I. Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe ŋgɔdonya .
Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe nye nu vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, eye wònyea ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme si me wokɔa kɔkrit ɖo hewɔa wo ɖo. Abe alesi eƒe ŋkɔa ɖee fia ene la, gakpo koŋue wotsɔ wɔa gakpowoe, si naa viɖe tɔxɛwo le ŋusẽ, nusiwo nɔa anyi didina, kple alesi woate ŋu azãe ake gome. Xɔtuɖaŋu sia ƒomevi va le amewo lɔ̃m ɖe edzi le xɔtudɔwo me le esi wòte ŋu wɔa nu vovovowo le mɔ vovovowo nu eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie le kɔnkrit xɔ vovovowo wɔwɔ me ta.
Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe nye gakpo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ ƒe ɖoɖo si woƒo ƒu ɖe teƒea koŋ be woawɔ nɔnɔme si wodi na kɔkrit-xɔtunuwo. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo gbadzɛ siwo ƒe lolome le titina va ɖo gãwo, siwo wotsɔ gakpo wɔe, siwo woyɔna hã be aʋatso-dɔwɔwɔ la wɔa akpa siawoe. Xɔ si do tso eme la nyea ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme si naa kɔkrit la ƒe nɔnɔme nɔa anyi ne ele gbe dam.
Womate ŋu agblɔ alesi gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le vevie le xɔtudɔwɔƒewoe wòagbɔ eme o. Ewɔa akpa vevi aɖe le xɔtudɔwo ƒe nyateƒenyenye, woƒe nyonyome, kple woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me. Tso xɔ siwo me amewo nɔna dzi va ɖo dɔwɔƒewo ƒe xɔ gãwo dzi la, wozãa gakpowo ƒe wɔwɔme le dɔ vovovowo me, si wɔnɛ be egbegbe xɔtutumɔnuawo zɔna kabakaba eye wowɔa wo pɛpɛpɛ.
Viɖe vevi aɖewo siwo le gakpowo wɔwɔ ŋu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina kple ŋusẽ si nɔa anyi didi: Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔkrit si me tsi le ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu nu evɔ womawɔe o, si ana woakpɔ egbɔ be nu siwo de pɛpɛpɛ eye wowɔa nu ɖe wo nɔewo nu la nasɔ pɛpɛpɛ.
Woate ŋu azãe ake: to vovo na atiwo ƒe nɔnɔme la, woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo zi gbɔ zi geɖe, si ana be ga manɔ eme na dɔ gãwo alo xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo le dɔ wɔm o.
Nuwuwu si le gbadzaa: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe naa kɔkrit si le gbadzaa la nɔa anyi, si wɔnɛ be womegahiãa dɔ bubu siwo woatsɔ awu enu o.
Kabakaba kple eɖeɖeɖa kabakaba: Modular nɔnɔme si le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me ɖea mɔ na ɖoɖowɔwɔ kabakaba kple eɖeɖeɖa, si wɔnɛ be ɣeyiɣi dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna le xɔtuƒewo.
Nusiwo woawɔ: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ɖekae kple formwork ƒe ɖoɖo bubuwo, si ana woate ŋu atrɔ asi le xɔtumɔnu ŋu.
Esi míele gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe xexeame me kum yi ŋgɔe la, míadzro eƒe nɔnɔmewo, dɔwɔwɔwo, viɖewo, kple nusiwo ŋu woabu tsitotsito me, si ana gɔmesese blibo nanɔ afisi wozãa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo le kple alesi wozãa gakpowo le egbegbe xɔtudɔwo me ŋu.
II. Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe nɔnɔmewo .
Steel Formwork ƒe dzesi enye eƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛ siwo na wòsɔ na xɔtutudɔ vovovowo. Nɔnɔme siawo gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ na amesiame si kpɔ gome le xɔtudɔwo me le afisi wòhiã be woawɔ xɔtunuwo le.
A. Nuwo Kple Nusiwo Wowɔna .
Steel formwork koŋue nye gakpo gbadzɛ siwo le nyonyome nyuie kple xɔtunuwo. Ga si wozãna la nyea gayibɔ si me carbon medium carbon alo low alloy steel, si wotia ɖe eƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ ta. Zi geɖe la, wowɔa nu ɖe gakpoawo ƒe anyime ŋu be woatsɔ axe mɔ na gbeɖuɖɔ eye woakpɔ egbɔ be kɔkrit la nawu enu nyuie. Nu vevi aɖewo siwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Steel Panels: Esiawo nyea formwork la ƒe akpa vevitɔ eye woƒe lolome le vovovo be woasɔ ɖe dɔa ƒe nuhiahiã vovovowo nu.
Gaxɔwo: Esiawo naa xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu le xɔtunuawo ŋu eye wokpena ɖe wo ŋu le formwork ƒe ɖoɖoa ƒoƒo ƒu me.
Nusiwo doa ka kple wo nɔewo: Wozãa klatsa, ka, kple gavi ƒomevi vovovowo tsɔ ƒoa xɔtunuawo kple xɔtunuawo nu ƒu.
B. xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe nɔnɔmewo .
Ŋusẽ kple nusiwo nɔa anyi didina: Wonya gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme ɖe eƒe ŋusẽ tɔxɛ kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ ɖaa ta. Ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖedzesi si kɔnkrit si wotsɔ ƒo tsii si wobɔbɔ alo agbãe la nu. Ŋusẽ sia kpɔa egbɔ be kɔkrit-xɔtunu mamlɛtɔa léa eƒe nɔnɔme kple didime si woɖo be woawɔ la me ɖe asi. Gawu la, gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme te ŋu nɔa te ɖe vuvu nu, si wɔe be wòsɔ nyuie na zazã enuenu le xɔtutu ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo me.
Nusiwo woate ŋu azã ake: Viɖe ɖedzesi siwo le gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme ŋu dometɔ ɖekae nye eƒe nu geɖe si woate ŋu azã ake. To vovo na atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme, si woate ŋu azã zi ʋɛ aɖewo ko hafi womagate ŋu azãe o la, woate ŋu azã gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe ake zi alafa alo akpe geɖe gɔ̃ hã ne wodzra wo ɖo nyuie. Nu sia si woate ŋu azã ake la na gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nye tiatia si me ga menɔa anyi o na dɔ gãwo alo xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo wɔa dɔ siwo yia edzi.
C. Dzidzeme kple ɖoɖowɔɖi siwo bɔ .
Steel Formwork li le dzidzenu vovovo siwo woɖo ɖi kple ɖoɖo siwo sɔ ɖe xɔtutu ƒe hiahiã vovovowo nu me. Dzidzeme siwo bɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Frame ƒe lolome: 600x1800mm, 500x1800mm, 400x1800mm, 300x1800mm
Dzogoe ƒe akpa siwo le eme: 100x100x900mm, 100x100x1200mm, 100x150x900mm, 100x150x1500mm
Dzogoe ƒe akpa siwo le gota: 63x63x900mm, 63x63x1200mm, 63x63x1500mm
lolome siawo siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu la ɖea mɔ be woate ŋu aƒo akpa aɖewo nu ƒu bɔbɔe eye woate ŋu atrɔ wo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu. Gake woate ŋu awɔ lolome siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu hã na dɔa ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo.
Woateŋu aɖo gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le mɔ vovovowo nu be woawɔ nɔnɔme kple xɔtuɖoɖo vovovowo. Woate ŋu aƒoe nu ƒu ɖe tsitrenu na gliwo, le tsia dzi na kpe gbadzɛwo, alo le nɔnɔmetata siwo le gogloe me hena xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo. Modular nɔnɔme si le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me ɖea mɔ be woate ŋu atrɔ asi le nɔnɔme kple xɔtuɖoɖo sesẽwo ŋu ŋutɔ.
Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe nɔnɔme siawo gɔmesese le vevie na xɔtudɔwɔlawo be woawɔ nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe le eƒe zazã le dɔ vovovowo me ŋu. Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe ŋusẽ, woƒe anyinɔnɔ, kple alesi woate ŋu azã wo le mɔ vovovowo nu na wònye tiatia si ame geɖe lɔ̃na le egbegbe xɔtutu me, si ate ŋu akpɔ xɔtuɖaŋu vovovowo kple xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nudidiwo ƒe didiwo gbɔ.
