Aleke nèbua akɔnta le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu?

I. Ŋgɔdonya

 

Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtuɖaŋu nye nu vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, si naa aŋɔ si me wokɔa kɔkrit ɖo be woatsɔ awɔ xɔtunuwoe. Enye ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe xɔ si wowɔ be wòaxɔ kɔkrit xɔdzo ahawɔ eƒe nɔnɔme vaseɖe esime wòasesẽ ale gbegbe be wòalé eƒe nɔnɔme me ɖe asi. Womate ŋu agblɔ akɔntabubu si sɔ na xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe vevienyenye wòagbɔ eme o, elabena ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtudɔwo ƒe nyonyome, dedienɔnɔ, kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie dzi tẽ.

 

Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe va xɔ ŋkɔ wu ati siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunu xoxowo le viɖe geɖe siwo le eŋu ta:

 

1. Enɔa anyi eteƒe didina: Woate ŋu agazã gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo zi gbɔ zi geɖe, si wɔnɛ be ga megazãa ga geɖe le dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ me o.

2. Nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ: Enaa kɔkrit ƒe nuwuwu nɔa bɔbɔe wu eye wònaa woƒe didime dea pɛpɛpɛ wu.

3. Ŋusẽ: Ga te ŋu nɔa te ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si lolo wu nu, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu akɔe kabakaba wu.

4. Dzo ƒe tsitretsitsi: To vovo na ati siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe la, gakpo mehea dzo ƒe afɔku vɛ le xɔtuƒewo o.

5. Nusiwo li tegbee: Gakpo ƒe xɔtunu siwo woate ŋu azã ake la ɖea gbeɖuɖɔ siwo dona le xɔtutu me dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

Akɔntabubu nyuie le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu le vevie le susu geɖe ta:

 

- Xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye: Formwork si wobu akɔnta nyuie la kpɔa egbɔ be kɔnkrit xɔtuɖoɖoa léa eƒe nɔnɔme kple ŋusẽ si woɖo be wòanɔ la me ɖe asi.

- Gazazã nyuie: Akɔntabubu siwo sɔ xea mɔ na nuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ fũ akpa eye wòɖea gbeɖuɖɔ dzi kpɔtɔna.

- Dedienɔnɔ: Formwork si wowɔ nyuie ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit xɔdzo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo nu, si aɖe afɔku si le formwork ƒe gbagbã me dzi akpɔtɔ.

- Dɔa ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo: Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie kple akɔntabubu ate ŋu ana xɔtutua nawɔ kabakaba.

 

Le nyati sia me la, míadzro alesi gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe akɔntabubu sesẽe me, eye míalé fɔ ɖe gli ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu etɔxɛe. Míaƒo nu tso gɔmedzenuawo ŋu, míaku akɔntabubumɔnu tɔxɛwo me, eye míadzro aɖaŋu deŋgɔwo kple wo zazã me. Èɖanye xɔtuɖaŋunyala alo xɔtuɖaŋusrɔ̃vi o, mɔfiame sia si me kɔ nyuie ana nàse gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe akɔntabubu gɔme nyuie wu.

 

II. Steel Formwork ƒe Gɔmeɖosewo Gɔmesese

 

Hafi nàge ɖe akɔntabubuawo me la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be nàse gakpo ƒe akpa veviwo kple eƒe ƒomeviwo gɔme. Sidzedze siae nye gɔmeɖoanyi na nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple akɔntabubu si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ.

 

A. Gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe akpa aɖewo

 

1. Panels: Esiawoe nye nu vevi siwo doa ka kple kɔnkrit la tẽ. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo siwo wotsɔ vuvɔ wɔe alo esiwo woxatsa dzoe, siwo wowɔ be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit xɔdzo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu nu, wɔa gakpowoe.

 

2. Kadodowo: Esiawo nye teteɖeanyi ƒe akpa siwo léa xɔtunuawo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe kɔkrit ƒe axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo si sesẽ ŋutɔ wɔa wo eye woate ŋu aɖe wo ɖa alo anɔ anyi ɖe kɔkrit la me.

 

3. Wedges: Wozãnɛ kpe ɖe kaƒoƒo ŋu, eye wedges naa mɔnu kabakaba si wɔa dɔ nyuie si dzi woato abla xɔtunua ƒe ɖoɖoa sesĩe ahaɖee ɖa.

 

4. Nusiwo doa ŋusẽe: Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye walers, strongbacks, kple braces siwo naa kpekpeɖeŋu bubu na formwork la, si wɔnɛ be wòléa eƒe nɔnɔme me ɖe asi le agba me.

 

B. Ga ƒomevi siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe

 

1. Gli dzi gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme: Esiae nye nu vevitɔ si ŋu míaƒe nyatia ku ɖo. Wotrɔ asi le gli ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu be woawɔ kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo le tsitrenu eye woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu wòasɔ ɖe gli ƒe titrime kple kɔkɔme vovovowo nu.

 

2. Sɔtiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetata: Wozãnɛ tsɔ wɔa kɔkrit sɔti siwo le tsitrenu, eye woate ŋu anye dzogoe ene me, dzogoe ene me, alo gota le woƒe akpa si wotso.

