu na wònye tiatia si ame geɖe lɔ̃na le egbegbe xɔtutu me, si te ŋu kpɔa xɔtuɖaŋu vovovowo kple xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nudidiwo gbɔ.
III. Steel Formwork ƒe Dɔwɔwɔwo
Wozãa gakpowo le xɔtudɔ vovovowo me, tso xɔ siwo me amewo nɔna dzi va ɖo dɔwɔƒewo kple xɔtuɖaŋu gãwo dzi. Alesi wòte ŋu zãa nu vovovowoe eye wòsẽnae na wòsɔ na kɔkrit xɔtunu vovovowo. Mina míadzro nu vevi siwo wozãna le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu me tsitotsito:
A. Gliwo Tututu
Gliwo tutu nye nu vevi siwo wozãna le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo dometɔ ɖeka, vevietɔ gakpo ƒe gliwo wɔwɔ. Wozãa xɔtunu sia ƒomevi geɖe le:
Xɔ siwo me amewo anɔ: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe sɔ nyuie na gli dzɔdzɔe siwo le gbadzaa wɔwɔ le aƒewo kple xɔdɔmewo me. Enaa wokpɔa egbɔ be wowɔ ɖeka eye wowu enu nyuie, si le vevie ŋutɔ le aƒewo tutu me.
Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe xɔwo: Le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe xɔwo me la, wozãa gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo tsɔ wɔa gli sesẽ siwo nɔa anyi didina siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe agba kpekpewo kple nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu. Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo wɔa dɔ pɛpɛpɛe le vevie ŋutɔ le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe nɔnɔme siwo me wòle be woawɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ dzi le.
Gli siwo tsɔa agba: Ga ƒe xɔtunu nyo ŋutɔ na gli siwo tsɔa agba tutu le ŋutete si le esi be wòanɔ te ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ nu evɔ matrɔ o ta. Esia wɔnɛ be gliawo léa woƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye kple agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete me ɖe asi.
Gli siwo wotso: Le nuto siwo me anyigbaʋuʋu te ŋu dzɔna bɔbɔe me la, wozãa gakpo ƒe xɔtunu tsɔ tua gli siwo wotsɔ lãa lãe. Wotrɔ asi le gli siawo ŋu be woatsɔ atsi agba siwo le axadzi, abe esiwo tso anyigbaʋuʋu alo ya sesẽwo gbɔ ene. Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔtunu sesẽ kple ŋusẽ le eŋu na wòsɔ nyuie na xɔtunu vevi siawo wɔwɔ.
B. Sɔtiwo Xɔtu
Wozãa gakpo ƒe xɔtunu geɖe le sɔtiwo tutu me, le eƒe ŋusẽ kple alesi wòwu enu wòle gbadzaa siaa ta. Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu bɔbɔe be wòawɔ sɔti siwo ƒe nɔnɔme kple lolome le vovovo, tso sɔti bɔbɔe siwo le dzogoe ene me dzi va ɖo esiwo le dzogoe ene me alo esiwo le dzogoe ene me siwo sesẽ wu dzi.
C. Beam Xɔtutu
Le beam xɔtutu gome la, gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu naa viɖe si nye be woawɔ nugbɔ siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ, siwo le dzɔdzɔe, eye woƒe akpa siwo le gbadzaa. Ate ŋu alé kɔkrit xɔdzo ƒe kpekpeme ɖe te evɔ madze anyi o, si ana be atikpowo nalé woƒe nɔnɔme si woɖo be woanɔ eye woƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe blibonyenye me ɖe asi.
D. Gɔmeɖoanyi Dɔwɔwɔ
Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le gɔmeɖoanyi tutu me. Wozãnɛ tsɔ wɔa:
Gɔmeɖoanyi gliwo
Afɔdzideƒewo
Pile ƒe nutrenuwo
Grade beamwo ƒe dzesiwo
Gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ ɖea vi ŋutɔ le gɔmeɖoanyidɔwo me, afisi eƒe nyateƒetoto le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔa ƒe liƒo bliboa.
E. Dɔwɔwɔ Tɔxɛwo
Steel formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le mɔ vovovowo nu keke ta ɖo dɔ tɔxɛ geɖe wɔwɔ me:
Tsidzraɖoƒewo kple tsidzɔƒewo: Alesi gakpo mete ŋu tsia tsi o la na wòsɔ nyuie na xɔ siwo me tsi le tutu. Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe nana be wowu enu nyuie, si le vevie ŋutɔ na tsi ƒe gege ɖe eme.
Tɔdzisasrã ƒe afɔtiwo: Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔtunu sesẽe na wòsɔ na kɔkrit kɔklɔ gã siwo hiã le tɔdzisasrãwo tutu me, vevietɔ na tɔdzisasrãwo kple tɔdzisasrãwo.
Nɔnɔme siwo le goglo alo esiwo mele ɖoɖo nu o: Togbɔ be zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme doa ƒome kple anyigba dzɔdzɔe siwo le gbadzaa hã la, woate ŋu azãe hã atsɔ awɔ nɔnɔme siwo le goglo alo esiwo mele ɖoɖo nu o. Xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛ siwo wotsɔ ƒo xlãe alo ɖoɖo siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le la ɖea mɔ be woatu xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo alo xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo.
Le dɔ siawo katã me la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le glitutu kple nu bubuwo me naa viɖe geɖe:
Enaa eƒe akpa si le gbadzaa la nɔa blɔ, si wɔnɛ be mehiã be woawɔ aŋɔ alo aŋɔsisidɔ bubuwo o.
Alesi gakpo sesẽe la nana be woƒe didime kple woƒe sɔsɔme sɔ pɛpɛpɛ.
Enaa woate ŋu atu xɔa kabakaba wu le esi woƒoa wo nu ƒu kabakaba heɖea wo ɖa ta.
Alesi wogate ŋu zãa gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe la na be ga megazãa ga geɖe na dɔ gãwo alo dɔwɔƒe siwo le xɔtudɔwo wɔm.
Dɔwɔwɔ vovovo siawo gɔmesese kpena ɖe xɔtudɔwɔlawo ŋu wotiaa xɔtuɖaŋu si sɔ na woƒe dɔa ƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo, si wɔnɛ be wokpɔa egbɔ be xɔtudɔa me tsonu siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le nyonyome deŋgɔ.
IV. Viɖe siwo le Steel Formwork ŋu
Viɖe gbogbo aɖewo le gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu ŋu si wɔe be wònye tiatia si amewo lɔ̃na wu le xɔtudɔ geɖe me. Viɖe siawo kpena ɖe eŋu be wozãnɛ le afisiafi le xɔtuɖoɖo kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒomevi vovovowo me. Mina míadzro viɖe vevi siwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu me tsitotsito:
A. Alesi wònɔa anyi eteƒe nadidi kple Ŋusẽ
Xɔtutu sesẽ: Wotsɔa gakpo nyuiwo wɔa gakpo ƒe xɔtunu, si wɔe be wònɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu gã siwo kɔkrit xɔdzo hena vɛ nu.
Tsitretsitsi ɖe vuvu kple vuvu ŋu: To vovo na ati ƒe xɔtunu la, gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo megblẽna kabakaba ne wozãe o. Ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe xɔtuƒea ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu, si me yame ƒe nɔnɔme vovovowo hã le.
Agbɔsɔsɔme ƒe liƒo: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunua léa eƒe nɔnɔme me ɖe asi le agba me, si wɔnɛ be kɔkrit ƒe xɔtunu mamlɛtɔa léa didime kple nɔnɔme siwo woɖo be woatsɔ awɔ dɔe la me ɖe asi.
B. Gbugbɔgazã ƒe Kɔkɔe
Zã geɖe: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo zi alafa alo akpe geɖe gɔ̃ hã ne wodzrae ɖo nyuie. Esia to vovo kura na atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetata, si ɖewohĩ woate ŋu azã hena tsatsam ʋɛ aɖewo ko.