III. Ga si wotsɔ wɔa gakpowoe ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo .
Gaŋutiɖoɖowo kpɔa eƒe zazã le xɔtudɔ gbogbo aɖewo me, tso xɔ siwo me amewo nɔna dzi va ɖo dɔwɔƒe gãwo kple xɔtuɖaŋuwo dzi. Alesi wòte ŋu wɔa nu vovovowoe eye ŋusẽ le eŋu la na wòsɔ na kɔkrit-xɔdɔme ƒomevi vovovowo. Mina míaku nu me tso gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe dɔ veviwo ŋu tsitotsito:
A. Gliwo tutu .
Gli tutu nye nu vevi siwo wozãna le gakpowo wɔwɔ me la dometɔ ɖeka, vevietɔ gakpo gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ. Wozãa agbalẽvi sia ƒomevi geɖe le:
Amewo ƒe nɔƒewo: Gaxɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ sɔ nyuie na gli dzɔdzɔe siwo le gbadzaa wɔwɔ le aƒewo kple xɔdɔmewo me. Ekpɔa egbɔ be wowɔ ɖeka eye wowu enu nyuie, si le vevie ŋutɔ le aƒewo tutu me.
Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dɔwɔƒewo: Le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe xɔwo me la, wozãa gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe tsɔ wɔa gli sesẽ siwo nɔa anyi didina siwo ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe agba kpekpewo kple nuto sesẽwo nu. Nusi wotsɔ wɔa nu pɛpɛpɛ si gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ naa la le vevie ŋutɔ le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe nɔnɔmewo me afisi wòle be woawɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ dzi le.
Gli siwo dzi agba le: Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nyo ŋutɔ na gli siwo me agba le wɔwɔ le eƒe ŋutete be wòanɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gã nu evɔ wòagatrɔ o ta. Esia nana be gliawo léa woƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye kple agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete me ɖe asi.
Gliwo ƒe vuvu: Le nuto siwo me anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe dɔwɔna bɔ ɖo me la, wozãa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo tsɔ wɔa gli siwo wotsɔ lãgbalẽ wɔe. Wotrɔ asi le gli siawo ŋu be woatsɔ atsi agba siwo le axadzi, abe esiwo tso anyigbaʋuʋu alo ya sesẽwo me ene, nu. Alesi gakpowo ƒe wɔwɔme sesẽe kple ŋusẽ si le eŋu la na wòsɔ nyuie na xɔtuɖoɖo vevi siawo wɔwɔ.
B. Sɔtiwo Ƒe Xɔxɔ .
Wozãa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme geɖe le sɔtiwo tutu me, le eƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe nuwuwu si le gbadzaa si wòna la siaa ta. Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu bɔbɔe be wòawɔ sɔti siwo ƒe nɔnɔme kple lolome le vovovo, tso sɔti siwo le dzogoe ene me bɔbɔe siwo le dzogoe ene me dzi va ɖo aɖaŋu siwo le dzogoe ene me alo esiwo le dzogoe ene me siwo sesẽ wu dzi.
C. Beam Xɔtuɖaŋu .
Le beam wɔwɔ gome la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ naa viɖe si nye be woawɔ nu siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ, siwo le dzɔdzɔe eye wole gbadzaa. Ate ŋu alé kɔkrit si me tsi le ƒe kpekpeme ɖe te evɔ womagbã o, si ana be xɔtunuwo nalé nɔnɔme kple xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye me ɖe asi.
D. Gɔmeɖoanyidɔ .
Steel Formwork wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le gɔmeɖoanyiwo tutu me. Wozãnɛ tsɔ wɔa:
Gliwo Gliwo .
Afɔdzideƒewo .
Pile ƒe nutrenuwo .
Grade ƒe keklẽwo .
Ga ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe pɛpɛpɛ ɖea vi ŋutɔ le gɔmeɖoanyidɔwo me, afisi nyateƒetoto le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔa ƒe liƒo bliboa.
E. Dɔdamɔnu tɔxɛwo .
Steel Formwork ƒe versatility keke ta ɖo dɔ tɔxɛ geɖe:
Tsidzraɖoƒewo kple tsidzɔƒewo: gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe tsi nu la na wòsɔ nyuie na xɔ siwo me tsi le wɔwɔ. Steel formwork kpɔa egbɔ be wowu enu nyuie, si le vevie ŋutɔ na tsilénu.
Tɔdzisasrã ƒe afɔtiwo: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo ƒe ŋusẽ na wòsɔ na kɔkritkɔkrit-kɔkɔe gã siwo hiã le tɔdzisasrãwo tutu me, vevietɔ na afɔtiwo kple tɔdziʋudzeƒewo.
Nɔnɔme siwo le goglo alo esiwo mele ɖoɖo nu o: Togbɔ be wotsɔa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme doa ƒome kple anyigba gbadza siwo le gbadzaa zi geɖe hã la, woate ŋu azãe hã atsɔ awɔ nɔnɔme siwo le goglo alo esiwo mewɔ ɖeka kple ɖoɖo o. Kpeɖodzinu tɔxɛ siwo wotsɔ ƒo xlãe alo ɖoɖo siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le la ɖea mɔ be woatu xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo alo xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo.
Le dɔ siawo katã me la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le gli tutu kple nu bubuwo me naa viɖe geɖe:
Enaa wowua anyigba nyuie, si wɔnɛ be womegahiãna be woatsɔ aŋɔ alo awɔ dɔ bubuwoe o.
Ga si wotsɔ wɔa gae ƒe sesẽme kpɔa egbɔ be eƒe lolome kple eƒe lolome sɔ pɛpɛpɛ.
Eɖea mɔ be woatui kabakaba le esi woƒo wo nu ƒu kabakaba eye woɖe wo ɖa ta.
Gaŋutiɖoɖowo zazã ake na be ga menɔa anyi na dɔ gãwo alo dɔwɔƒe siwo le xɔtudɔ siwo yia edzi la me o.
Dɔdamɔnu vovovo siawo gɔmesese kpena ɖe xɔtulawo ŋu be woatia xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖo nyuitɔ na woƒe dɔa ƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo, akpɔ egbɔ be xɔtudɔ siwo le ɖoɖo nyui nu, siwo le ɖoɖo nyui nu.
iv. Viɖe siwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ŋu .
Steel Formwork naa viɖe geɖe siwo na wònye tiatia si wodina wu le xɔtudɔ geɖe me. Viɖe siawo kpena ɖe eŋu be wozãnɛ le teƒe geɖe le xɔtuɖoɖo kple dɔ vovovowo wɔwɔ me. Mina míadzro viɖe vevi siwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ŋu me tsitotsito:
A. Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina kple ŋusẽ .
Xɔtuɖaŋu si me kɔ: Wotsɔa gakpo si ƒe nyonyome de ŋgɔ wɔa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme, si wɔnɛ be wònɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖedzesi siwo kɔkrit xɔdzowo hena vɛ nu.
Tsitretsitsi ɖe Nuvuvu kple Avuvu ŋu: To vovo na atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ megblẽna kabakaba ne wozãe o. Ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe xɔtudɔa wɔƒe ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu, si me yame ƒe nɔnɔme vovovowo hã le.
Dimensional Stability: Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ léa eƒe nɔnɔme ɖe te le agba te, si kpɔa egbɔ be kɔkrit-xɔtunu mamlɛtɔa wɔ ɖe didime kple nɔnɔme siwo woɖo be woawɔ la dzi.
B. Gbugbɔgazã geɖe .
Zãzã geɖe: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ake zi alafa alo akpe geɖe gɔ̃ hã ne wodzrae ɖo nyuie. Esia to vovo kura na atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme, si ate ŋu anye esi woate ŋu azã na tsatsam ʋɛ aɖewo ko.
Gazazã nyuie: Togbɔ be ga si wodo ɖe gakpowo wɔwɔ me le gɔmedzedzea me ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu hã la, ŋutete si le esi be woagazãe zi geɖe la na be ga geɖe le eme le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe, vevietɔ na dɔ gãwo alo xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo si dɔ le.
Gbeɖuɖɔ si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ gbugbɔgazã kpena ɖe xɔtugblẽ ƒe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ŋu, si sɔ kple xɔtudɔ siwo li tegbee.
C. Precision kple smooth nuwuwu .
Anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme si le gbadzaa: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa nuawoe naa kɔkrit si le gbadzaa la nɔa anyi, si ɖea edzi alo ɖea alesi wòhiã be woawɔ dɔ bubu siwo woatsɔ awu enu la dzi kpɔtɔna alo ɖenɛ ɖa. Esia ɖea vi ŋutɔ le dɔwɔwɔ siwo me woaɖe kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba dzi le la me.
Nusiwo sɔ ɖe enu: Gaŋutiɖoɖowo nana be nusiwo sɔ ɖe enu le nuto gãwo me la nɔa anyi, si le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔa ƒe atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ƒe nyonyome me léle ɖe asi.