 

3. Slab formwork: Esia ƒomevi doa alɔ kɔnkrit nusiwo le tsia dzi abe anyigba kple dzisasrãwo ene.

 

4. Beam formwork: Wotrɔ asi le eŋu be woawɔ kɔnkrit-ti siwo le tsia dzi alo esiwo le tsia dzi.

 

C. Dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu

 

Dedienɔnɔ le vevie wu ne wole dɔ wɔm kple gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo. Nu vevi siwo ŋu woabu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

 

- Kpekpe kple bracing nyuie be woaxe mɔ ɖe mumu nu

- Dzodzro edziedzi be nu gblẽ alo vuvu hã

- Mɔɖeɖe si sɔ na dɔwɔlawo le tsia kɔklɔ kple dɔmedzoedonameɣi

- Nutomenuwo abe ya ƒe agbawo ene ŋu bubu

- Hehenana nyuie na dɔwɔla siwo le formwork dzi kpɔm

 

Nu vevi siawo gɔmesese le vevie na amesiame si kpɔa gome le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe akɔntabubu kple eƒe nɔnɔme wɔwɔ me. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míaku nu me tsitotsito le gɔmeɖose siwo le akɔntabubu ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ŋu, siwo tu ɖe gɔmeɖoanyi sidzedze sia dzi.

 

III. Gɔmeɖose Siwo Ku Ðe Akɔntabubu Ŋu le Formwork Ŋu

 

Akɔntabubu nyuie le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu lɔ gɔmeɖose vevi geɖe ɖe eme. Gɔmeɖose siawo kpɔa egbɔ be xɔtunua te ŋu léa kɔkrit la dedie eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie esime wòléa xɔ mamlɛtɔ ƒe nɔnɔme kple didime si wodi la me ɖe asi.

 

A. Anyigba ƒe lolome ƒe akɔntabubu

 

Afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ si wowɔna le akɔntabubu le xɔmenuwo ŋue nye be woanya kɔkrit la ƒe anyigba ƒe lolome si wòle be woaxe. Esia toa vovo le xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe akpa si ƒomevi le nu:

 

- Na gliwo: Anyigbamama = Didime × Kɔkɔme

- Na sɔtiwo: Anyigbamama = Goglome × Kɔkɔme

- Na kpe gbadzɛwo: Anyigbamama = Didime × Kekeme

- Na beams: Anyigbamama = (2 × Goglome + Kekeme) × Didime

 

Ele vevie be míade dzesii be esiawo nye akɔntabubu veviwo eye ate ŋu ahiã be woatrɔ asi le wo ŋu na nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ wu alo ne wole akɔnta bum le ʋuʋu abe fesrewo kple ʋɔtruwo ene ŋu.

 

B. Nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu bubu

 

Kɔkrit dea nyaƒoɖeamenu gã aɖe ɖe xɔmenuwo dzi, vevietɔ le ekɔklɔɣi. Nyaƒoɖeamenu sia mewɔ ɖeka o eye wòtoa vovo le eƒe goglome nu. Zi geɖe la, nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ gbɔ wu la dzɔna le agbalẽvia ƒe gɔme. Woate ŋu azã mɔfiame si gbɔna atsɔ abu nyaƒoɖeamenua:

 

P = γ × h ƒe xexlẽme

 

Afi ka:

P = Nyaƒoɖeamenu

γ = Kɔkrit ƒe kpekpeme ɖeka (zi geɖe la, anɔ abe kilogram 2400/m 3 ene ) .

h = Kɔkrit ƒe kɔkɔme

 

Le gli siwo kɔkɔ wu abe meta 4 ene gome la, nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ gbɔ wu ate ŋu anɔ sue wu tsi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu bliboa le esi woɖo kɔkrit ɖe ete le gɔmedzedzea me ta.

 

C. Agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete

 

Ele be woatrɔ asi le xɔtunua ŋu be wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe menye kɔkrit la ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖeɖeko nu o, ke ele be wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe agba bubuwo abe:

 

- Kpekpeme si le formwork la ŋutɔ ŋu

- Dɔwɔlawo kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe kpekpeme

- Agba siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu tso kɔnkrit ɖoɖo me

- Ya ƒe agbawo (na xɔ kɔkɔwo) .

 

Agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete bliboa si hiã la nye nu siawo katã ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, eye wozã dedienɔnɔ ƒe akpa si sɔ.

 

D. Nusi woate ŋu azã ake

 

Viɖe siwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu dometɔ ɖekae nye be woate ŋu azãe ake. Gake ele be woabu esia ŋu le akɔntabubuwo me:

 

- Agbɔsɔsɔ si wogbugbɔ zãna kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ga si wozãna ɖe agbalẽdzraɖoƒea ŋu dzi

- Ne wozãe enuenu ate ŋu ana wòavuvu eye wòatrɔ vie, si ŋu wòle be woabu akɔnta le le akɔntabubu siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ me

- Ele be woabu alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woakɔ xɔmenuwo ŋu ahalé be na wo le wo zazã dome

 

To gɔmeɖose siawo ŋudɔwɔwɔ me la, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo kple xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be yewoƒe gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe akɔntabubuwo de pɛpɛpɛ eye wosɔ pɛpɛpɛ. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míalé fɔ ɖe gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa gliwoe ƒe akɔntabubu ŋu koŋ, si nye nusiwo wozãna wu le xɔtutu me dometɔ ɖeka.

 

IV. Ga ƒe Akɔntabubu na Gliwo

 

Gli ƒe nɔnɔmetata nye nusiwo wozãna zi geɖe le gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu me le xɔtutu me la dometɔ ɖeka. Gli ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe akɔntabubu nyuie le vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtunuwo le blibo eye woazã nuwo nyuie wu. Mina míagbã alesi wobua gakpo ƒe xɔtunu si wotsɔ wɔa gliwoe la me.

 

A. Gli ƒe didime dzidzedze

 

Afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ si woawɔ le akɔntabubu le gli ƒe nɔnɔme ŋue nye be woadzidze gli la ƒe didime pɛpɛpɛ:

 

1. Didime: Gli la ƒe kekeme le tsia dzi

2. Kɔkɔme: Afisi wòkeke ɖo le tsitrenu tso eƒe gɔme va ɖo gli la tame

3. Titrime: Gli la ƒe goglome tso mo ɖeka dzi yi bubu dzi

 

Ele be woadzidze dzidzenu siawo tso xɔtuɖaŋu alo xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo me, kple teƒea ƒe kpeɖodzi ɖesiaɖe si hiã.