Gazazã nyuie: Togbɔ be ga si woatsɔ ade gakpowo ƒe xɔtunuwo me le gɔmedzedzea me ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu hã la, ŋutete si le esi be woagazãe zi gbɔ zi geɖe la na wòɖea gazazã dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe, vevietɔ na dɔ gãwo alo xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo si dɔwo yia edzi le.
Gbeɖuɖɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ: Gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe ƒe gbugbɔgazã kpena ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ŋu, si wɔ ɖeka kple xɔtuɖaŋu siwo li tegbee.
C. Nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ kple Nuwuwu Blewu
Anyigba si le gbadzaa: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe naa kɔkrit si le gbadzaa, si wɔnɛ be mehiã be woawɔ dɔ bubuwo atsɔ awu enu o alo megahiãna o. Esia ɖea vi ŋutɔ le dɔwɔwɔ siwo me kɔkrit ƒe anyigba adze le.
Nusiwo mewɔa ɖeka o: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔa ƒe nɔnɔme nana be xɔa ƒe nuwuwu wɔa ɖeka le teƒe gãwo, si le vevie ŋutɔ be xɔa ƒe atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo nalé ɖe te.
Dzidzeme siwo sɔ: Gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe sesẽ kpena ɖe ame ŋu be eƒe didime kple eƒe sɔsɔ pɛpɛpɛ nanɔ anyi, si le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔa ƒe blibonyenye kple atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo.
D. Kpekpeɖeŋu Kabakaba Kple Wo Ðeɖe Ðe Go
Modular design: Zi geɖe la, gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nɔa ɖoɖo nu, modular unit siwo woate ŋu aƒo ƒu kabakaba ahaɖe wo ɖa.
Ɣeyiɣi dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ: Alesi wo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo ɖeɖe ɖa le bɔbɔe la ɖea ɣeyiɣi si wozãna tsɔ ɖoa xɔtunuawoe kple wo ɖeɖe ɖa dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ, si wɔnɛ be xɔtutu bliboa zɔna kabakaba.
Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazãwo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ: Alesi wowɔa dɔ nyuie le wo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo ɖeɖeɖa me ate ŋu ana dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã siwo do ƒome kple xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ.
E. Nusiwo sɔ kple Formwork System Bubuwo
Woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋuwo akpe ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu bubuwo abe aluminum alo plastik ƒe xɔtunu ene ŋu, si ana woate ŋu atrɔ asi le xɔtumɔnuwo ŋu.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Woate ŋu atsɔe awɔ ɖeka kple kpeɖeŋutɔ kple akpa vovovowo bɔbɔe be wòawɔ ɖe dɔa ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo dzi.
Trɔ asi le eŋu: Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu be wòawɔ dɔ kple xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo alo xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nudidiwo.
Viɖe siawo na be gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu nye nunɔamesi vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, si wɔnɛ be xɔtudɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu, woƒe nyonyome, kple gazazãwo nyona ɖe edzi. Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nɔa anyi didina, wogate ŋu zãa wo ake, eye wowɔa wo pɛpɛpɛe na wòsɔna ŋutɔ na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ alo le nɔnɔme siwo me wòhiã be woatsɔ gakpowo awɔ dɔ nyuie wu me. Gake abe alesi wòle le xɔtumɔnu ɖesiaɖe gome ene la, ele vevie be nàbu dɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo ŋu ne èle nya me tsom le xɔtuɖoɖo si sɔ wu ŋu.
V. Nusiwo gblẽ le eŋu kple Seɖoƒewo
Togbɔ be viɖe geɖe le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu hã la, ele vevie be nàbu eƒe seɖoƒewo kple nusiwo ate ŋu agblẽ le eŋu ŋu. Esiawo gɔmesese ate ŋu akpe ɖe xɔtudɔwɔlawo ŋu woawɔ nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe le ɣeyiɣi si woazã gakpo ƒe xɔtunu kple afisi woazãe ŋu. Nusiwo gblẽ le eŋu kple seɖoƒe vevitɔwoe nye esi:
A. Kpekpeme Kple Ʋuɖoɖo ƒe Kuxiwo
Nusiwo kpekpe: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunua kpekpe ŋutɔ wu xɔtunu ƒomevi bubuwo abe aluminum alo plastic ene. Esia ate ŋu ana wòasesẽ wu be woakpɔ egbɔ le teƒea, vevietɔ le teƒe siwo mɔnukpɔkpɔ mebɔ o alo afisiwo wozãa asidɔwo koŋ le.
Ʋuɖofewo: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe ƒe kpekpeme ate ŋu ana ʋuɖoɖo ƒe gazazãwo nadzi ɖe edzi. Gakpowo tsɔtsɔ yi xɔtuƒewo kple wo gbɔe bia ami geɖe wu kple ʋu siwo ate ŋu anye ʋu tɔxɛwo, si ate ŋu ana dɔa ƒe gazazãwo katã nadzi ɖe edzi.
Teƒea ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunua ƒe kpekpeme ate ŋu ana teƒea ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nasesẽ, si abia be woawɔ ɖoɖo nyuie ɖe nudzraɖoƒe kple ʋuʋu le xɔtuƒea ŋu. Esia ate ŋu abia be woazã mɔ̃ sesẽwo, si ana ga si wozãna ɖe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu nadzi ɖe edzi.
B. Nɔnɔme Siwo Woate Ŋu Azã le Mɔ Vovovowo me ƒe Seɖoƒe
Kplɔ̃ sesẽwo: Togbɔ be woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo atsɔ awɔ nɔnɔme vovovowo hã la, zi geɖe la, mete ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe wu xɔtunu bubu aɖewo o. Nɔnɔme siwo gɔme sese sesẽ alo esiwo mesɔ kura o wɔwɔ ate ŋu asesẽ eye ate ŋu abia be woawɔ xɔtunu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu, si ate ŋu axɔ asi ŋutɔ.
Anyigba siwo woƒo: Togbɔ be anya wɔ hã la, gakpo siwo wotsɔ ƒo xlãe wɔwɔ sesẽ wu eye zi geɖe la, ebiaa xɔtunu tɔxɛ siwo woƒo alo dɔ bubuwo wɔwɔ hafi woate ŋu akpɔ nɔnɔme si wodi.
Seɖoƒe siwo le alesi woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋui: Le dɔ siwo me aɖaŋuwo trɔna enuenu alo hiãa nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo me la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽ ate ŋu anye seɖoƒe, si ate ŋu ahiã be woawɔ xɔtunu ƒomevi bubuwo alo egbɔkpɔnu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
C. Gazazã Ŋuti Nukpɔsusuwo Gbãtɔ
Ga si wodona do ŋgɔ si lolo wu: Zi geɖe la, ga si wozãna ɖe gakpowo ŋu le gɔmedzedzea me la lolona wu atiwo alo gakpo ƒomevi bubu aɖewo tɔ. Esia ate ŋu anye nu vevi aɖe na xɔtudɔwɔƒe suewo alo dɔ siwo ƒe gazazãwo mede o.
Ga si wozãna ɖe nudzraɖoƒe ŋu: Ne womele gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo zãm o la, ebia be woadzrae ɖo nyuie be gbeɖuɖɔ nagagblẽ o eye wòagagblẽ o. Esia ate ŋu ana woagagblẽ ga bubuwo ɖe nudzraɖoƒewo kple beléle na wo ŋu.
Dɔwɔla tɔxɛwo: Dɔwɔwɔ kple gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ate ŋu abia dɔwɔla bibi siwo nya eƒe ƒoƒo ƒu kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ nyuie, si ate ŋu ana dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã nadzi ɖe edzi.