Dzidzeme siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ: Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe sesẽ kpena ɖe eŋu be didime kple nuwo ƒe sɔsɔme pɛpɛpɛ nɔa anyi, si le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe blibonyenye kple atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ƒe nu lédziname.
D. Nuƒoƒoƒu kabakaba kple eɖeɖeɖa kabakaba .
Modular Design: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe zi geɖe la, wowɔa nu ɖe ɖoɖo nu, siwo nye modular units siwo woate ŋu aƒo ƒu kabakaba ahaɖe wo ɖa.
Ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ axɔe: alesi amewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kple wo ɖeɖeɖa le bɔbɔe la ɖea ɣeyiɣi si wozãna hena formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple eɖeɖeɖa dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ, si wɔnɛ be xɔa tutu ƒe ɖoɖo bliboa nɔa kabakaba.
Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ: alesi wowɔa dɔ nyuie le kpekpe kple wo ɖeɖeɖa me ate ŋu ana dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã siwo do ƒome kple xɔdɔmewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ.
E. ɖekawɔwɔ kple formwork ɖoɖo bubuwo .
Woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple formwork ƒe ɖoɖo bubuwo, abe aluminum alo plastic formwork ene, si ana woate ŋu atrɔ asi le xɔtumɔnu ŋu.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Woate ŋu atsɔe awɔ ɖekae bɔbɔe kple kpeɖeŋutɔ kple akpa vovovowo be woawɔ ɖe dɔa ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo dzi.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔme ŋu: Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu be wòawɔ dɔ kple xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo alo xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nudidiwo.
Viɖe siawo na be gakpowo wɔwɔ nye nunɔamesi vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, si kpena ɖe eŋu be wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu, eƒe nyonyome, kple gazazã nyuie wu le xɔtudɔwo me. Alesi gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nɔa anyi didina, ezazã ake, kple alesi wowɔa nu pɛpɛpɛe la na wòsɔ nyuie na dɔ gãwo alo le nɔnɔme siwo me wobia be woawu enu nyuie le. Ke hã, abe alesi wòle le xɔtutumɔnu ɖesiaɖe gome ene la, ele vevie be woabu nudidi tɔxɛ siwo le dɔ ɖesiaɖe me ŋu ne wole nya me tsom le xɔtutu ƒe ɖoɖo si sɔ wu ŋu.
V. Nusiwo gblẽ le ame ŋu kple seɖoƒewo .
Togbɔ be Steel Formwork naa viɖe geɖe hã la, ele vevie be woabu eƒe seɖoƒewo kple kuxi siwo ate ŋu ado tso eme ŋu. Esiawo gɔmesese ate ŋu akpe ɖe xɔtudɔwɔlawo ŋu be woawɔ nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe le ɣeyiɣi kple teƒe si woazã gakpowo le ŋu. Nusiwo gblẽ le eŋu kple seɖoƒe vevitɔwoe nye esi:
A. Kpekpeme kple ʋuɖoɖo ƒe kuxiwo .
Kpekpeme kpekpewo: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe la kpekpe ŋutɔ wu formwork ƒomevi bubuwo, abe aluminum alo plastic ene. Esia ate ŋu ana wòasesẽ wu be woawɔ dɔ le teƒea, vevietɔ le nuto siwo me woate ŋu age ɖe eme le alo afisiwo wozãa asidɔ le koŋ me.
Ʋuɖofewo: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe ƒe kpekpeme ate ŋu ana ʋuɖofewo nadzi ɖe edzi. Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo tsɔtsɔ yi xɔtuƒewo kple wo gbɔ yiyi bia be woatsɔ ami geɖe kple ʋu tɔxɛ siwo ate ŋu anɔ anyi, si ate ŋu ana dɔa ƒe gazazãwo katã nadzi ɖe edzi.
Nyatakakadzraɖoƒea ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe kpekpeme ate ŋu ana teƒea ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nasesẽ, si abia be woawɔ ɖoɖo nyuie ɖe nudzraɖoƒe kple ʋuʋu ƒo xlã xɔtudɔa ŋu. Esia ate ŋu abia be woazã mɔ̃ sesẽwo, si ana ga si wozãna ɖe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu nadzi ɖe edzi.
B. Seɖoƒe li na nɔnɔme si woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu .
rigid panels: Togbɔ be woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme atsɔ awɔ nɔnɔme vovovowo hã la, zi geɖe la, eƒe nɔnɔme me mekɔna o wu formwork nu bubu aɖewo. Nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ alo esiwo me womewɔa nu ɖe ɖoɖo nu o wɔwɔ ate ŋu asesẽ eye ate ŋu abia be woawɔ xɔtunu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu, si ate ŋu axɔ asi ŋutɔ.
Anyigba ƒe goglome: Togbɔ be anya wɔ hã la, anyigba siwo woƒo xlã wo kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ wɔwɔ sesẽna wu eye zi geɖe la, ebiaa xɔtunu tɔxɛ siwo woƒo ƒu alo dɔ bubuwo wɔwɔ be woaɖo nɔnɔme si wodi gbɔ.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ƒe seɖoƒewo: Le dɔ siwo me aɖaŋuwo trɔna enuenu alo biaa nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo le me la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe sesẽ ate ŋu anye seɖoƒe, si ate ŋu ana woawɔ formwork ƒomevi bubuwo alo egbɔkpɔnu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
C. Nusiwo ŋu woabu le gɔmedzedzea me .
Deme si de ŋgɔ wu: Zi geɖe la, ga si wozãna ɖe gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu le gɔmedzedzea me la sɔ gbɔ wu atiwo alo formwork ƒomevi bubu aɖewo tɔ. Esia ate ŋu anye nu vevi aɖe na xɔtudɔwɔƒe suewo alo dɔ siwo ƒe gazazãwo mede o.
Nudzraɖoƒe ƒe Gazazãwo: Ne womele ezãm o la, gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bia be woadzra wo ɖo nyuie be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ kple nusiwo agblẽ nu le wo ŋu nu. Esia ate ŋu ahe ga bubuwo vɛ na nudzraɖoƒewo kple beléle na wo.
Dɔnyala tɔxɛwo: Dɔwɔwɔ kple gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu abia be dɔwɔla bibiwo nanya nu tso eƒe kpekpe kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ ŋu nyuie, si ate ŋu ana dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazãwo nadzi ɖe edzi.
D. Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ŋutete si ate ŋu adzɔ .
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔme: Ga nye dzoxɔxɔ ƒe mɔ̃ nyui aɖe, si ate ŋu anye nusi gblẽ le yame ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo ŋu. Le vuvɔŋɔli la, gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme ate ŋu ana dzoxɔxɔ nabu kabakaba wu le kɔkrit si wokɔ yeyee me, si ate ŋu agblẽ nu le alesi woawɔe ŋu.
Nuhiahiã bubu siwo hiã: Be woaɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe bublu ƒe nyawo dzi akpɔtɔ la, ate ŋu ahiã be woawɔ afɔɖeɖe bubuwo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe nusiwo xea mɔ na dzoxɔxɔ nu ne wole gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ zãm le yame ƒe fafa me, si ana ga si woatsɔ awɔ xɔtunu ƒe ɖoɖoa ƒe gazazã bliboa kple eƒe sesẽ nadzi ɖe edzi.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe vovototowo: Ga ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔme si sɔ gbɔ ate ŋu ahe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe vovototowo vɛ le kɔkrit la me, si ate ŋu ahe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe nuteɖeamedziwo vɛ alo akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyonyome mamlɛtɔ dzi.
E. Dzadzraɖo ƒe nudidiwo .
Gbeɖuɖɔ ƒe mɔxexe: gakpowo wɔwɔ bia be woalé be na wo edziedzi be woaxe mɔ ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ nu, vevietɔ ne wozãe le teƒe siwo tsi dzana le alo le ƒuta. Esia lɔ ametakpɔnu siwo wotsɔ blaa nu ɖe wo ŋu la ŋu kɔklɔ kple wo zazã ɖe eme.
Dzadzraɖo ƒe Gazazãwo: Togbɔ be gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme si nɔa anyi didina hã la, woate ŋu agblẽ nu le eŋu to nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu alo alesi wowɔa dɔe le mɔ gbegblẽ nu ta. Ga si wotsɔ wɔa gakpowo dzadzraɖo ate ŋu asesẽ wu eye wòaxɔ asi ne wotsɔe sɔ kple xɔtunu ƒomevi bubuwo.
Kuxiwo Dzadzɛnyenye: Ekpɔkpɔ be woawɔe wòanyo hena zazã emegbe bia be woakɔ wo ŋu nyuie le wo zazã ɖesiaɖe megbe, si ate ŋu axɔ ɣeyiɣi geɖe eye wòabia dɔ sesẽ.