 

B. Mɔfiame na gli ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe teƒe

 

Mɔnu vevitɔ si dzi woato abu akɔnta le gli ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe lolome ŋue nye:

 

Anyigba ƒe lolome = 2 × (Didime × Kɔkɔme) + 2 × (Titrime × Kɔkɔme)

 

Mɔfiame siae na gli la ƒe mo (eyata wodzii ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi 2) kple gli la ƒe goawo (si wotsɔ titrime tsi tre ɖi na) siaa.

 

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ne gli si didi meta 10, kɔkɔ meta 3, eye titrime meta 0.3 le mía si la, akɔntabubua anye:

 

Anyigba ƒe lolome = 2 × (10 × 3) + 2 × (0.3 × 3) .

    = 60 + 1.8 ƒe xexlẽme

    = meta 61.8 le dzogoe ene me

 

C. Asitɔtrɔ le ʋuʋu ŋu

 

Le gli akpa gãtɔ me la, ʋɔtruwo anɔ anyi na fesrewo, ʋɔtruwo, alo nu bubuwo wɔwɔ. Ele be woaɖe esiawo ɖa le xɔtunua ƒe lolome bliboa me:

 

Afisi Wotrɔ Asi Le = Gli ƒe Anyigbamama Katã - Afisi Woʋuwo Le

 

Le ʋuʋu ɖesiaɖe gome la, bu eƒe lolome eye nàɖee le wo katã me. Ðo ŋku edzi be zi geɖe la, ʋuƒoawo ƒe goawo hiãa xɔmenuwo ƒe wɔwɔme bubuwo, eyata ele be woagatsɔ esiawo akpe ɖe wo ŋu ake.

 

D. Nusiwo ƒo xlã wo nɔewo kple gbeɖuɖɔwo ŋu bubu

 

Le nuwɔna me la, xɔtunu siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwo mesɔ ɖe gliawo ƒe didime nu pɛpɛpɛ o. Woanɔ afisiwo ʋuƒoawo do go le, eye gbeɖuɖɔ aɖewo anɔ afisiwo wòahiã be woatso ʋuƒoawo be woasɔ le. Nuwɔna si bɔ enye be woatsɔ 5-10% akpe ɖe teƒe si wobu akɔnta le ŋu be woabu akɔnta le nu siawo ŋu:

 

Nuto Mamlɛtɔ si Woawɔ Dɔwɔnu = Afisi Wotrɔ Asi Le × 1.05 va ɖo 1.10

 

E. Nu bubu siwo ŋu woabu

 

- Dzogoewo dzi dɔdamɔnu: Dzogoewo ate ŋu abia be woawɔ formwork ƒe akpa tɔxɛwo alo woatrɔ asi le wo ŋu.

- Tie dometsotso: Ele be woabu kaƒoƒo ƒe xexlẽme kple dometsotso ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple formwork ƒe ŋusẽ nu.

- Nudidi siwo hiã be woatsɔ abla gli: Ate ŋu ahiã be woatsɔ akɔtaɖonu bubuwo akpe ɖe gli kɔkɔwo alo didiwo ŋu.

 

Ne èwɔ ɖe afɔɖeɖe siawo dzi la, àte ŋu abu gakpo agbɔsɔsɔme si hiã be woatsɔ atu gli la nyuie. Dɔwɔwɔ sia kpɔa egbɔ be èbia nuwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ, si wɔnɛ be gazazãwo nyona ɖe edzi eye wòɖea gbeɖuɖɔ dzi kpɔtɔna. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míalé ŋku ɖe akɔntabubu tɔxɛwo ŋu na xɔtuɖaŋu bubuwo.

 

V. Akɔntabubu Tɔxɛwo na Dɔwɔnu Bubuwo

 

Togbɔ be gli ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo bɔ hã la, xɔtunu bubuwo hiã be woawɔ akɔntabubu tɔxɛwo le xɔtunuwo ŋu. Mina míadzro alesi woabu gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme si wotsɔ wɔa sɔtiwo, kpe gbadzɛwo, atikpowo, kple afɔtiwoe me.

 

A. Sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmetata ƒe akɔntabubu

 

Sɔtiwo nye xɔtunu siwo le tsitrenu siwo hiãa xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛ zi geɖe. Akɔntabubu na sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmetata nɔ te ɖe sɔti ƒe nɔnɔme dzi:

 

1. Le sɔti siwo le dzogoe ene me alo esiwo le dzogoe ene me gome la:

   Anyigba ƒe lolome = 4 × Kekeme × Kɔkɔme

 

2. Na sɔti siwo le gota gome la:

   Anyigba ƒe lolome = π × Kekeme × Kɔkɔme

 

Ðo ŋku edzi nàtsɔ bubuwo akpe ɖe sɔti la ƒe gɔme ne womele ekɔm ɖe edzi abe kpe gbadzɛ aɖe ƒe akpa aɖe ene o.

 

B. Slab formwork ƒe akɔntabubu

 

Slab formwork ƒe akɔntabubuwo le tẽ vie:

 

Nuto = Didime × Kekeme

 

Gake ele be nàbu akɔnta le:

- Edge formwork: Goglome × Goglome le slab

- Kpekpeɖeŋunanuwo: Atiwo, xɔtunuwo, kple nusiwo wotsɔ léa nu ɖe ​​te siwo hiã be woatsɔ alé kɔkrit xɔdzoa ƒe kpekpeme ɖe te

 

C. Beam formwork ƒe akɔntabubu

 

Beam formwork bia be woabu akɔnta le axa etɔ̃ (axa eve kple ete), elabena zi geɖe la, wogblẽa etame wòʋuna be woakɔe:

 

Nuto = (2 × Goglome + Kekeme) × Didime

 

Mègaŋlɔ be be yeabu akɔnta le alesi atikpowo kple sɔtiwo alo gliwo do goe ŋu o.