D. Dzoxɔxɔ si ate ŋu abu
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔ: Ga nye dzoxɔxɔ kplɔla nyui aɖe, si ate ŋu anye nusi gblẽ le yame ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo me. Le vuvɔŋɔli la, gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ate ŋu ana dzoxɔxɔ nabu kabakaba le kɔkrit si wokɔ ɖe eme yeyee me, si ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe alesi wokɔa woe dzi.
Nu bubu siwo hiã be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe dzoxɔxɔ nu: Be woaɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe bu ƒe nyawo dzi akpɔtɔ la, ahiã be woawɔ afɔɖeɖe bubuwo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe dzoxɔxɔ nu ne wole gakpo ƒe xɔtunu zãm le yame ƒe fafa me, si ana ga si woatsɔ awɔ xɔtunua ƒe ɖoɖoa katã kple eƒe sesẽ nadzi ɖe edzi.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe vovototo: Gakpo ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔme gã ate ŋu ana dzoxɔxɔ ƒe vovototo nanɔ kɔkrit la me, si ate ŋu ahe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe nuteɖeamedziwo vɛ alo akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyonyome mamlɛtɔ dzi.
E. Dzadzraɖo ƒe Nudidiwo
Mɔxexe ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ nu: Ele be woalé be na gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo edziedzi be gbeɖuɖɔ nagagblẽ o, vevietɔ ne wozãe le teƒe siwo fa miamiamia alo ƒuta. Esia lɔ dzadzɛnyenye kple ametakpɔnu siwo wotsɔ blaa wo ɖe eme ɖe eme.
Ga si woatsɔ adzrae ɖo: Togbɔ be gakpo ƒe xɔtunua nɔa anyi didina hã la, ate ŋu agblẽ ne woƒoe alo womewɔe nyuie o. Gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo dzadzraɖo ate ŋu asesẽ wu eye wòaxɔ ga geɖe wu ne wotsɔe sɔ kple gakpo ƒomevi bubuwo.
Dzadzɛnyenye ƒe kuxiwo: Kakaɖedzi na be wowu enu nyuie na zazã emegbe bia be woakɔ wo ŋu nyuie le ezazã ɖesiaɖe megbe, si ate ŋu axɔ ɣeyiɣi geɖe eye wòabia dɔ geɖe.
Togbɔ be ele vevie be woabu kuxi siawo kple seɖoƒewo ŋu hã la, womeƒoa viɖe siwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ŋu le dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ me kokoko o. Ele be woatu tiatia be woazã gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖe dɔa ƒe nudidiwo, teƒea ƒe nɔnɔmewo, gazazã ƒe kuxiwo, kple gazazã ƒe nyonyome ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe dodokpɔ nyuie dzi. Le go geɖe me la, alesi gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nɔa anyi didina, alesi woate ŋu azãe ake, kple alesi wòwu enu nyuie la na wònye tiatia si wodi wu togbɔ be seɖoƒe siawo li hã.
VI. Tsɔtsɔ Sɔ Kple Formwork Ƒomevi Bubuwo
Be míase teƒe si gakpo wɔna le xɔtutu me gɔme bliboe la, anyo be nàtsɔe asɔ kple gakpo ƒomevi bubu siwo bɔ. Nusɔsrɔ̃ sia ate gbe ɖe gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛ siwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu dzi eye wòakpe ɖe ame ŋu le ɖoɖo si sɔ wu tiatia me na dɔa ƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo.
A. Ga kple Aluminium Formwork
Kpekpeme:
Ga: Elolo wu, si ate ŋu ana be eŋudɔwɔwɔ kple ʋuɖoɖo nasesẽ wu.
Aluminium: Eƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe ŋutɔ, eƒe asiléle kple etsɔtsɔ le bɔbɔe.
Ŋusẽ:
Ga: Enaa ŋusẽ kple sesẽ si de ŋgɔ wu, si sɔ nyuie na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ.
Aluminium: Esẽ ale gbegbe be woate ŋu azãe akpa gãtɔ gake ate ŋu abɔbɔ le agba sesẽwo te.
Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina:
Ga: Enɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ, ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nɔnɔme sesẽwo kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ enuenu nu.
Aluminium: Enɔa anyi didina gake eƒe ʋuʋudedi te ŋu gblẽna bɔbɔe wu.
Asixᴐxᴐ:
Ga: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me lolo wu gake exɔa ga geɖe wu le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe le esi wònɔa agbe didi ta.
Aluminium: Ðe ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me dzi kpɔtɔ, gake ate ŋu ahiã be woaɖɔlii enuenu.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔme:
Ga: Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔme si lolo wu, si ate ŋu anye nusi gblẽ le yame ƒe fafa me.
Aluminium: Ete ŋu tsɔa tsi hã, gake medea gakpo nu o.
B. Ga kple Ati ƒe Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ
Woate ŋu azãe ake:
Ga: Woate ŋu azãe ake zi alafa alo akpe geɖe ne wodzrae ɖo nyuie.
Atiwo: Seɖoƒe li na wo gbugbɔgazã, zi geɖe la, wozãnɛ zi ʋɛ aɖewo ko hafi woɖɔlia wo.
Nusiwo wowɔna le anyigba dzi:
Ga: Enaa eƒe nuwuwu nɔa blɔ eye wònɔa anyi ɖaa.
Atiwo: Ate ŋu agblẽ nuku ƒe nɔnɔmewo ɖe kɔkrit dzi, si ate ŋu anyo le go aɖewo me.
Trɔ asi le eŋu:
Nusiwo gblẽa nu le nutome ŋu:
Ga: Woate ŋu azãe ake eye wòɖea gbeɖuɖɔ dzi kpɔtɔna le esi woate ŋu azãe ake ta.
Atiwo: Nusiwo woate ŋu awɔ yeyee gake ewɔa akpa aɖe le avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ me eye wòhea gbeɖuɖɔ geɖe vɛ le esi womegazãnɛ ake o ta.
Ga si woatsɔ awɔe le gɔmedzedzea me:
Ga: Gadede asi do ŋgɔ si lolo wu.
Atiwo: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, gake gazazãwo ate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi le esi woɖɔlia wo enuenu ta.
C. Ga kple Plastik Formwork
Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina:
Ga: Enɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ eye mete ŋu vuvu o.
Plastik: Menɔa anyi didina o, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le eŋu ne eƒoe alo yame ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo.
Kpekpeme:
Ga: Elolo wu, ebia agbagbadzedze geɖe wu le eŋudɔwɔwɔ kple etsɔtsɔ yi teƒe bubu.
Plastik: Eƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe, eŋudɔwɔwɔ kple etsɔtsɔ yi teƒe bubuwo le bɔbɔe.
Nusi sɔ pɛpɛpɛ:
Asixᴐxᴐ:
Ga: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me la lolo wu gake le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, exɔa ga geɖe wu.
Plastik: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, gake ate ŋu ahiã be woaɖɔlii enuenu.
Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nutome ŋu:
Ga: Woate ŋu azãe ake eye wònɔa agbe didi.
Plastik: Woate ŋu agbugbɔ awɔ ƒomevi aɖewo, gake ŋusẽ si wòakpɔ ɖe nutome dzi katã ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu.
Eyata togbɔ be gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nyo wu le ŋusẽ, enɔa anyi didi, kple alesi woate ŋu azãe ake me hã la, ɖewohĩ menye ɣesiaɣie wòanye tiatia nyuitɔ kekeake na dɔ ɖesiaɖe o. Nusiwo nye dɔa ƒe lolome, gazazã, nuwuwu si wobia, kple teƒea ƒe nɔnɔmewo katã wɔa akpa aɖe le xɔtunu ƒomevi si sɔ wu la nyanya me. Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunua ɖea vi ŋutɔ na dɔ gãwo, xɔtuɖoɖo siwo hiã be woawɔ nu pɛpɛpɛ ŋutɔ, kple le nɔnɔme siwo me woagazã gakpoa zi gbɔ zi geɖe. Gake le dɔ suewo alo esiwo hiã be woatrɔ asi le nɔnɔme ŋu wu gome la, xɔtunu ƒomevi bubuwo ate ŋu asɔ wu.