Togbɔ be nusiwo gblẽ le wo ŋu kple seɖoƒe siawo le vevie be woabu wo ŋu hã la, womegbɔa viɖe siwo le gakpowo wɔwɔ ŋu le dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ me kokoko o. Ele be woatu tiatia si woawɔ be woazã gakpo ƒe agbalẽviwo ɖe dɔa ƒe nudidiwo, teƒea ƒe nɔnɔmewo, gazazã ƒe mɔxenuwo, kple gazazã ƒe ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me dzodzro nyuie dzi. Le go geɖe me la, alesi gakpo si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe nɔa anyi didina, eŋudɔwɔwɔ ake, kple eƒe nyonyome ƒe nuwuwu na wònyea tiatia si wodi wu togbɔ be seɖoƒe siawo li hã.
VI. Tsɔe sɔ kple formwork ƒomevi bubuwo .
Be woase afisi gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme le le xɔtutu me gɔme bliboe la, eɖea vi be nàtsɔe asɔ kple formwork ƒomevi bubu siwo bɔ. tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo sia ahe susu ayi gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo dzi eye wòakpe ɖe ɖoɖo si sɔ wu ŋu na dɔa ƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo.
A. gakpo vs. aluminum formwork .
Kpekpeme:
Ga: Kpekpeme wu, si ate ŋu ana be asiléle kple ʋuɖoɖo nasesẽ ɖe edzi.
Aluminium: Ele bɔbɔe ŋutɔ, eƒe asi le nu ŋu eye wòtsɔe yi teƒe bubu le bɔbɔe wu.
Ŋusẽ:
Ga: Enaa ŋusẽ kple sesẽ si de ŋgɔ wu, si sɔ nyuie na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ.
Aluminium: sesẽ ale gbegbe na dɔ akpa gãtɔ gake ate ŋu abɔbɔ le agba siwo gbɔ eme te.
Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina:
Ga: Enɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ, ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu eye woazãe enuenu.
Aluminium: Enɔa anyi didina gake eƒe ʋuʋudediwo nɔa anyi bɔbɔe wu eye nusiwo gblẽna le ame ŋu.
Asixᴐxᴐ:
Ga: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me si lolo wu gake ga si wozãna ɖe eŋu wu le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe le agbenɔƒe didi ta.
Aluminium: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me la dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, gake ate ŋu ahiã be woaɖɔlii enuenu wu.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔme:
Ga: Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsɔtsɔme si lolo wu, si ate ŋu anye nu gbegblẽ le vuvɔŋɔli.
Aluminium: hã conductive, gake le agbɔsɔsɔ sue aɖe me wu gakpo.
B. gakpo kple ati ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .
Woate ŋu azãe ake:
Ga: Woate ŋu azãe ake zi alafa alo akpe geɖe ne wodzrae ɖo nyuie.
Atiwo: Zi geɖe la, zi ʋɛ aɖewo koe wozãnɛ zi ʋɛ aɖewo hafi woate ŋu aɖɔlii.
Anyigba ƒe nuwuwu:
Ga: Enaa wowua enu nyuie, si mewɔa tɔtrɔ o.
Atiwo: Ate ŋu agblẽ nukuwo ƒe nɔnɔmewo ɖe kɔkrit dzi, si ate ŋu anyo le go aɖewo me.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmeawo ŋu:
Nusiwo wògblẽna le nutome ŋu:
Ga: Woate ŋu azãe ake eye wòɖea gbeɖuɖɔ dzi kpɔtɔna le esi woate ŋu azãe ake ta.
Atiwo: Nusiwo woate ŋu awɔ yeyee gake wowɔa akpa aɖe le avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ me eye wòhea gbeɖuɖɔ geɖe vɛ le esi womegazãnɛ o ta.
Gazazã Gbãtɔ:
Ga: Ga si wodo ɖe ŋgɔ wu.
Atiwo: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me la dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, gake gazazãwo ate ŋu aƒo ƒu le esi woɖɔlia wo enuenu ta.
C. gakpo vs. plastik ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .
Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina:
Ga: Enɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe vuvu nu.
Plastik: Menɔa anyi didina o, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le eŋu to nusiwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ame ŋu alo yame ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo me.
Kpekpeme:
Ga: Kpekpeme wu, si bia agbagbadzedze geɖe wu be woakpɔ egbɔ ahatsɔe ayi teƒe bubuwo.
Plastik: Eƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe, eƒe asiléƒe kple etsɔtsɔ le bɔbɔe.
Nusiwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ:
Asixᴐxᴐ:
Ga: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me si lolo wu gake ga si wozãna ɖe eŋu wu le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe.
Plastik: Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me la dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, gake ɖewohĩ ahiã be woaɖɔlii enuenu wu.
Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nutome ŋu:
Ga: Woate ŋu azãe ake eye eƒe agbenɔƒe didi.
Plastik: Woate ŋu azã ƒomevi aɖewo ake, gake ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le nutome bliboa me ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ wu.
Eyata, togbɔ be gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme nyo ɖe edzi le ŋusẽ, eƒe anyinɔnɔ, kple alesi woate ŋu azãe ake me hã la, ɖewohĩ manye tiatia nyuitɔ kekeake ɣesiaɣi na dɔ ɖesiaɖe o. Nusiwo nye dɔa ƒe lolome, gazazã, nuwuwu si wobia, kple teƒea ƒe nɔnɔmewo katã wɔa akpa aɖe le formwork ƒomevi si sɔ wu la nyanya me. Steel formwork nye viɖenu vevietɔ na dɔ gãwo, xɔtuɖoɖo siwo hiã be woawɔ nu pɛpɛpɛ ŋutɔ, kple le nɔnɔme siwo me woagazã formwork la zi gbɔ zi geɖe. Gake le dɔ suewo alo esiwo bia be woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu geɖe wu le nɔnɔme me gome la, woate ŋu awɔ formwork ƒomevi bubuwo wu.
VII. Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kple wo zazã .
Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo nyuie kple wo zazã nyuie le vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ nu nyuitɔ kekeake le xɔtudɔwo me. Akpa sia agblɔ alesi woɖoa gakpowo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ kple wo zazãe tsitotsito, eye woalé fɔ ɖe gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔɖoɖowo ŋu.
A. Dzadzraɖo kple dzadzɛnyenye .
Dzodzro: Hafi woaƒo wo nu ƒu la, ele be woalé ŋku ɖe gakpoa ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe ŋu nyuie be nusianu si gblẽ, eƒe nɔnɔme trɔ, alo eƒe vuvu fũu akpa hã.
Dzadzɛnyenye: Ele be woakɔ akpaawo katã ŋu le kɔnkrit ƒe nugbagbevi ɖesiaɖe si wozã va yi me. Esia nana be eƒe gowo le gbadzaa eye eƒe akpa aɖewo sɔ nyuie.
Dɔlékuiwutikewo zazã: Ele be woatsɔ atike si sɔ si woaɖe asi le eŋu la ade formwork la ƒe anyigba dzi be wòana woate ŋu aɖe wo bɔbɔe ne kɔkrit la da gbe le wo ŋu vɔ.
B. Alignment and leveling techniques .
Dzesidedzesi: Ele be woade dzesi gli alo xɔtunua ƒe ɖoɖo nyuie le anyigba alo anyigbaxɔdzo si li xoxo dzi.
Plumb Bob kple Spirit Level Use: Zã dɔwɔnu siawo nàtsɔ akpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ formwork panels la ɖe tsitrenu eye wole tsia dzi.
Nusiwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le: Zã nusiwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le alo jackwo nàtsɔ atrɔ asi le wo nɔewo ŋu nyuie eye nàkpɔ egbɔ be formwork la le dzɔdzɔe bliboe eye wòle sɔsɔm.
C. Mɔnuwo ƒe dedienɔnɔ (clamps, ties, bolts) .
Panel Connection: Tsɔ clamps alo wedge bolts ƒo ƒu ɖe akpa siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu la ŋu. Kpɔ egbɔ be kadodo siawo le sesẽm be woaxe mɔ ɖe kɔkrit ƒe sisi nu.
Walers: De horizontal walers (zi geɖe la, gakpo ƒe mɔ̃wo) be nàdo ŋusẽ formwork la eye nàlé wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
Kadodo ƒe ɖoɖowo: Zã ka siwo wotsɔ blaa nu alo ka siwo wotsɔ blaa woe nàtsɔ alé formwork mo siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu, eye nàtsi tre ɖe kɔkrit si me tsi le ƒe axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu.