 

D. Afɔdzideƒe ƒe nɔnɔmetata ƒe akɔntabubu

 

Afɔdzideƒe ƒe nɔnɔme toa vovo le afɔti ƒomevi si wotsɔ wɔe nu:

 

1. Na afɔti siwo le dzogoe ene me bɔbɔe la:

   Anyigba ƒe lolome = 4 × Kekeme × Goglome

 

2. Le afɔti siwo dzi woda afɔ ɖo gome la, bu afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe ɖe vovo eye nàƒo emetsonuwo nu ƒu.

 

Ðo ŋku edzi nàbu akɔnta le axa ɖesiaɖe si le gbadzaa le afɔti siwo kaka me ŋu.

 

Ne èse akɔntabubu tɔxɛ siawo gɔme la, àte ŋu anya gakpo siwo woatsɔ awɔ xɔtunu vovovo siwo le wò xɔtudɔa me la nyuie. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míadzro nusiwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe akɔntabubu siawo dzi kple alesi woabu akɔntae me.

 

VI. Nusiwo Kpɔa Ŋusẽ Ðe Ga ƒe Akɔntabubuwo Dzi

 

Togbɔ be akɔntabubu vevi siwo wowɔna le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu le tẽ hã la, nu geɖe ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe alesi woawɔe mamlɛtɔ kple alesi woawɔe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si hiã la dzi. Nu siawo gɔmesese kple akɔntabubu le wo ŋu le vevie ŋutɔ na agbalẽviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie eye wòanɔ dedie.

 

A. Kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu

 

Nyaƒoɖeamenu si kɔkrit si xɔ dzo hena vɛ nye nu vevi siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe wɔwɔme dzi la dometɔ ɖeka:

 

- Axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu dzina ɖe edzi ne tsi si wokɔ ɖe eme la goglo

- Alesi wokɔa tsiae kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi (wokɔna kabakaba wu hea nyaƒoɖeamenu si lolo wu vɛ) .

- Konkrit tsakatsaka ƒe nɔnɔme (le kpɔɖeŋu me, slump, aggregate size) kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi

- Dzoxɔxɔ kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi eye to esia me kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe ɣeyiɣi didime dzi

 

Ele be woatrɔ asi le xɔtunua ŋu be wòanɔ te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu si wokpɔ mɔ na si sɔ gbɔ wu nu, si dzɔna zi geɖe le agbalẽvia ƒe gɔme.

 

B. Ya ƒe agbawo

 

Le xɔ kɔkɔwo alo teƒe siwo ya ƒoa sesĩe le gome la, ya ƒe agba va zua nu vevi aɖe:

 

- Ya ateŋu ahe axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu bubuwo vɛ ɖe formwork la dzi

- Ele be woabu dziyiyi ƒe ŋusẽwo ŋu, vevietɔ na anyigba gã siwo le tsia dzi

- Ya ƒe agbawo ate ŋu abia be woatsɔ akɔtaɖonu bubuwo alo abla wo ɖe anyi

 

Ele be woanɔ te ɖe nutoa me xɔtuɖoɖowo kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti nyatakakawo dzi abu ya ƒe agbawo.

 

C. Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ

 

Dzoxɔxɔ ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe formwork dzi le mɔ vovovowo nu:

 

- Dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme ate ŋu ana gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nakeke alo aɖiɖi

- Yame ƒe fafa ate ŋu ahe kɔnkrit ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe megbe, si ana nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖe ​​xɔmenuwo ŋu nadidi

- Yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ate ŋu ana woaɖoe kabakaba, si ate ŋu ana woaɖe formwork ɖa kaba

 

Ele be woabu dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo ŋu le xɔmenuwo ƒe wɔwɔme kple kɔnkrit kɔklɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi me.

 

D. Formwork kpekpe kple eɖeɖe ɣeyiɣi

 

Ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aƒo agbalẽviwo nu ƒu ahaɖe wo ɖa ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dɔa ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖiwo kple gazazãwo dzi:

 

- Aɖaŋu siwo sesẽ ate ŋu abia ɣeyiɣi geɖe wu hena wo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo ɖeɖe ɖa

- Nusiwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna ateŋu awɔ dɔa kabakaba to amenyanya kple ŋutete si le modular designs ŋu me

- Dɔwɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋu ƒe seƒe kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aƒo nuwo nu ƒu kple wo ɖeɖe ɖa dzi

 

Ele be woabu nu siawo ŋu ne wole tiatia wɔm le xɔtunu alo aɖaŋu vovovowo dome.