VII. Steel Formwork ƒe Nuƒoƒoƒu Kple Ezazã
Gakpowo ƒoƒo ƒu nyuie kple wo zazã nyuie le vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ nu nyuitɔ kekeake le xɔtudɔwo me. Akpa sia agblɔ alesi wowɔa gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖoɖo kple wo zazã tsitotsito, eye woalé fɔ ɖe gli ƒe xɔmenuwo zazã ŋu.
A. Dzadzraɖo Kple Dzadzɛnyenye
Dzodzro: Hafi woaƒoe nu ƒu la, ele be woalé ŋku ɖe gakpoa ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe ŋu nyuie be naneke megblẽ le eŋu, eƒe nɔnɔme trɔ, alo eƒe vuvu fũ o hã.
Dzadzɛnyenye: Ele be woakɔ akpa vovovoawo katã ŋu tso kɔnkrit si susɔ tso esiwo wozã va yi me. Esia wɔnɛ be woƒe akpawo le gbadzaa eye woƒe akpa aɖewo sɔ nyuie.
Nusiwo ɖea asi le eŋu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ: Ele be woatsɔ atike si sɔ si ɖea nu le xɔa me la asisi ɖe xɔmenuwo ŋu be wòanɔ bɔbɔe be woaɖee ɖa le kɔnkrit la ƒe hayahaya vɔ megbe.
B. Alignment kple Levelling Mɔnuwo
Dzesidede gliɖoɖo: Ele be woade dzesi gli alo xɔa ƒe ɖoɖo nyuie le anyigba alo anyigbaxɔdzo si li xoxo dzi.
Plumb bob kple spirit level zazã: Zã dɔwɔnu siawo nàtsɔ akpɔ egbɔ be formwork panels la le tsitrenu kple tsia dzi.
Nusiwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le: Zã nusiwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le alo jackwo nàtsɔ atrɔ asi le alesi wowɔe ŋu nyuie eye nàkpɔ egbɔ be xɔtunua le dzɔdzɔe bliboe eye wòle sɔsɔm.
C. Mɔnu Siwo Wotsɔna Kpɔa Dedie (Clamps, Ties, Bolts) .
Panel ƒe kadodo: Zã clamps alo wedge bolts nàtsɔ aƒo panel siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu nu ƒu. Kpɔ egbɔ be kadodo siawo le sesẽm be kɔkrit nagatso o.
Walers: De xɔtunu siwo le tsia dzi (zi geɖe la, gakpo ƒe mɔwo) be woado ŋusẽ xɔtunua eye woalé wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
Kadodo ƒe ɖoɖowo: Zã kaƒoƒo ƒe atiwo alo ka siwo wotsɔ blaa nu tsɔ léa xɔmenuwo ƒe mo siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu, eye nàtsi tre ɖe kɔnkrit si xɔ dzo ƒe axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu.
Dzogoewo ƒe kadodowo: Lé ŋku ɖe dzogoewo ŋu etɔxɛe, zã dzogoe siwo sɔ eye nàkpɔ egbɔ be wobla wo nyuie.
D. Nusiwo Ŋu Woabu le Akɔta ƒe Dɔwɔna Ŋu
Kɔkrit ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme: Kpɔ alesi kɔkrit kɔ ɖe edzii dzi be nàƒo asa na nyaƒoɖeamenu fũu akpa ɖe xɔmenuwo ŋu. Wɔ ɖe adzɔnuwɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi le tsi si woakɔ ɖe eme ƒe kɔkɔme si sɔ gbɔ wu ŋu.
Ʋuʋudedi: Zã kɔkrit ʋuʋudedimɔ̃wo nyuie be nàkpɔ egbɔ be woƒo ƒu nyuie evɔ màde nuteɖeamedzi si mesɔ o ɖe xɔmenuwo ŋu o.
Kpɔkpɔ: Lé ŋku ɖe xɔmenuwo ŋu ɣesiaɣi ne wole ekɔm ɖe edzi be dzesi aɖeke mele eŋu be eʋuʋu, edo, alo tsi le dodom hã o.
E. Afɔɖeɖe Kple Eɖeɖe ƒe Ðoɖowo
Ɣeyiɣi: Na ɣeyiɣi si sɔ na kɔkrit la be ŋusẽ naɖo eŋu hafi nàɖe xɔtunua ɖa. Ɣeyiɣi sia toa vovo le kɔnkrit ƒe tsakatsaka, yame ƒe nɔnɔme, kple xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nudidiwo nu.
Nusiwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo: Dze eɖeɖe gɔme kple nusiwo metsɔa agba o, zi geɖe la, nàdze egɔme tso atikpowo kple sɔtiwo ƒe axawo dzi hafi aɖe nusiwo wotsɔ léa nu ɖe te la ɖa.
Ðeɖe le eŋu nyuie: Zã dɔwɔnu siwo sɔ nàtsɔ ama xɔtunua kple kɔkrit la ƒe anyime nyuie, eye màgagblẽ nu le kɔnkrit la kple kɔkrit la siaa ŋu o.
Dzadzɛnyenye kple edzadzraɖo: Klɔ agbalẽŋlɔmɔ̃a ŋu enumake ne èɖee ɖa eye nàdzrae ɖo na zazã si kplɔe ɖo alo edzadzraɖo nyuie.
To nuwo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo zazã ƒe ɖoɖo siawo dzi wɔwɔ me la, xɔtuhawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be wozã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo nyuie, vevietɔ le glitutudɔwo me. Menye ɖeko eŋudɔwɔwɔ nyuie nana wowɔa kɔkrit-xɔ siwo le nyonyome nyuitɔ kekeake ko o, ke enaa xɔtunua ƒe agbenɔƒe didi hã, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu azãe ake eye wògaxɔa ga geɖe wu.
VIII. Dzadzraɖo Kple Belélename
Beléle na gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nyuie kple beléle nɛ le vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be enɔa agbe didi, be wòalé eƒe dɔwɔwɔ me ɖe asi, eye wòagate ŋu azãe ake. Akpa sia gblɔ nu vevi siwo woawɔ atsɔ alé gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖe nɔnɔme nyuitɔ me.
A. Dzadzɛnyenye le Zazã vɔ megbe
Dzadzɛnyenye enumake: Klɔ xɔmenuwo ŋu enumake ne èɖee ɖa be kɔkrit nagasesẽ le edzi o.
Nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe tsilele: Zã tsi siwo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ nàtsɔ aɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nugbagbevi sesẽwo ɖa.
Dɔwɔnu siwo wotsɔ ƒoa kɔkrit: Zã aŋe alo ati siwo wotsɔ ƒoa kɔkrit tsɔ ɖea kɔkrit si sesẽ la ɖa, eye nàƒo asa na gadɔwɔnu siwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le xɔmenuwo ƒe akpa si wotsɔa xɔtunuwo wɔe ŋu.
Atike siwo wotsɔna klɔa nu ŋu: Le nusiwo susɔ siwo sesẽ koŋ gome la, zã atike siwo sɔ, eye nàwɔ ɖe atikewɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo dzi.
B. Nudzraɖoƒe ƒe Mɔnu Nyuiwo
Nuto si me ƒuƒuiƒe le: Dzra gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖo ɖe teƒe ƒuƒui be wòagaxɔ dzo eye wòagaxɔ dzo o.