Dzogoedzi Kadodowo: Lé ŋku ɖe dzogoewo ŋu etɔxɛe, zã dzogoedzikpe siwo sɔ eye nàkpɔ egbɔ be wobla wo nyuie.
D. Klɔƒe ƒe ɖoɖo ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo .
Klɔe: Kpɔ alesi kɔkrit kɔklɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme dzi be nàƒo asa na nyaƒoɖeamenu si gbɔ eme ɖe formwork la dzi. Wɔ ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi le tsi si woakɔ ɖe anyi wu ƒe kɔkɔme si sɔ gbɔ wu ŋu.
Vibration: Zã kɔkrit vibrators nyuie nàtsɔ akpɔ egbɔ be woƒo wo nu ƒu nyuie evɔ màtsɔ nuteɖeamedzi si mesɔ o ade formwork la dzi o.
Kpɔkpɔ: Lé ŋku ɖe formwork la ŋu ɣesiaɣi le ekɔklɔ me hena dzesi ɖesiaɖe si ɖee fia be ele ʋuʋum, le ʋuʋum, alo le dodom le eme.
E. ɖeɖeɖa kple eɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖowo .
Ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ awɔ dɔe: Na ɣeyiɣi si sɔ be kɔkrit la nasẽ hafi nàɖe formwork la ɖa. Ɣeyiɣi sia toa vovo le kɔnkrit tsakatsaka, yame ƒe nɔnɔme, kple xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nudidiwo nu.
Tsitretsitsi: Dze eɖeɖe gɔme kple nusiwo menye agbatsɔnu o, zi geɖe la, wodzea egɔme tso xɔtunuwo kple sɔtiwo ƒe axawo dzi hafi ɖea nusiwo léa nu ɖe te la ɖa.
Detachment nyuie: Zã dɔwɔnu siwo sɔ nàtsɔ ama formwork la tso kɔnkrit la dzi nyuie, eye nàƒo asa na nusiwo ko kɔkrit la kple lãgbalẽa siaa gblẽ.
Dzadzɛnyenye kple edzraɖo: Klɔ formwork la enumake le eɖeɖe vɔ megbe eye nàdzrae ɖo ɖe eŋudɔwɔwɔ si kplɔe ɖo alo nudzraɖoƒe si sɔ ŋu.
To kpekpe kple wo zazã ƒe ɖoɖo siawo dzi wɔwɔ me la, xɔtuhawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be wozã gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, vevietɔ le gliwo tutudɔwo me. Menye ɖeko asiléle nyuie nana wowɔa kɔkrit-xɔtunu deŋgɔwo ko o ke enaa agbalẽviawo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi hã ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu azãe ake eye wòazã ga geɖe wu.
VIII. Beléle na ame kple beléle nɛ .
Gaŋutiɖoɖowo dzi kpɔkpɔ nyuie kple wo dzi kpɔkpɔ le vevie ŋutɔ hena eƒe agbenɔƒe didi, eƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie me léle ɖe asi, kple alesi woate ŋu azãe ake geɖe wu. Akpa sia gblɔ nu vevi siwo woawɔ atsɔ alé be na gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le nɔnɔme nyuitɔ kekeake me.
A. Dzadzɛnyenye le ezazã vɔ megbe .
Dzadzɛnyenye enumake: Klɔ xɔmenuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vɔ teti le eɖeɖe vɔ megbe be kɔkrit nagasẽ le eƒe gowo dzi o.
Nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe tsilele: Zã tsi si me tsi sina tona ŋutɔ nàtsɔ aɖe kɔkrit ƒe nugbagbevi siwo susɔ sesĩe la ɖa.
Dɔwɔnu Siwo Wotsɔ Kpena Ðe Ame Ŋu: Zã plastik alo atikpakpɛwo nàtsɔ aɖe kɔkrit si sesẽ la ɖa, eye nàƒo asa na ga dɔwɔnu siwo ate ŋu agblẽ nu le wo ŋu.
Atike siwo wotsɔna klɔa nu ŋu: Le nusiwo susɔ siwo ƒe dzime sẽ etɔxɛe gome la, zã atike siwo sɔ, siwo wɔ ɖe mɔfiame siwo ku ɖe atikeawo wɔlawo ŋu kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo dzi.
B. Nudzraɖoƒemɔnu Nyuiwo .
Nuto si me tsi mele o: Dzra gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme ɖo ɖe teƒe si ƒu kplakplakpla be gbeɖuɖɔ kple xɔxlɔ̃ nagage ɖe eme o.
Stacking: Stack panels kple components nyuie, zã dometsotsowo be woaɖe mɔ na ya ƒe ʋuʋu eye wòaxe mɔ ɖe anyigba ƒe gbegblẽ nu.
Nutsyɔtsyɔ takpɔkpɔ: Zã ametakpɔnu ƒe nutsyɔnuwo ne èle gota dzram ɖo be wòakpɔ ta tso tsidzadza kple ɣe ƒe keklẽ tẽ me.
Nudzraɖoƒewo Dzikpɔkpɔ: Woawɔ nudzraɖoƒe ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe ŋudɔ atsɔ alé ŋku ɖe nɔnɔme kple zazã le agbalẽviwo ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe ŋu.
C. Atike siwo ɖea asi le nu ŋu zazã .
Dɔwɔwɔ edziedzi: Tsɔ nusiwo woɖe tso eme la de eme hafi nàzãe ɖesiaɖe be wòana formwork ɖeɖeɖa bɔbɔe nanɔ bɔbɔe eye nàkpɔ gakpoa ta.
Nusiwo sɔ: Zã atike siwo woɖe ɖe go siwo wowɔ koŋ na gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme, ƒo asa na nusiwo ate ŋu awɔ nu kple gakpoa alo agblẽ nu le wo ŋu.
Dɔwɔwɔ gɔ̃ hã: Kpɔ egbɔ be wotsɔ atike si wotsɔna ɖea asi le nu ŋu si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ, si le sue ɖe edzi la ɖe anyigba siwo katã aƒo ka na kɔkrit la ŋu.
Ɖeɖekpɔkpɔ fũu akpa: Ðe atike ɖesiaɖe si woɖena le eme la ɖa be wòagakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe nyonyome dzi o.
D. Nusiwo le eme dzadzraɖo kple wo ɖɔliɖɔli .
Dzodzro edziedzi: Wɔ ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu nyuie le eŋudɔwɔwɔ ɖesiaɖe megbe be nàde dzesi nusiwo gblẽ alo esiwo gblẽ.
Dzadzraɖo Suesuewo: Kpɔ nya suesuesuewo gbɔ kaba, abe go siwo wobɔbɔ la ɖɔɖɔɖo alo xɔtunu siwo vuvu ɖɔliɖɔli ene.
Welding Repairs: Ne èdi be yeagblẽ nu geɖe wu la, zã dɔnyala ƒe welding subɔsubɔdɔwo be nàdzra gbagbãƒewo alo xɔtuɖoɖowo ɖo.
Nusiwo woatsɔ aɖɔli woe: Ðo dzidzenu siwo me kɔ na ɣeyiɣi si me wòle be woadzra akpa aɖe ɖo ne wotsɔe sɔ kple wo nɔewo, ne èbu nusiwo le abe ga si woatsɔ adzra ɖo, ƒe si woxɔ, kple nɔnɔme bliboa ene ŋu.
Anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme gbugbɔgawɔ: Gbugbɔ trɔa asi le eƒe akpa si wowɔ la ŋu ɣeaɖewoɣi be wòanɔ bɔbɔe eye woakpɔ egbɔ be kɔkrit si le nyonyome nyuie la le eme.
Ne xɔtudɔwɔƒewo lé beléle na wo kple beléle na wo ƒe nuwɔna siawo me ɖe asi la, woate ŋu ana woƒe gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nadidi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ, akpɔ egbɔ be nu deŋgɔ siwo sɔ ɖe enu, eye woana woakpɔ viɖe geɖe wu le gadede asi me. Menye ɖeko beléle na xɔa ŋutɔ kpɔa xɔmenɔnɔa ŋutɔ ta ko o, ke enaa wokpɔa eƒe nyonyome dzi nyuie wu le kɔnkrit xɔtudɔwo me hã.
IX. Dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo .
Dedienɔnɔe nye nu vevitɔ kekeake le xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe me, eye gakpowo zazã hã mele eme o. Menye ɖeko dedienɔnɔ ƒe afɔɖeɖe nyuiwo kpɔa dɔwɔlawo ta ko o, ke wokpɔa egbɔ hã be xɔtudɔa ƒe nuteƒewɔwɔ hã. Akpa sia gblɔ dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusu veviwo ne wole dɔ wɔm kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ.