 

E. Kɔnkrit ƒe nuwuwu ƒe nudidiwo

 

Alesi wodi be woatsɔ awu kɔkrit ƒe anyigba dzii ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe alesi woawɔ tiatia kple alesi woawɔe dzi:

 

- Nuwuwu siwo le gbadzaa la bia be woawɔ xɔtunu siwo le nyonyome nyuitɔ me, siwo ŋu wodzra ɖo nyuie

- Textured finishes ate ŋu abia form liners tɔxɛwo

- Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kɔnkrit ate ŋu anye nudidi sesẽwo na nɔnɔme ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kple ka ƒe do ƒe nɔnɔmewo

 

F. Teƒea ƒe nɔnɔmewo

 

Teƒea ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le nutoa me ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe akɔntabubu siwo wowɔna le agbalẽdzraɖoƒewo dzi vevie:

 

- Mɔɖeɖe si seɖoƒe li na ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe formwork panels siwo woate ŋu azã ƒe lolome nu

- Anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ƒutawo kple akɔtaɖonuwo ƒe liƒo dzi

- Tete ɖe xɔ bubuwo ŋu ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe teƒe nu eye wòakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ dzi

 

Ne mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo kple xɔtudɔwɔlawo bu nu siawo ŋu nyuie la, woate ŋu atrɔ asi le woƒe gakpowo ƒe akɔntabubuwo ŋu be woakpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ gakpowo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo le dedie, wowɔa dɔ nyuie, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míadzro dɔwɔnu kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siwo li siwo akpe ɖe akɔntabubu sesẽ siawo ŋu me.

 

VII. Dɔwɔnuwo Kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Siwo Wozãna Na Ga Siwo Wotsɔ Wɔa Akɔntabubu

 

Alesi gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe akɔntabubu sesẽe na woto dɔwɔnu kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya vovovowo vɛ be woatsɔ akpe ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo kple xɔtudɔwɔlawo ŋu. Esiawo tso agbalẽvi bɔbɔewo dzi va ɖo kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo deŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖeka kple Building Information Modeling (BIM) ɖoɖowo dzi.

 

A. Akɔntabubu siwo wowɔna kple asi siwo wowɔna tso blema ke

 

Togbɔ be mebɔ egbea o hã la, wogazãa akɔntabubu siwo wowɔ kple asi siwo zãa mɔfiamewo kple kplɔ̃wo kokoko, vevietɔ na dɔ bɔbɔewo alo akɔntabubu kabakabawo. Zi geɖe la, esiawo lɔ:

 

- Akɔntabubu veviwo na teƒe kple lolome ƒe akɔntabubuwo

- Nuƒoƒo tso kplɔ̃ siwo woɖo ɖi ŋu na kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo kple xɔmenuwo ƒe ŋutetewo

- Dedienɔnɔnuwo zazã atsɔ abu akɔnta le kakaɖedzimanɔamesiwo ŋu

 

Asi ƒe akɔntabubu bia be woase xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe gɔmeɖosewo gɔme nyuie eye ate ŋu axɔ ɣeyiɣi geɖe na xɔtunu sesẽwo.

 

B. Akɔntabubumɔ̃ siwo wotu ɖe spreadsheet dzi

 

Spreadsheets na afɔɖeɖe aɖe yi ŋgɔ wu akɔntabubu siwo wowɔ kple asi, si ɖea mɔ na:

 

- Akɔntabubu kabakaba na nu geɖewo

- Asitɔtrɔ bɔbɔe le tɔtrɔwo ŋu

- Gɔmedzedze vodadawo me dzodzro kple mɔfiame ƒe kpeɖodzi

- Wowɔa custom templates na formwork ƒomevi vovovowo

 

Xɔtudɔwɔƒe geɖe wɔ woawo ŋutɔ ƒe dɔwɔnu siwo wotsɔ ŋlɔa nu ɖe ​​agbalẽ dzi siwo sɔ ɖe woƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo kple xɔtuɖaŋuwo nu.

 

C. Kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖe si bua akɔnta le agbalẽviwo ŋu

 

Wotrɔ asi le kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo geɖe ŋu koŋ na akɔntabubu le agbalẽviwo ŋu:

 

- Zi geɖe la, esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye agbalẽdzraɖoƒe siwo nye standard formwork components

- Woate ŋu awɔ nyaƒoɖeamenu kple agba ƒe akɔntabubu sesẽwo

- Geɖewo naa 2D alo 3D nukpɔkpɔ le formwork ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu

- Wo dometɔ aɖewo dea gazazã ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe nɔnɔmewo me

 

Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye PERI CAD, Doka Tipos, kple MEVA CAD.

 

D. BIM ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae na ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe agbalẽviwo ŋu

 

Xɔtunyatakakawo Ŋuti Kpɔɖeŋu (BIM) trɔ asi le xɔtuɖoɖowo ŋu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ:

 

1. 4D BIM na ɖoɖowɔwɔ:

   - Eɖe mɔ be woakpɔ formwork ɖoɖo kple eɖeɖe ƒe ɖoɖowo le susu me

   - Kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woade dzesi masɔmasɔ siwo ate ŋu ado mo ɖa le formwork zazã me le dɔa ƒe akpa vovovowo

   - Enaa wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu le formwork gbugbɔgazã kple gasɔdodo

 

2. 5D BIM na gazazã ƒe akɔntabubu:

   - Ewɔa formwork agbɔsɔsɔmewo kple gazazã ŋuti nyatakakawo ɖekae

   - Enaa woate ŋu atsɔ formwork mɔnu vovovowo asɔ kple wo nɔewo kabakaba

   - Enaa gazazã ŋuti ɖoɖo si sɔ kple gazazã dzi kpɔkpɔ nɔa bɔbɔe

 

BIM-integrated formwork planning ate ŋu ana dɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye wòaɖe vodadawo dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

E. Dɔwɔnu deŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ wɔa nɔnɔmetatawoe

 

Le dɔ sesẽwo gome la, woate ŋu azã dɔwɔnu deŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ wɔa nɔnɔmetatawoe:

 

- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) na xɔtuɖoɖo me dzodzro le formwork le agba te

- Akɔntabubu ƒe Tsiŋusẽ (CFD) hena kɔnkrit ƒe sisi kple nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ

- Virtual Reality (VR) na hehenana kple nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ le formwork kpekpe sesẽwo ŋu

 

Dɔwɔnu siawo ate ŋu ana gɔmesese siwo kpɔkpɔ sesẽ alo manya wɔ to mɔnu xoxowo dzi o.