Nuwo ƒoƒo ƒu ɖe wo nɔewo dzi: Tsɔ ʋuƒoawo kple woƒe akpa aɖewo ƒo ƒu ɖe wo nɔewo dzi nyuie, nàzã dometsotsowo be ya nate ŋu aƒo xlã wo eye nàxe mɔ ɖe nusiwo le anyigba dzi ƒe gbegblẽ nu.
Nutsyɔnu takpɔkpɔ: Zã ametakpɔnu ne èle nu dzram ɖo ɖe gota be nàkpɔ ta tso tsidzadza kple ɣe ƒe keklẽ tẽ me.
Nudzraɖoƒewo dzikpɔkpɔ: Wɔ nudzraɖoƒe ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe ŋudɔ be nàlé ŋku ɖe nɔnɔme kple alesi wozãa agbalẽvi ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe ŋu.
C. Nusiwo Wotsɔ Ðea Asi Le Ame Ŋu Zazã
Ezazã edziedzi: De atike siwo ɖea gakpoa ɖa hafi nàzãe ɖesiaɖe be wòanɔ bɔbɔe be woaɖe gakpoa ɖa bɔbɔe eye wòakpɔ gakpoa ta.
Nusiwo sɔ: Zã nusiwo ɖea gakpo siwo wowɔ koŋ na gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo, nàƒo asa na nusiwo ate ŋu awɔ nu ɖe gakpoa ŋu alo agblẽ nu le eŋu.
Etsɔtsɔ de eme gɔ̃ hã: Kpɔ egbɔ be wotsɔ atike si ɖea asi le eŋu si le tsɛ si sɔ la sisi ɖe anyigba siwo katã ava ka kɔnkrit ŋu la dzi.
Nusiwo woɖena ɖa wògbɔa eme: Ðe nusiwo ɖea nu le eme si sɔ gbɔ ɖe eme ɖa be wòagakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe nyonyome dzi o.
D. Kpekpeɖeŋunanuwo Dzadzraɖo Kple Wo Trɔtrɔ
Dzodzro edziedzi: Wɔ ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu nyuie le eŋudɔwɔwɔ ɖesiaɖe megbe be nàde dzesi akpa aɖewo siwo gblẽ alo vuvu.
Dzadzraɖo suesuesuewo: Kpɔ nya suesuesuewo gbɔ enumake, abe nugbɔ siwo wobɔbɔ dzɔdzɔe alo xɔtunu siwo vuvu ɖɔliɖɔli ene.
Welding dzadzraɖo: Ne èdi be yeagblẽ nu geɖe wu la, zã welding dɔwɔƒe bibiwo be woadzra gbagbãƒewo alo xɔtuɖaŋunyawo ɖo.
Dzesi siwo woatsɔ aɖɔli: Ðo dzidzenu siwo me kɔ na ɣeyiɣi si me wòle be woadzra akpa aɖe ɖo tsɔ wu be woaɖɔlii, eye nàbu nusiwo le abe ga si woatsɔ adzra akpa aɖe ɖo, ƒe si wòxɔ, kple nɔnɔme bliboa ŋu.
Gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo: Trɔ asi le xɔmenuwo ƒe anyigba ŋu ɣeaɖewoɣi be wòanɔ blɔ eye wòakpɔ egbɔ be wotsɔ kɔkrit wɔe nyuie.
Ne xɔtudɔwɔƒewo lé beléle kple beléle na wo ƒe ɖoɖo siawo me ɖe asi la, woate ŋu ana woƒe gakpowo ƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ, akpɔ egbɔ be nusiwo do tso eme la le nyonyome nyuitɔ kekeake me ɣesiaɣi, eye woakpɔ ga geɖe tso ga si wodo me. Menye ɖeko beléle na xɔa nyuie kpɔa xɔtuɖaŋua ŋutɔ ta ko o, ke enaa wokpɔa eƒe nyonyome dzi nyuie wu le kɔnkrit xɔtudɔwo me hã.
IX. Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nukpɔsusuwo
Dedienɔnɔ le vevie wu le xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe me, eye gakpo ƒe xɔtunu zazã hã mele eme o. Menye ɖeko dedienɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖo nyuiwo kpɔa dɔwɔlawo ta ko o, ke wokpɔa egbɔ hã be xɔtudɔa le blibo. Akpa sia gblɔ dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nu vevi siwo ŋu woabu ne wole dɔ wɔm kple gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo.
A. Dɔwɔwɔ Nyuie ƒe Mɔnu Siwo Wozãna
Kɔkɔ ƒe mɔnuwo: Zã nukɔkɔ ƒe dɔwɔnu kple aɖaŋu siwo sɔ ne èle gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ʋuʋum. Na hehe dɔwɔlawo le kɔklɔ ƒe mɔnu nyuiwo ŋu be woaxe mɔ ɖe akɔta ƒe abixɔxɔ nu.
Ameɖokui Takpɔnu (PPE): Kpɔ egbɔ be dɔwɔlawo katã do PPE siwo sɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye kposɔ sesẽwo, dedienɔnɔ ƒe ŋkumewu, asigɛwo, kple afɔkpa siwo ƒe afɔbidɛwo nye gakpo.
Ƒuƒoƒo ƒe kɔklɔ: Le ʋuƒo siwo lolo wu gome la, wɔ ƒuƒoƒo ƒe kɔklɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋudɔ be woama kpekpeme la eye nàɖe abixɔxɔ ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ.
Dzeɖoɖo si me kɔ: Ðo kadodomɔnu siwo me kɔ ɖi hena ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe xɔtunu gãwo ƒe ʋuʋu ŋu.
B. Afɔɖeɖe Siwo Wowɔna Ðe Ametakpɔnu Siwo Woatsɔ Akpɔ Ame Adze anyi
Dzɔlawo: De dzɔlawo ƒo xlã xɔmenuwo ƒe nuƒolanɔƒewo kple xɔtunu siwo wozãna tsɔ ƒoa xɔmenuwo nu ƒu la dzi.
Harness systems: Zã nusiwo léa ame ƒe gege ɖe anyi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye harnesses kple lanyards, ne èle dɔ wɔm le kɔkɔƒewo, vevietɔ le formwork ƒoƒo kple eɖeɖe me.
Mɔ si dzi woato age ɖe eme dedie: Na atrakpui alo atrakpui siwo le dedie be woate ŋu age ɖe xɔtunua ƒe dzisasrã vovovowo dzi.
Nutsyɔnu ƒe ʋɔtruwo: Kpɔ egbɔ be wotsyɔ ʋuƒo siwo katã le xɔmenuwo ƒe nuƒolanɔƒewo dzi nyuie alo xe mɔ na wo be woagadze anyi o.
C. Dzroƒe ƒe Ðoɖowo
Dzadzraɖo do ŋgɔ na ezazã: Wɔ nuwo me dzodzro ƒe ɖoɖo nyuie hafi nàzã gakpo ƒe akpa siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe, eye nàlé ŋku ɖe wo ŋu be wogblẽ, wovuvu, alo wogblẽ hã.
Dedienɔnɔ ŋuti numekuku edziedzi: Wɔ dedienɔnɔ ŋuti numekuku edziedzi le xɔtunuwo ƒe xɔtunuwo ŋu, eye nàlé fɔ ɖe woƒe liƒo, wo ƒoƒo ƒu nyuie, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ ŋu.
Agba ƒe ŋutete me dzodzro: Kpɔe ɖa be agba mele agbatsɔkekea ƒe ɖoɖoa me fũ o eye ate ŋu alé kɔkrit xɔdzo kple xɔtutu ƒe agbawo ƒe kpekpeme ɖe te dedie.
Yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu bubu: Lé ŋku ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe liƒo ŋu le yame ƒe nɔnɔme madeamedziwo, abe ya sesẽ alo tsidzadza gã ene megbe.