A. Nuwo ŋudɔwɔwɔ nyuie ƒe mɔnuwo .
Nusiwo Woatsɔ akɔe: Zã dɔwɔnu kple aɖaŋu siwo sɔ ne èle gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe la ʋum. Na hehe dɔwɔlawo le mɔ nyuitɔ dzi kɔklɔ ƒe mɔnuwo be woaxe mɔ ɖe akɔta ƒe abixɔxɔ nu.
Ame ŋutɔ ƒe Ametakpɔnu (PPE): Kpɔ egbɔ be dɔwɔlawo katã do PPE si sɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye kposɔfu sesẽwo, dedienɔnɔ ƒe ŋkumewu, asigɛwo, kple afɔkpa siwo ƒe afɔtiwo le gakpo ŋu.
Team Lifting: Le panels gãwo gome la, wɔ team lifting procedures ŋudɔ be nàma kpekpeme la eye nàɖe abixɔxɔ ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ.
Kadodo si me kɔ: Ðo kadodo ƒe ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ nyuie hena ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe ʋuʋu ƒe akpa gãwo ƒe akpawo ŋu.
B. Anyidzedze ƒe ametakpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo .
Dzɔlawo: De dzɔlawo ƒe ʋuƒo ƒo xlã formwork platforms ƒo xlãe kple ɖe scaffolding si wozãna hena formwork assembly dzi.
Harness Systems: Zã fall léle ƒe ɖoɖowo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye harnesses kple lanyards, ne wole dɔ wɔm le kɔkɔƒewo, vevietɔ le formwork ƒe kpekpe kple wo ɖeɖeɖa me.
Mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu dedie: Na atrakpui siwo le dedie alo atrakpuiwo nate ŋu age ɖe formwork ƒe ɖoɖoa ƒe akpa vovovowo.
Kpoxɔnuwo: Kpɔ egbɔ be woxe mɔ ɖe ʋuƒo siwo katã le formwork platforms nu la nyuie alo woxe mɔ ɖe wo nu be woagadze anyi o.
C. Dzodzro ƒe ɖoɖowo .
Dzadzraɖo ɖe eŋu do ŋgɔ: Wɔ ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu nyuie ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe ɖe asi hafi nàzã gakpo ƒe akpa aɖewo ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe, eye woalé ŋku ɖe nusiwo gblẽ, wovuvu, alo woƒe nɔnɔme gbegblẽ ŋu.
Dedienɔnɔ ŋuti numekuku siwo wowɔna edziedzi: Wowɔa dedienɔnɔ ŋuti numekuku edziedzi le xɔdɔmewo ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu, eye woƒe susu nɔa liƒo, wo ƒoƒo ƒu nyuie, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ ŋu.
Agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutetewo me dzodzro: Kpɔe ɖa be wometsɔ agba si gbɔ eme o eye ate ŋu alé kɔkrit xɔdzo kple xɔtutu ƒe agbawo ƒe kpekpeme ɖe te dedie.
Yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo: Kpɔ formwork ƒe liƒo ɖa le yame ƒe nɔnɔme madeamedziwo, abe ya sesẽwo alo tsidzadza gãwo ene megbe.
D. Hehenana kple nyanyanana .
Dedienɔnɔ ƒe hehenana: Na dedienɔnɔ ŋuti hehe blibo dɔwɔla siwo katã kpɔ gome le agbalẽviwo wɔwɔ me, si ku ɖe alesi woawɔ nu ɖe wo ŋu nyuie, aƒo wo nu ƒu, eye woawɔ dedienɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu.
Afɔkuwo nyanya: fia nu dɔwɔlawo tso afɔku siwo ate ŋu ado tso gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye teƒe siwo woate ŋu akpɔ nu le, afɔku siwo dzena le wo ŋu, kple alesi wòle vevie be woawɔ ɖeka nyuie ŋu.
Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo: Ðo ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ eye woagblɔ ɖoɖo siwo me kɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ ɖe amewo ɖeɖe le teƒea kple kpekpeɖeŋunaɖoɖo gbãtɔwo ŋu.
E. Ðoɖowo dzi wɔwɔ .
Nutoa me ƒe ɖoɖowo: Kpɔ egbɔ be agbalẽviwo wɔwɔ ƒe nuwɔnawo katã wɔ ɖe nutoa me xɔtuɖoɖowo kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti sewo dzi.
Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dzidzenuwo: Wɔ ɖe dzidzenu siwo dɔwɔƒea da asi ɖo dzi le agbalẽviwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, wo ƒoƒo ƒu, kple wo zazã ŋu.
Nuŋlɔɖiwo: Lé dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo, ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu, kple nudzɔdzɔ ɖesiaɖe alo nusiwo katã to vovo na wo ŋu ƒe nuŋlɔɖi nyuiwo me ɖe asi be woayi edzi anɔ ŋgɔ yim.
To dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusu siawo ɖoɖo ɖe nɔƒe gbãtɔ me la, xɔtuhawo ate ŋu aɖe afɔku siwo le gakpowo zazã me dzi akpɔtɔ. Menye ɖeko dedienɔnɔ ŋuti dekɔnu sesẽ aɖe kpɔa dɔwɔlawo ta ko o, ke enaa dɔa me tsonu siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie wu eye wokpɔa dzidzedze wu hã. Hehenana edziedzi, ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu ŋudzɔnɔnɔ, kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo dzi wɔwɔ sesĩe le vevie ŋutɔ be woalé be na dɔwɔƒe si le dedie ne wole gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme wɔm.
X. Ga si wotsɔ wɔa gakpowo ƒe akpa aɖewo kple woƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo .
Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe akpa vovovoawo kple woƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ na eƒe zazã nyuie le xɔtudɔwo me. Akpa sia na nu vevi siwo wɔ gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe ƒe wɔwɔfia, kple susu le gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo ŋu.
A. gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo kple xɔtunuwo .
Standard Panels: Esiawoe nye nu vevi siwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me, siwo le lolome vovovowo me be woate ŋu axɔ gli ƒe didime vovovowo.
Wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye 600x1800mm, 500x1800mm, 400x1800mm, kple 300x1800mm.
Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo deŋgɔwo wɔa xɔtunuawo eye woƒe akpa si le gbadzaa la nɔa wo ŋu hena kɔkrit si le dzadzɛ.
Custom Panels: Le dɔa ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo gome la, woate ŋu awɔ akpa siwo ƒe lolome sɔ ɖe wo nɔewo nu.
NUSIWO WOATE ŊU A wu enu: Woate ŋu atsɔ nu vovovowo aɖo xɔtunuwo dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye anyigba siwo wota alo esiwo wotsɔ aŋɔ wɔe be woanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi nyuie wu eye woakɔ wo ŋu bɔbɔe wu.
B. Dzogoe siwo le ememe kple esiwo le gota .
Dzogoe ememetɔwo: Wozãnɛ tsɔ wɔa gliwo ƒe dzogoe ememetɔwo.
Dzogoe ƒe gota gome ƒe akpawo: Wozãnɛ na gliwo ƒe dzogoe siwo le gota.
Dzogoe siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le: Ðoɖo aɖewo naa dzogoedzikpe siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le na dzogoe siwo mele ɖoɖo nu o.
C. Snap ƒe kadodowo kple X-flat ƒe kadodowo .
Snap Ties: Wozãa esiawo tsɔ léa formwork mo siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu, eye wotsia tre ɖe kɔkrit si me tsi le ƒe axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu.
X-Flat Ties: Nusi woate ŋu azã ɖe snap-kawo teƒe, esiawo naa woli kena ɖe edzi eye wozãnɛ zi geɖe le gli siwo kɔkɔ wu me.
Kadodo ƒe dometsotso: Kadodo ƒe dometsotso le vevie ŋutɔ na gli ƒe titrime dzi kpɔkpɔ kple tsitretsitsi ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu.
D. wedge bolts kple nu bubu siwo wotsɔ blaa nu .
Wedge Bolts: Wozãnɛ tsɔ doa ka kple ʋuƒo siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu nyuie.
Klamps: Wozãa clamp ƒomevi vovovowo tsɔ ƒoa ʋuƒo siwo wotsɔna ƒoa ʋuƒoe nu eye wokpɔa egbɔ be wowɔ ɖeka.
Pins and wedges: Wozãa esiawo le ɖoɖo aɖewo me hena formwork ƒe akpawo ƒe kadodo.
E. plywood film alo plastic hollow boards hena gododo .
Plywood film si dze ŋgɔe: Wozãnɛ zi geɖe tsɔ kpe ɖe gakpowo ŋu be woatsɔ awɔ kɔkrit si le gbadzaa.