 

To dɔwɔnu kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siawo zazã me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu ana woƒe gakpowo ƒe akɔntabubuwo ƒe nyateƒetoto, dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, kple dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ. Dɔwɔnu tiatia nɔ te ɖe dɔa ƒe sesẽ, nunɔamesi siwo li, kple xɔtuha la ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo dzi. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míadzro mɔnu siwo dzi woato ana gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo zazã nyuie wu la me.

 

VIII. Steel Formwork Zazã Nyuie Wu

 

Gakpowo zazã nyuie ate ŋu ana woaɖe gazazã dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ, woawɔ dɔ nyuie wu, eye woana dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi le xɔtudɔwo me. Mɔnu vevi aɖewo siwo dzi woato ana gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo naɖe vi geɖe wue nye esi:

 

A. Modular design gɔmeɖosewo

 

Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe gɔmeɖosewo dzi wɔwɔ ate ŋu ana gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ:

 

- Trɔ asi le panel ƒe lolome ŋu le afisi wòanya wɔ le be woadzi asitɔtrɔ le wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe edzi

- Trɔ asi le xɔtuɖoɖowo ŋu kple nusiwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna be woagazã formwork ake

- Zã akpa siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le be woawɔ ɖe tɔtrɔ suesuesue siwo le didime me dzi

 

Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe wɔwɔme ate ŋu aɖe ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aƒo nuwo nu ƒui dzi akpɔtɔ, aɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana alesi woagazã xɔmenuwo ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe ake.

 

B. Dzesidede na formwork ƒe akpawo

 

Dzidzenuwɔwɔ zɔna aduadu kple modular design:

 

- Woawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe akpawo ŋu na xɔtunu siwo bɔ

- Wɔ kpekpe ŋuti mɔfiame tsitotsito na ɖoɖowɔɖi siwo sɔ

- Hehe dɔwɔlawo le ɖoɖo nyuiwo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo ɖeɖeɖa me

 

Dzidzenuwɔwɔ ɖea vodadawo dzi kpɔtɔna, enaa nuwo ƒoƒo ƒu kabakaba, eye wònana wònɔa bɔbɔe be  woabu nuwo ƒe hiahiã na dɔ siwo woawɔ le etsɔme.

 

C. Dzadzraɖo kple edzadzraɖo nyuie

 

Gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo dzi kpɔkpɔ nyuie ate ŋu ana eƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye wòalé eƒe nyonyome me ɖe asi:

 

- Klɔ xɔmenuwo ŋu nyuie le ezazã ɖesiaɖe megbe be kɔnkrit nagaƒo ƒu o

- Dzro xɔmenuwo me edziedzi be egblẽ alo vuvu hã, eye nàdzrae ɖo alo aɖɔlii ne ehiã

- De atike siwo ɖea asi le nu ŋu nyuie be wòanɔ bɔbɔe be woaɖee ɖa eye wòakpɔ xɔmenuwo ƒe anyigba ta

- Dzra formwork ɖo ɖe teƒe ƒuƒui si wotsyɔ be gbeɖuɖɔ kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme nagagblẽ o

 

Menye ɖeko xɔtunu si wodzra ɖo nyuie la nɔa anyi didi ko o, ke enaa kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo nyo wu hã dona.

 

D. Formwork kekefɔkpa ƒe mɔnu nyuiwo

 

Ne wowɔ xɔmenuwo ƒe gasɔdodo nyuie wu la, ate ŋu ana dɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ:

 

- Wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe kɔnkrit kɔklɔ ŋu be woate ŋu agazã xɔmenuwo nyuie wu

- Zã kɔnkrit tsakatsaka siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le kaba be woaɖe mɔ na xɔmenuwo ɖeɖe kabakaba le afisi wòsɔ le

- Woawɔ ɖoɖo aɖe si dzi woato alé ŋku ɖe formwork zazã kple teƒe si wole le teƒea ŋu

- Bu formwork ƒomevi vovovowo zazã ŋu na dɔa ƒe akpa vovovowo (le kpɔɖeŋu me, jump forms na core walls) .

 

Kekefɔfɔ nyuie ate ŋu aɖe xɔtunu siwo katã hiã dzi akpɔtɔ, aɖe gazazãwo dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòaɖe nudzraɖoƒe siwo hiã le teƒea dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

IX. Gazazã Ŋuti Bubu le Gazazã ƒe Akɔntabubu me

 

Togbɔ be mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe akpa siwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe akɔntabubu me le vevie ŋutɔ hã la, gazazã ŋu bubu wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le nyametsotsowɔwɔ me. Ganyawo gɔmesese ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu le aŋɔsisi ƒe kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu si mexɔ asi wu tiatia me.

 

A. Gadede asi le gɔmedzedzea me vs. ga si wodzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi

 

Zi geɖe la, gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo bia be woade ga geɖe do ŋgɔ ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atiwo ƒe xɔtunu si wozãna tsã. Gake enaa ga si woate ŋu adzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi la ɖedzesi aɖe:

 

- Woate ŋu agazã gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo zi geɖe wu ati ƒe xɔtunu

- Alesi gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nɔa anyi didina ɖea ga si wozãna ɖe wo ɖɔliɖɔli ŋu dzi kpɔtɔna le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe

- Nusiwo wotsɔ wu enu siwo ƒe nyonyome de ŋgɔ wu ate ŋu aɖe alesi wòhiã be woawɔ dɔ bubuwo le anyigba dzi dzi akpɔtɔ

 

Ne èle gazazãwo ƒe akɔnta bum la, bu dɔa ƒe agbenɔƒe bliboa kple alesi woate ŋu azãe ake le dɔ siwo woawɔ le etsɔme ŋu.