D. Hehenana kple Nyanyanana
Dedienɔnɔ ŋuti hehenana: Na dedienɔnɔ ŋuti hehe blibo dɔwɔla siwo katã kpɔa gome le agbalẽviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, eye woaƒo nu tso eŋudɔwɔwɔ nyuie, wo ƒoƒo ƒu, kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo ŋu.
Afɔkuwo ŋuti sidzedze: Fia nu dɔwɔlawo tso afɔku siwo ate ŋu ado ƒome kple gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye teƒe siwo woate ŋu aƒoe, afɔku siwo ate ŋu adze anyi, kple alesi wòle vevie be woaɖo wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu nyuie.
Dɔwɔwɔ kpata: Ðo ɖoɖo kpata siwo me kɔ eye nàgblɔ wo na wo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ ɖe amewo ɖeɖe le teƒea ŋu kple kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔwo ƒe ɖoɖowo.
E. Sededewo dzi wɔwɔ
Nutoa me sewo: Kpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖaŋu siwo katã wowɔna la wɔ ɖeka kple nutoa me xɔtuɖoɖowo kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti sewo.
Adzɔnuwɔƒewo ƒe dzidzenuwo: Wɔ ɖe dzidzenu siwo dzi dɔwɔƒea da asi ɖo le xɔmenuwo ƒe nɔnɔme, wo ƒoƒo ƒu, kple wo zazã ŋu dzi.
Nuŋlɔɖiwo: Lé dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo, ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu, kple nudzɔdzɔ ɖesiaɖe alo nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ kloe ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi nyuiwo ɖe asi be nàyi edzi anɔ ŋgɔ yim.
Ne xɔtuhawo tsɔ dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusu siawo ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ la, woate ŋu aɖe afɔku siwo dona tso gakpowo zazã me dzi akpɔtɔ. Menye ɖeko dedienɔnɔ ƒe dekɔnu sesẽ kpɔa dɔwɔlawo ta ko o, ke enaa dɔa me tsonu siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie wu eye wokpɔa dzidzedze hã. Hehenana edziedzi, ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu nyuie, kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo dzi wɔwɔ vevie le vevie be woalé dɔwɔƒe si le dedie me ɖe asi ne wole gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo zãm.
X. Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo kple Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo le Steel Formwork
Gakpo ƒe akpa vovovoawo kple eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ be woazãe nyuie le xɔtudɔwo me. Akpa sia na nu vevi siwo wɔa gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe ɖoɖo la ŋuti nyatakaka kpui aɖe, eye woƒo nu tso gli ƒe nɔnɔmetata ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu.
A. Ga Siwo Wotsɔ Wɔe Kple Nusiwo Wotsɔ Wɔe
Standard panels: Esiawoe nye gakpo ƒe akpa vevitɔwo, siwo ƒe lolome le vovovo be woate ŋu axɔ gli ƒe didime vovovowo.
Agbɔsɔsɔme siwo bɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye 600x1800mm, 500x1800mm, 400x1800mm, kple 300x1800mm.
Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo nyui siwo ƒe akpa si le gbadzaa la wɔa xɔtunuwoe hena kɔnkrit dzadzɛ.
Kplɔ̃ siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu: Le dɔa ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo gome la, woate ŋu awɔ ʋuƒo siwo ƒe lolome wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
Tiatia siwo woate ŋu awu enu: Woate ŋu atsɔ akpa vovovowo awɔ akpa siwo wotsɔ wu enui, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye esiwo ŋu wota nu ɖo alo wotsɔ aŋɔ ƒo woe be woanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi wu eye wo ŋu kɔklɔ nanɔ bɔbɔe wu.
B. Dzogoe Ememetɔ Kple Egodo
Dzogoe ememe kakɛwo: Wozãnɛ tsɔ wɔa gliwo ƒe dzogoe ememetɔwo.
Agbɔsɔsɔme siwo bɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye 100x100x900mm, 100x100x1200mm, 100x150x900mm, kple 100x150x1500mm.
Dzogoe gotagome kakɛwo: Wozãnɛ na gliwo ƒe gotagome dzogoewo.
Dzogoe siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le: Nuɖoanyi aɖewo naa dzogoe ƒe akpa siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le na dzogoe siwo mesɔ o.
C. Snap Ties kple X-Flat Ties
Snap ties: Wozãa esiawo tsɔ léa xɔmenuwo ƒe mo siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu, eye wotsia tre ɖe kɔnkrit si xɔ dzo ƒe axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu.
X-flat ties: Esiawo nye nusi woate ŋu azã ɖe snap ties teƒe, eye esia naa li ke ɖe edzi eye wozãa wo zi geɖe le gli kɔkɔwo tutu me.
Kaƒoƒo ƒe dometsotso: Kaƒoƒo ƒe dometsotso le vevie ŋutɔ be gli ƒe titrime nalé ɖe te eye wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu nu.
D. Wedge Bolts kple Fasteners Bubuwo
Wedge bolts: Wozãnɛ tsɔ doa ka kple ʋuƒo siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu nyuie.
Kplamatsedonu: Wozãa nulénu ƒomevi vovovowo tsɔ ƒoa ʋuƒoawo nu ƒu eye wokpɔa egbɔ be wosɔ ɖe wo nɔewo nu.
Pins kple wedges: Wozãa esiawo le ɖoɖo aɖewo me tsɔ doa ka kple formwork ƒe akpa aɖewo.
E. Plywood Film alo Plastic Hollow Boards hena ŋkumekpɔkpɔ
Plywood film facing: Zi geɖe la, wozãnɛ kpe ɖe gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ŋu be wòana kɔkrit nadze nyuie.
Plastik ʋuƒo siwo me do le: Atike bubu si woate ŋu azã ɖe plywood teƒe, si naa nu vovovo siwo woate ŋu atsɔ awu enu eye woate ŋu anɔ agbe didi wu.
Mɔnu siwo wozãna tsɔ léa nu ɖe eŋu: Zi geɖe la, wozãa gavi alo nu tɔxɛ siwo wotsɔ blaa nu siawo siwo wotsɔ blaa gakpoae.
F. Kpekpeɖeŋunana Kple Woƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ ƒe Akpawo
Walers: Ati siwo wotsɔ léa nu ɖe te siwo le tsia dzi siwo maa kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖe xɔtunu geɖewo dzi.
Strongbacks: Kpekpeɖeŋunu siwo le tsitrenu siwo wozãna tsɔ léa nu ɖe ɖoɖo nu eye wotsia tre ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe bɔbɔ ŋu.
Nusiwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le: Wozãnɛ tsɔ trɔa asi le xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖo si sɔ ŋu nyuie eye wonaa kpekpeɖeŋu bubuwo.
G. Dedienɔnɔ Kple Kpekpeɖeŋunanuwo
Dɔwɔƒewo: Nuƒolanɔƒe siwo woate ŋu atsɔ akpe ɖe eŋu siwo ana dɔwɔlawo nate ŋu age ɖe eme dedie le kɔkrit kɔklɔ kple xɔmenuwo wɔwɔ me.
Dzɔlawo ƒe ʋuƒo: Dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo siwo woate ŋu atsɔ abla ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe mɔ̃a ŋu be woagadze anyi o.
Atrakpui ƒe akɔtaɖonuwo: Nusiwo wotsɔ blaa atrakpuiwo ɖe atrakpui la ŋu be woate ŋu age ɖe eme dedie.
Kpekpeɖeŋunu siawo kple kpeɖeŋutɔ siawo gɔmesese le vevie na amesiame si le dɔ wɔm kple gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo. Nu siawo tiatia nyuie kple wo zazã nana be xɔtunua li ke, eƒoƒo ƒu bɔbɔe, eye kɔkrit mamlɛtɔa ƒe nyonyome nɔa anyi. Alesi akpa siawo le abe modular ene la na be woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu le xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe wɔwɔme me, woatrɔ ɖe dɔa ƒe nudidi vovovowo kple xɔtuɖaŋuwo ŋu.