Plastic hollow boards: an alternative to plywood, si naa nuwuwu ƒe tiatia vovovowo kple esiwo ate ŋu anɔ anyi didi wu.
Mɔnu siwo wotsɔ blaa nue: Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gaviwo alo nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu ƒe mɔ̃ tɔxɛ aɖewo blaa nu siawo siwo dze ŋgɔ wo nɔewo la ɖe gakpoa ŋu.
F. Kpekpeɖeŋu kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu ƒe akpawo .
Walers: Horizontal support beams siwo maa kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖe akpa vovovowo dzi.
Strongbacks: Tsitrenu Kpekpeɖeŋunu siwo wozãna tsɔ léa wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu eye wotsia tre ɖe formwork la ƒe bowing ŋu.
Nusiwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le: Wozãnɛ tsɔ trɔa asi le formwork la ƒe sɔsɔ ŋu nyuie eye wònaa kpekpeɖeŋu bubuwo.
G. Dedienɔnɔ Kple Mɔɖeɖe Ðe Nu Ŋu ƒe Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo .
Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔ̃wo: Mɔ̃ siwo woate ŋu atsɔ akpe ɖe wo ŋu siwo ana dɔwɔlawo nate ŋu age ɖe eme dedie le kɔkritkɔklɔ kple wo wɔwɔ ƒe dɔwo wɔwɔ me.
Dzɔlawo: Dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo siwo woate ŋu atsɔ akpe ɖe formwork ƒe ɖoɖoa ŋu be woaxe mɔ ɖe anyidzedze nu.
Atrakpuiwo ƒe akɔtagbalẽviwo: Kpeɖeŋutɔ siwo wotsɔ blaa atrakpuiwo ɖe formwork la ŋu be woate ŋu age ɖe eme dedie.
Akpa kple kpeɖeŋutɔ siawo gɔmesese le vevie na amesiame si le dɔ wɔm kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ. Nu siawo tiatia nyuie kple wo zazã nana be formwork la li ke, eƒe ƒoƒo ƒu bɔbɔe, kple kɔkrit-xɔ mamlɛtɔa ƒe nyonyome. Modular nɔnɔme si le akpa siawo me ɖe mɔ be woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu le formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me, atrɔ ɖe dɔa ƒe nudidi vovovowo kple xɔtuɖaŋuwo ŋu.
XI. gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le xɔtutu tɔxɛ me .
Steel Formwork ƒe alesi woate ŋu awɔ nu vovovowoe kple ŋusẽ si le eŋu na wòsɔ nyuie na xɔtudɔ tɔxɛ vovovowo. Akpa sia ku ɖe alesi wozãa gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le xɔtutu ƒe nɔnɔme vovovo siwo me nuwo sesẽ le eye wobiaa nu geɖe ŋu me.
A. Xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu .
Viɖe siwo le xɔ kɔkɔwo me:
Ŋusẽ si woatsɔ anɔ te ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gãwo nu le ɖoƒe siwo bɔbɔ ɖe anyi wu me.
Consistency in Finish na anyigba ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wogbugbɔna wɔna.
Duƒuƒu ƒe kpekpe kple wo ɖeɖeɖa hena xɔtutu kabakaba.
Formwork ɖoɖowo na xɔ kɔkɔwo:
Jump forms for core construction.
Tabla ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo na anyigbaxɔdzo dzi xɔwo tutu kabakaba.
Ðokuitɔdidi ƒe ɖoɖowo hena ŋgɔyiyi nyuie le tsitrenu.
Kuxiwo Kple Egbɔkpɔnuwo:
B. Dɔwɔƒe siwo kpɔa xɔtuɖoɖowo gbɔ (tɔdzisasrãwo, mɔ̃wo, kple bubuawo) .
Tɔdzisasrãwo Xɔxɔ:
Zãe le tɔdzisasrãwo, tɔdziʋudzeƒewo, kple afɔtiwo me.
Tɔdziʋu tɔxɛ aɖe na tɔdzisasrã ƒe akpa siwo woƒo xlãe.
Cantilever formwork ɖoɖowo na segmental tɔdzisasrã tutu.
Tunnel ƒe xɔtutu:
Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ na tunnel ƒe ʋuƒo.
Tunnel formwork systems siwo woate ŋu aʋuʋu hena ŋgɔyiyi nyuie.
Ðekawɔwɔ kple tsiléle ƒe ɖoɖowo le mɔ̃wo tutu me.
Viɖe siwo le xɔtuɖoɖowo me:
Alesi woanɔ anyi didie be woanɔ te ɖe xɔtutu ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu.
Nusiwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ na mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe mɔɖeɖe sesẽwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ɖe xɔtuɖoɖo vovovowo ŋu.
C. Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dɔwɔƒewo Xɔtuɖaŋu .
Dɔdamɔnu siwo wozãna le dɔwɔƒewo:
Formwork na anyigba kple gɔmeɖoanyi siwo le dɔ sesẽ wɔm.
Nudzraɖoƒewo tutu kple silowo.
Dɔwɔnu tɔxɛ aɖe na dɔwɔnuwo ƒe gɔmeɖoanyiwo.
Viɖe siwo le dɔwɔƒewo tutu me:
Tsitretsitsi ɖe atikewo kple ɖiƒoƒo dɔwɔƒewo ŋu.
Ŋutete be woawɔ ʋuƒo siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe dɔwɔnuwo.
Ŋusẽ si woatsɔ alé agba kpekpewo ɖe te le xɔtutu me.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu na dɔwɔƒewo ƒe nuhiahiãwo:
D. Anyigbaʋuʋu siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe anyigbaʋuʋu nu .
Akpa si wowɔna le xɔtutu si te ŋu nɔa te ɖe anyigbaʋuʋu nu me:
Formwork na shear gliwo kple moment frames.
wɔwɔ ŋusẽdodo ƒe ɖoɖo siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ hena anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe tsitretsitsi.
Formwork ɖoɖowo na base isolation components.
Nusiwo ŋu woabu koŋ:
Kakaɖedzi nana be mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu vevi aɖewo ŋu naɖe mɔ ɖe nu veviwo ŋu.
Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ be woawɔ ɖe anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo kple kadodowo dzi.
ɖekawɔwɔ kple ŋusẽdodo ƒe ɖoɖo tɔxɛwo.
E. Tsi siwo me tsi mele o (nudzraɖoƒewo, tsigoewo, kple bubuawo) .
Dɔwɔwɔwo le xɔ siwo léa tsi ɖe te me:
Formwork na tsidzɔƒewo kple tsidzraɖoƒewo.
Dam ƒe xɔwo kple tsiɖɔɖɔɖɔƒewo tutu.
Formwork na tsi gbegblẽwo ŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔƒewo.
Nu vevi siwo woatsɔ awɔ xɔtutu si me tsi mele o:
Nusiwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ le ƒuƒoƒo tutu me be woakpɔ egbɔ be tsi megage ɖe eme o.
Ðekawɔwɔ kple tsi ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe ɖoɖowo.
Formwork hena kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo le gbadzaa, siwo me tsi mate ŋu age ɖo o wɔwɔ.
Kuxiwo Kple Egbɔkpɔnuwo:
Tsi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi kpɔkpɔ le kɔkrit ƒe dɔyɔyɔ me.
Kakaɖedzitɔe la, ʋuʋu nyuie na kɔkrit si me tsi mele o, si me tsi mate ŋu age ɖo o.
ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe formwork ŋu kple tsilénu siwo me tsi mele o kple nusiwo wotsɔ blae.
F. Nukliaŋusẽdɔwɔƒe ƒe xɔtutu .
Nudidi tɔxɛwo:
Nusiwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ ŋutɔ na nuklia ƒe akpa veviwo.
Formwork na keklẽŋusẽ ƒe ametakpɔnu ƒe xɔtuɖoɖowo.
ɖekawɔwɔ kple nusiwo wotsɔ de eme kple nusiwo me woge ɖo sesẽ.
Nusiwo ŋu woabu le dedienɔnɔ ŋu:
Enhanced quality control processes for formwork assembly.
Nukliaʋawɔnuwo tutu ƒe sewo kple dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ.
Formwork ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ na anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe nudzɔdzɔ siwo ate ŋu adzɔ.
Ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe anyinɔnɔ:
G. Ƒudzimɔ̃wo Kple Ƒutawo Ƒe Dɔwɔƒewo .
Dɔwɔwɔwo le Ƒumelãwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewo Me:
formwork na Tɔdziʋudzeƒewo, Tɔdziʋudzeƒewo, kple Ƒudzigliwo.