 

B. Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã ɖe nuwo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo ɖeɖeɖa ŋu

 

Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazãwo nye nu vevi aɖe le ga si wozãna ɖe agbalẽŋlɔmɔ̃wo ŋu me:

 

- Zi geɖe la, gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo mebiaa dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ le wo ƒoƒo ƒu kple wo ɖeɖeɖa me o wu atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo

- Modular kple standardized systems ateŋu aɖe dɔwɔɣi dzi akpɔtɔ geɖe wu

- Woate ŋu abia dɔwɔla bibiwo na gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo sesẽwo, si ate ŋu ana gazazãwo nadzi ɖe edzi

 

Bu nutoa me dɔwɔlawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo li ƒe aɖaŋu ŋu ne èle gazazãwo ƒe akɔnta bum.

 

C. Ʋuɖoɖo kple nudzraɖoƒe ƒe gazazãwo

 

Gakpo ƒe kpekpeme kple akpa gãtɔ ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ʋuɖoɖo kple nudzraɖoƒe ƒe gazazãwo dzi:

 

- Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe kpekpe wu atiwo, si ate ŋu ana ʋuɖoɖo ƒe gazazãwo nadzi ɖe edzi

- Ate ŋu ahiã be woadzra nudzraɖoƒe nyuiwo ɖo be woatsɔ akpɔ gakpowo ta tso yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe nugbegblẽ me

- Ŋutete si le ame si be wòagazã formwork le teƒea ate ŋu aɖe ʋuɖoɖo ƒe hiahiãwo dzi akpɔtɔ

 

Bu ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe agbalẽviwo tsɔtsɔ yi teƒe bubu kple wo dzadzraɖo ŋu ne èle gazazãwo katã ƒe akɔnta bum.

 

D. Beléle na xɔa kple edzadzraɖo ƒe gazazãwo

 

Togbɔ be gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nɔa anyi didina hã la, ebia beléle nɛ:

 

- Dzadzɛnyenye edziedzi kple atike siwo ɖea asi le wo ŋu la zazã

- Dzadzraɖo alo asitɔtrɔ le akpa siwo gblẽ ŋu ɣeaɖewoɣi

- Dɔwɔnu tɔxɛ siwo ate ŋu ahiã hena beléle na wo

 

De gazazã siawo siwo yia edzi la wò gazazã ƒe akɔntabubu siwo anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi la me.

 

X. Ga ƒe Formwork ƒe Akɔntabubu Mɔnu Deŋgɔwo

 

Esi xɔtudɔwo va le sesẽm ɖe edzi la, wole aɖaŋu deŋgɔwo zãm be woatsɔ awɔ gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe nɔnɔme kple akɔntabubu nyuie wu.

 

A. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) na xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ

 

FEA nye dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe si woatsɔ adzro xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe nuwɔna me:

 

1. Nuteɖeamedzi kple teteɖeanyi me dzodzro:

   - De dzesi gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ siwo ate ŋu anɔ xɔmenuwo ƒe wɔwɔme me

   - Na nuzazãwo nanyo ɖe edzi to nuteɖeamedzi ƒe mamawo gɔmesese me

 

2. Deflection nyagblɔɖi:

   - Kpɔ egbɔ be formwork ɖo deflection limits na kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme deŋgɔwo gbɔ

   - Gblɔe ɖi eye nàɖe formwork ƒe kpododonu siwo ate ŋu adzɔ la dzi akpɔtɔ

 

3. Optimization le formwork ƒe titrime:

   - Kpɔe ɖa be formwork panels ƒe titrime nyuitɔ kekeake be ŋusẽ kple kpekpeme nada asɔ

   - Ðe nuwo ƒe asi dzi kpɔtɔ esime nèle xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe blibonyenye me ɖe asi

 

B. Akɔntabubu ƒe Tsiŋusẽ (CFD) na kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe nɔnɔmetata

 

CFD ate ŋu ana gɔmesese veviwo nasu ame si ku ɖe nuwɔna ŋutɔŋutɔ ŋu le ekɔklɔɣi ŋu:

 

1. Kɔkrit ƒe sisi ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ:

   - Gblɔ alesi kɔnkrit asisi le xɔmenuwo me ɖi

   - De dzesi teƒe siwo woate ŋu ama wo ɖokui ɖe vovo alo anɔ anyitsi le

 

2. Agba siwo woatsɔ awɔ agbawo ɖi le ekɔklɔɣi:

   - Bu akɔnta le nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo le ŋusẽ kpɔm ɖe formwork dzi le tsikɔa me

   - Trɔ asi le tsidzadza ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme kple ɖoɖo si nu wole ŋu be woaɖe agba siwo le formwork dzi akpɔtɔ

 

C. Parametric ɖoɖowɔwɔ na formwork ƒe nyonyome

 

Parametric design dɔwɔnuwo ɖea mɔ na iteration kabakaba kple optimization le formwork designs:

 

1. Asitɔtrɔ le xɔmenuwo ƒe didime ŋu le wo ɖokui si:

   - Trɔ asi le formwork ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu kabakaba ɖe tɔtrɔ siwo va le xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe didimewo me ŋu

   - Wɔ custom formwork egbɔkpɔnuwo na geometries sesẽwo

 

2. Aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe tiatiawɔblɔɖe ƒe gbugbɔgawɔ kabakaba:

   - Dzro formwork ƒe ɖoɖo geɖewo me be nàkpɔ egbɔkpɔnu nyuitɔ kekeake

   - Tsɔ formwork system vovovowo sɔ kple wo nɔewo bɔbɔe hena gazazã kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie

 

D. Mɔ̃ sɔsrɔ̃ ƒe akɔntabubuwo na formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nyagblɔɖi

 