XI. Steel Formwork le Xɔtuɖaŋu Tɔxɛ me
Gakpo ƒe xɔtunu si woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu kple eƒe ŋusẽ na wòsɔ ŋutɔ na xɔtudɔ tɔxɛ vovovowo. Akpa sia ku alesi wozãa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme le xɔtutu ƒe nɔnɔme vovovo siwo sesẽ eye wobiaa nu geɖe tso wo si me.
A. Xɔ Kɔkɔwo Tutu
Viɖe siwo le xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu me:
Ŋusẽ si le esi be wòanɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gãwo nu le teƒe siwo bɔbɔ wu.
Nusiwo wowɔna ɖekae le nuwuwu na anyigba ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wogbugbɔna.
Nuƒoƒoƒu kple eɖeɖeɖa kabakaba hena xɔtutu kabakaba.
Formwork systems na xɔ kɔkɔwo:
Jump forms na core xɔtutu.
Kplɔ̃ ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo na anyigbaxɔdzowo tutu kabakaba.
Woɖoa wo ɖokui lialia ƒe ɖoɖowo hena ŋgɔyiyi nyuie le tsitrenu.
Kuxiwo kple wo gbɔ kpɔnu:
B. Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dɔwɔnawo (Tɔdzisasrãwo, Mɔdodowo, kple bubuawo) .
Tɔdzisasrãwo tutu:
Zãe le tɔdzisasrãwo ƒe akpatawo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple tɔdzisasrãwo ƒe afɔtiwo me.
Formwork tɔxɛ na tɔdzisasrã ƒe akpa siwo woƒo xlãe.
Cantilever formwork ɖoɖowo na segmental tɔdzisasrã tutu.
Mɔdodowo tutu:
Ga si wotsɔ wɔa mɔ̃memi ƒe xɔmenuwo.
Movable tunnel formwork systems hena ŋgɔyiyi nyuie.
Ðekawɔwɔ kple tsilénu ƒe ɖoɖowo le mɔ̃memimɔ̃wo tutu me.
Viɖe siwo dona tso xɔtuɖoɖowo me:
Alesi wònɔa anyi didina be wòanɔ te ɖe xɔtudɔ sesẽwo nu.
Nusiwo wowɔna pɛpɛpɛ hena mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu sesẽwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu vovovowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu.
C. Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dɔwɔƒewo Tutu
Dɔwɔwɔ le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe nɔnɔmewo me:
Formwork na anyigba kple gɔmeɖoanyi siwo woate ŋu atsɔ awɔ dɔ sesẽwoe.
Nudzraɖoƒewo kple nudzraɖoƒewo tutu.
Formwork tɔxɛ na dɔwɔnuwo ƒe gɔmeɖoanyiwo.
Viɖe siwo le dɔwɔƒewo tutu me:
Tsitretsitsi ɖe atikewo kple ɖiƒoƒo siwo le dɔwɔƒewo ŋu.
Ŋutete si le ame si be wòaʋu ʋɔtru siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe dɔwɔnuwo.
Ŋusẽ si woatsɔ alé agba kpekpewo ɖe te le xɔtutu me.
Trɔ asi le eŋu na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe nuhiahiãwo:
D. Anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe Xɔtuɖoɖowo
Akpa si wòwɔna le xɔtutu si me anyigbaʋuʋu mate ŋu age ɖo o me:
Formwork na shear gliwo kple moment frames.
Dodoɖeŋgɔ ƒe teƒe siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ wɔwɔ na anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe tsitretsitsi.
Formwork ɖoɖowo na gɔmeɖoanyi ɖe vovo ƒe akpawo.
Nusiwo ŋu woabu koŋ:
Kakaɖedzi nana be woɖe mɔ ɖe xɔtunu veviwo ŋu sesĩe.
Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ be wòate ŋu axɔ anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo kple kadodowo.
Ðekawɔwɔ kple ŋusẽdodo ƒe ɖoɖo tɔxɛwo.
E. Xɔ Siwo Me Tsi Megena Le O (Tsidzraɖoƒewo, Tsidzraɖoƒewo, kple bubuawo) .
Dɔwɔwɔ le tsiléƒe ƒe xɔwo me:
Tsidzraɖoƒewo kple tsidzraɖoƒewo ƒe wɔwɔme.
Tɔdzisasrãwo ƒe xɔwo kple tsiɖɔɖɔƒewo tutu.
Formwork na tsi gbegblẽwo ɖeɖeɖa dɔwɔƒewo.
Nu vevi siwo le xɔtutu si me tsi mate ŋu age ɖo o me:
Nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ le ƒunukpeƒewo tutu me be woakpɔ egbɔ be tsi mate ŋu age ɖe eme o.
Ðekawɔwɔ kple tsidzɔƒewo ƒe ɖoɖowo.
Formwork si wotsɔ wɔa kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba siwo le gbadzaa eye womate ŋu age ɖe eme o.
Kuxiwo kple wo gbɔ kpɔnu:
Tsi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi kpɔkpɔ le kɔnkrit ƒe dɔyɔɣi.
Kakaɖedzi nana be ʋuʋu nyuie na kɔnkrit si le ʋeʋẽm, si me tsi mate ŋu age ɖo o.
Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple tsilénu membranes kple coatings.
F. Nuklia Ŋusẽdɔwɔƒewo Tutu
Nudidi tɔxɛwo:
Nuklia ƒe akpa veviwo ƒe nyateƒetoto deŋgɔ ŋutɔ.
Formwork na keklẽŋusẽ ƒe ametakpɔnu xɔwo.
Ðekawɔwɔ kple embedments kple penetrations sesẽwo.
Nusiwo ŋu woabu le dedienɔnɔ ŋu:
Wodo nyonyome dzikpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo ɖe ŋgɔ na formwork kpekpe.
Nuklia xɔtuɖoɖowo kple dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ.
Formwork systems siwo wowɔ na anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe nudzɔdzɔ siwo ate ŋu adzɔ.
Ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe anyinɔnɔ:
G. Ƒumelãwo Kple Ƒutanuwo
Dɔwɔwɔ le ƒumelãwo ƒe nɔnɔmewo me:
Formwork na tɔdziʋudzeƒewo, tɔdziʋudzeƒewo, kple ƒudzigliwo.
Ƒuta nuƒolanɔƒewo kple xɔwo tutu.
Ƒuta takpɔƒewo kple ƒutsotsoewo ƒe gbagbãƒewo.
Tsitretsitsi ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu:
Kuxi siwo le ƒudzitutu me:
Ƒutsotsoewo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo dzi kpɔkpɔ le xɔtutuɣi.
Formwork design na tsi te kɔnkrit ɖoɖo.
Ƒutsotsoe kple fifia ƒe ŋusẽwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ le formwork xɔtuɖoɖowo dzi.
Le xɔtudɔ tɔxɛ siawo me la, gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu ɖea alesi woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu kple alesi wòsẽnae fiana. Ŋutete si le esi be wòana nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ, ŋusẽ, kple tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu na wònye dɔwɔnu vevi aɖe le xɔtudɔ sesẽwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me. Tso dziƒoxɔ kɔkɔwo ƒe kɔkɔme dzi va ɖo ƒudzixɔwo ƒe gogloƒe dzi la, gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le nɔnɔme si me wotu xɔtunuwo ɖo me, vevietɔ le dɔ siwo me xɔtuɖaŋu siwo wozãna ɖaa ate ŋu adze anyi le.
Zi geɖe la, gakpo zazã le dɔ tɔxɛ siawo me bia ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nunya, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi be woatrɔ asi le xɔtunu siwo wozãna ɖaa ŋu. Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu alea, tsɔ kpe ɖe gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ŋusẽ si le dzɔdzɔme nu ŋu, na xɔtuhawo te ŋu tua nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ le egbegbe xɔtudɔwo me ƒe liƒowo.