Ƒuta ƒe nuƒolanɔƒewo kple xɔwo tutu.
Ƒuta takpɔnuwo ƒe xɔwo kple tsi siwo me ʋuʋudedi le.
Tsitretsitsi ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu:
Kuxi siwo le Ƒumelãwo Xɔxɔ me:
Tidal ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo dzi kpɔkpɔ le xɔtutuɣi.
Formwork ƒe nɔnɔme na tsi te kɔnkrit ɖoɖo.
Nuƒoƒo tso ƒutsotsoewo kple ŋusẽ siwo li fifia ŋu le formwork structures ŋu.
Le xɔtutu ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛ siawo me la, gakpowo ƒe wɔwɔme ɖea eƒe ŋutete be wòate ŋu awɔ dɔ vovovowo kple alesi wòte ŋu wɔa dɔ sesĩe la fiana. Eƒe ŋutete be wòana nu pɛpɛpɛ, ŋusẽ, kple tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu na wònye dɔwɔnu vevi aɖe le xɔtutu ƒe kuxi sesẽwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ me. Tso dziƒoxɔ kɔkɔwo ƒe kɔkɔƒewo dzi va ɖo ƒudzixɔwo ƒe gogloƒewo dzi la, gakpowo wɔwɔ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le nɔnɔme si wotu me, vevietɔ le dɔ siwo me mɔnu siwo wozãna ɖaa ate ŋu aɖiɖi kpuie la me.
Zi geɖe la, gakpowo zazã le dɔ tɔxɛ siawo me bia ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwo ŋuti nunya, kple ɣeaɖewoɣi tɔtrɔ siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu le nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wozãna ɖaa ŋu. Alesi woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu alea, tsɔ kpe ɖe gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ŋusẽ si le dzɔdzɔme nu ŋu la, na xɔtuhawo te ŋu tutua nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ ƒe liƒowo le egbegbe xɔtudɔwo me.
XII. Nyanuwuwuw
Abe alesi míeku nu me le numekuku blibo sia katã me ene la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, eye wòdia eƒe nɔƒe le dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ me tso xɔ siwo me amewo nɔna dzi va ɖo dɔwɔƒewo kple xɔtuɖoɖo sesẽwo dzi. Mina míagbugbɔ aƒo nu tso nya veviawo ŋu eye míabu etsɔme nukpɔsusu si le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ŋu le xɔtutu me ŋu.
A. Nya veviwo gbugbɔgagblɔ .
Woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu: Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ɖee fia be woate ŋu awɔ nu geɖe le xɔtutu ƒe nɔnɔme vovovowo me, tso gli siwo wotu bɔbɔe dzi va ɖo xɔ kɔkɔwo kple xɔ tɔxɛwo abe tɔdzisasrãwo, mɔdodowo, kple tsiléƒe siwo léa tsi ɖe te ene dzi.
Ŋusẽ kple nusiwo nɔa anyi didina: gakpo ƒe ŋusẽ si le dzɔdzɔme nu na be formwork ƒomevi sia sɔ nyuie na dɔ siwo bia be woawɔ nu pɛpɛpɛ ŋutɔ eye woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu veviwo nu.
Ga si woate ŋu azã ake: Nusiwo ɖe dzesi le gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme ŋu dometɔ ɖekae nye eƒe nu geɖe si woate ŋu azã ake, si wɔe be mexɔa ga geɖe le dɔ gãwo alo ɣeyiɣi didi me o.
Nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome: Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ naa kɔkrit si le gbadzaa la nɔa anyi ɣesiaɣi, si wɔnɛ be womegahiãa nuwuwudɔ bubuwo o.
Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie: Modular Nature kple Kaba ƒe Kpekpe/Dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ le gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme ŋu kpena ɖe xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo ŋu kabakaba wu kple dɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu.
Dɔ tɔxɛwo: Le nuto siwo le abe xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu, xɔtuɖoɖowo, kple xɔ siwo léa tsi ɖe te ene me la, gakpowo wɔwɔ naa viɖe tɔxɛ siwo formwork ƒomevi bubuwo ate ŋu aʋli vevie be woasɔ.
Kuxiwo: Togbɔ be viɖe geɖe le gakpowo ŋu hã la, wo kple kuxiwo abe gazazã gbãtɔ siwo lolo wu, kpekpeme ŋu bubu, kple seɖoƒe siwo ate ŋu anɔ nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ ŋutɔ wɔwɔ me ene.
B. Etsɔme ƒe mɔkpɔkpɔ na gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le xɔtutu me .
Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Ðekawɔwɔ: Anɔ eme be gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe etsɔme abia be woawɔ ɖeka kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siwo wozãna le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me geɖe wu. Esia ate ŋu anye sensorwo hena ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me ŋkuléle ɖe formwork ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple ɖekawɔwɔ ŋu, alo ɖekawɔwɔ kple Xɔtunyatakakawo ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu (BIM) hena ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple ewɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ wu.
Nusiwo li tegbee ƒe susu: Esi xɔtudɔwɔƒewo le zɔzɔm ɖe nuwɔna siwo li tegbee wu ŋu la, míate ŋu akpɔ nu yeyewo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ me be woaɖe nuwo zazã dzi akpɔtɔ esime wole ŋusẽ me ɖe asi, kpakple gakpo siwo wogbugbɔ zãna zazã geɖe wu le formwork wɔwɔ me.
Automation kple robotwo: Wotoa automated assembly kple disassembly systems vɛ na steel formwork ate ŋu ana dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi le xɔtudɔwo wɔƒe.
Hybrid Systems: Míate ŋu akpɔ dzidziɖedzi le hybrid formwork systems siwo ƒoa gakpo ƒe ŋusẽwo nu ƒu kple nu bubuwo abe aluminum alo advanced composites ene, si naa formwork ƒomevi geɖe ƒe nyuitɔ kekeake.
Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmeawo ŋu kple asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Ŋgɔyiyi le nuwo wɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo me ate ŋu ana woate ŋu atrɔ asi le gakpowo wɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le bɔbɔe ŋu, si ana woate ŋu atrɔ asi le xɔtuɖaŋuwo ŋu geɖe wu evɔ womatsɔ viɖe siwo le dzidzenuwo ɖoɖo me la asa vɔe o.
Dedienɔnɔ ƒe ŋgɔyiyi: Dɔwɔlawo ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe susu tsɔtsɔ yi edzi ate ŋu aʋã nu yeyewo wɔwɔ le nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me, abe anyidzedze takpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ ɖekae alo ergonomics siwo nyo wu hena wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ kple wo ƒoƒo ƒu ene.
Asitsatsa ƒe kekeɖenudɔ: Esi dukɔ madeŋgɔwo yi edzi le ga dem xɔtuɖaŋuwo kple dugãwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi me la, anɔ eme be xexeame katã ƒe asi si woatsɔ awɔ gakpowoe la akeke ta, si ate ŋu aʋã nu yeyewo kple gazazã nyuie.
Le nyataƒoƒo me la, gakpowo ƒe wɔwɔme gakpɔtɔ nye egbegbe xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe dzogoedzikpe, si ŋu wodea asixɔxɔe le eƒe ŋusẽ, eƒe anyinɔnɔ, kple alesi wòte ŋu wɔa nu vovovowoe ta. Togbɔ be ɖewohĩ manye egbɔkpɔnu nyuitɔ kekeake na xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe o hã la, eƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo kple nu yeye siwo yia edzi la kpɔa egbɔ be gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ayi edzi awɔ akpa vevi aɖe le nɔnɔme si wotu me. Esi xɔtutu ƒe kuxiwo va le sesẽm ɖe edzi eye dɔwɔƒea le agbagba dzem be yeawɔ dɔ nyuie wu eye wòanɔ anyi ɖaa la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le nɔnɔme nyui me be wòatrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmeawo ŋu ahatrɔ asi le eŋu, akpɔ xɔtudɔwo ƒe nuhiahiã siwo le tɔtrɔm gbɔ.
Gaŋutiɖoɖodɔwɔwɔ ƒe etsɔme dze abe ɖe ŋugbedodo le eme ene, eye ŋgɔyiyi siwo ate ŋu adzɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya, nusiwo li tegbee, kple aɖaŋuwɔwɔ me be woatsɔ ado eƒe ŋutetewo ɖe ŋgɔ eye wòakeke eƒe dɔwɔwɔwo ɖe enu wu. Esi míele ŋgɔ yim la, ɖikeke mele eme o be gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ayi edzi anye akpa vevi aɖe le xɔ siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, eye woto nu yeyewo vɛ tutu me le xexeame godoo.
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