XII. Nyanuwuwuw
Abe alesi míeku nu me le numekuku blibo sia katã me ene la, gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, eye wòkpɔa eƒe nɔƒe le dɔ vovovowo wɔwɔ me tso xɔ siwo me amewo nɔna dzi va ɖo dɔwɔƒewo kple xɔtuɖaŋu sesẽwo dzi. Mina míagbugbɔ aƒo nu tso nya veviawo ŋu eye míabu etsɔme mɔkpɔkpɔ na gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu le xɔtutu me ŋu.
A. Nya Veviwo Gbugbɔgagblɔ
Woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe ɖee fia be woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu le xɔtuɖaŋu vovovowo me, tso gli tutu bɔbɔewo dzi va ɖo xɔ kɔkɔ sesẽwo kple xɔ tɔxɛwo abe tɔdzisasrãwo, mɔdodowo, kple tsiléƒewo ene dzi.
Ŋusẽ Kple Alesi wònɔa anyi didina: Ŋusẽ si le gakpo ŋu le dzɔdzɔme nu na be xɔtunu sia sɔ nyuie na dɔ siwo hiã be woawɔ nu pɛpɛpɛ ŋutɔ eye woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gãwo nu.
Gazazã ake: Nusiwo ɖe dzesi le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu dometɔ ɖekae nye alesi wògate ŋu zãnɛ ake, si wɔe be ga megazãa ga geɖe na dɔ gãwo alo ɣeyiɣi didi o.
Nuwuwu Nyuitɔ: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe naa kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo le gbadzaa ɣesiaɣi, si wɔnɛ be mehiã be woawɔ dɔ bubuwo atsɔ awu enu o.
Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie: Modular nɔnɔme kple gakpo formwork ƒe ƒoƒo ƒu/ɖee kabakaba kpena ɖe xɔtuɣiwo kabakaba kple dɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu.
Dɔwɔwɔ Tɔxɛwo: Le teƒewo abe xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu, xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo, kple xɔ siwo me tsi mele o ene la, gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo naa viɖe tɔxɛ siwo xɔtuɖaŋu ƒomevi bubuwo ate ŋu aʋli vevie be yewoawɔ ɖeka kplii.
Kuxiwo: Togbɔ be gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖea vi ŋutɔ hã la, kuxiwo abe ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me si lolo wu, kpekpeme ŋu bubu, kple seɖoƒe siwo ate ŋu anɔ nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ ŋutɔ wɔwɔ me ene.
B. Etsɔme Mɔkpɔkpɔ na Gakpowo ƒe Dɔwɔnu le Xɔtutu me
Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Ðekawɔwɔ: Anɔ eme be gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe etsɔme abia be woawɔ ɖeka kple dijitaal mɔ̃ɖaŋununya geɖe wu. Esia ate ŋu anye nusiwo dea dzesi nu siwo woatsɔ alé ŋku ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple woƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu le ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me, alo woatsɔ wo awɔ ɖeka kple Xɔtuɖaŋu Ŋuti Nyatakakawo ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu (BIM) hena ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple edziwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ wu.
Nusiwo Woatsɔ Anɔ te Ðe Eteƒe: Esi xɔtudɔwɔƒewo le ŋgɔ yim ɖo ta nuwɔna siwo li tegbee wu gbɔ la, míate ŋu akpɔ nu yeyewo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me be woaɖe nuwo zazã dzi akpɔtɔ esime ŋusẽ le wo ŋu, kpakple gakpo siwo wogbugbɔ zã la zazã geɖe wu le xɔtuɖaŋuwo wɔwɔ me.
Automation and Robotics: Ne woto gakpowo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo ɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔna le wo ɖokui si vɛ ate ŋu ana xɔtudɔwo nawɔ dɔ nyuie wu eye woanɔ dedie wu.
Hybrid Systems: Míate ŋu akpɔ dzidziɖedzi le hybrid formwork systems siwo ƒoa gakpo ƒe ŋusẽ nu ƒu kple nu bubuwo abe aluminum alo deŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui ene, si naa formwork ƒomevi vovovowo ƒe nyuitɔ kekeake.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu kple asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le adzɔnuwo wɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo me ate ŋu ana woawɔ gakpo siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le bɔbɔe wu, si ana woate ŋu atrɔ asi le xɔtuɖaŋuwo ŋu geɖe wu evɔ womatsɔ viɖe siwo le dzidzenuwo wɔwɔ me asa vɔe o.
Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Ŋgɔyiyi: Ne woyi edzi lé fɔ ɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋu la, ate ŋu ana woato nu yeyewo vɛ le xɔmenuwo ƒe wɔwɔme me, abe ametakpɔnu siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae le anyidzedze me alo ergonomics si nyo wu hena wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ kple wo ƒoƒo ƒu ene.
Asi ƒe Kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ: Esi dukɔ madeŋgɔwo yi edzi le ga dem xɔtuɖaŋuwo kple dugãwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi me la, anɔ eme be xexeame katã ƒe asi si wodzrana ɖe gakpowo ƒe xɔtunuwo ŋu la akeke ta, si ate ŋu ana woagawɔ nu yeye bubuwo eye woaɖe gazazã dzi akpɔtɔ.
Le nyataƒoƒo me la, gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu gakpɔtɔ nye egbegbe xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe dzogoedzikpe, si ŋu wodea asixɔxɔe le eƒe ŋusẽ, eƒe anyinɔnɔ tegbee, kple eƒe dɔwɔwɔ le mɔ vovovowo nu ta. Togbɔ be ɖewohĩ manye egbɔkpɔnu nyuitɔ na xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe o hã la, eƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo kple nu yeye siwo yia edzi la kpɔa egbɔ be gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ayi edzi awɔ akpa vevi aɖe le xɔtuƒea ƒe nɔnɔme wɔwɔ me. Esi xɔtudɔ ƒe kuxiwo va le sesẽm ɖe edzi eye dɔwɔƒea le agbagba dzem be yeawɔ dɔ nyuie wu eye yeanɔ anyi ɖaa la, gakpowo ƒe xɔtunuwo le nɔnɔme nyui me be woatrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ahatrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu, eye woakpɔ xɔtu xexeame ƒe nuhiahiã siwo le tɔtrɔm gbɔ.
Gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe etsɔme dze abe ɖe ŋugbedodo le eme ene, eye woɖoe be ŋgɔyiyi siwo ate ŋu ava le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya, nusiwo li tegbee, kple aɖaŋuwɔwɔ me be woana eƒe ŋutetewo nadzi ɖe edzi eye woakeke eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe enu geɖe wu. Esi míele ŋgɔ kpɔm la, ɖikeke mele eme o be gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe ayi edzi anye nu vevi aɖe si ana woate ŋu atu xɔ siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, eye woto nu yeyewo vɛ le xexeame godoo.
한국어
Tiếng Việt
Bahasa Melayu
Filipino
Bahasa Indonesia
العربية
Français
Русский
Español
Português
English
Deutsch
italiano
日本語
Nederlands
ไทย
Polski
Türkçe
አማርኛ
ພາສາລາວ
ភាសាខ្មែរ
ဗမာစာ
தமிழ்
magyar
Română
Čeština
Монгол
қазақ
Српски
हिन्दी
فارسی
Kiswahili
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Norsk
Svenska
українська
Ελληνικά
Suomi
Հայերեն
עברית
Latine
Dansk
اردو
Shqip
বাংলা
Hrvatski
Afrikaans
Gaeilge
Eesti keel
Māori
नेपाली
latviešu
অসমীয়া
Беларуская мова
Български
डोग्रिड ने दी
Esperanto
Eʋegbe
íslenska
Türkmençe