Mɔ̃ɖaŋunusɔsrɔ̃ le akpa aɖe wɔm le xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple wo dzi kpɔkpɔ me:

 

1. Ŋutinya me nyatakakawo me dzodzro:

   - Gblɔ formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖi le nyatakaka siwo tso dɔ siwo wowɔ va yi me

   - De dzesi nusiwo nana be wowɔa formwork dzidzedzetɔe

 

2. Beléle na xɔa ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi si wogblɔ ɖi:

   - Gblɔ ɣeyiɣi si me formwork ƒe akpawo ahiã beléle alo wo ɖɔliɖɔli ɖi

   - Na formwork ɖoɖowo ƒe agbenɔƒe kple dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi

 

Mɔnu deŋgɔ siawo le nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ kple akɔntabubu me ƒe liƒowo tum. Woɖea mɔ na xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔnu siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie wu, siwo le dedie wu, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o, vevietɔ na dɔ sesẽwo alo dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ.

 

XI. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutete Dzi Kpɔkpɔ Kple Wo Me Dzodzro le Gakpowo ƒe Dɔwɔnu Me

 

Kakaɖedzi nana be gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe nyonyome kple eƒe blibonyenye le vevie ŋutɔ na kɔnkrit xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ. Ele be woawɔ nyonyomedzikpɔkpɔ kple ŋkuléleɖenuŋu ƒe ɖoɖo si me kɔ nyuie le xɔmenuwo zazã ƒe akpa vovovowo me.

 

A. Do ŋgɔ na kɔklɔ ƒe ɖaseɖiɖi ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ

 

Hafi woakɔ kɔkrit la, ele be woalé ŋku ɖe xɔtunua ŋu nyuie:

 

1. Alignment kple plumbness ƒe kpeɖodzi:

   - Kpɔe ɖa be formwork la sɔ nyuie eye wòle plumb me hã

   - Kpɔ didimewo ɖa le aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo nu

 

2. Tie dometsotso kple eƒe sesẽme ƒe dodokpɔ:

   - Kpɔ egbɔ be kadodoawo dome didi nyuie le nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo wobu akɔnta me nu

   - Kpɔe ɖa be wobla kadodowo katã nyuie hã

 

3. Anyigba dzi dzadzɛnyenye kple dzadzraɖo:

   - Kpɔe ɖa be formwork ƒe anyigbawo le dzadzɛ eye gbeɖuɖɔ mele wo me o

   - Kpɔe ɖa be wozã release agent nyuie hã

 

B. Le tsidzaɣi ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu

 

Lɔlɔ̃ ɖe edzi vevie le kɔnkrit kɔklɔɣi le vevie:

 

1. Kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzidzedze:

   - Zã nyaƒoɖeamenu sensorwo nàtsɔ alé ŋku ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋutɔŋutɔwo ŋu

   - Tsɔe sɔ kple akɔntabubu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo eye nàtrɔ asi le tsi si wokɔ ɖe eme ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ŋu ne ehiã

 

2. Formwork deflection ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu:

   - Kpɔ formwork dzi hena ʋuʋu alo deflection ɖesiaɖe si mèle mɔ kpɔm na o

   - Dzra ɖo be yeatɔ te tsi si wokɔ ɖe eme ne deflections wu seɖoƒe siwo le dedie

 

3. Asitɔtrɔ kple nudede nyawo me le ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me:

   - Wɔ asitɔtrɔ suesuesuewo le formwork ŋu abe alesi wòhiã ene le tsia kɔklɔɣi

   - Dzra ɖo ɖe nudede nyawo me kpata ne nyawo do mo ɖa

 

C. Tsitretsitsi megbe ƒe dodokpɔ

 

Ne wokɔ kɔkrit la heɖoe vɔ la, ele be woawɔ numekuku le kɔkrit megbe:

 

1. Anyigba ƒe nuwuwu ƒe dodokpɔ:

   - Da kɔkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome kpɔ

   - De dzesi nuto ɖesiaɖe si hiã be woaɖɔ ɖo

 

2. Dimensional ƒe nyateƒetoto ƒe kpeɖodzi:

   - Kpɔ kɔkrit si wowɔ vɔ ƒe lolome ɖa le alesi wowɔe ƒe nɔnɔmewo nu

   - De dzesi nusiwo to vovo ɖesiaɖe si ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtutu ƒe akpa siwo akplɔe ɖo dzi

 

3. Formwork ƒe nɔnɔme me dzodzro hena eŋudɔwɔwɔ ake:

   - Dzro formwork me be egblẽ alo vuvu le eɖeɖe vɔ megbe

   - Kpɔe ɖa be ehiã be woadzrae ɖo hafi woagazãe ake

 

D. Dodokpɔmɔnu siwo megblẽa nu o hena formwork ƒe blibonyenye

 

Be woakpɔ egbɔ be gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe blibonyenye yi edzi la, woate ŋu azã dodokpɔmɔnu vovovo siwo megblẽa nu o:

 

1. Ultrasonic dodokpɔ:

   - De dzesi ememe vodadawo alo gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔwo le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe akpawo me

   - Da formwork panels ƒe titrime kpɔ be nàlé ŋku ɖe woƒe vuvu ŋu

 

2. Magnetic-nusuewo me dzodzro:

   - De dzesi anyigba ƒe gogloƒe kple anyigba ƒe gbagbãƒe siwo te ɖe anyigba ŋu le ferromagnetic nuawo me

   - Eɖea vi ŋutɔ na weldwo kple teƒe siwo nuteɖeamedzi le ŋutɔ la me toto

 

3. Radiographic ƒe dodokpɔ:

   - De dzesi ememe nusiwo gblẽ le formwork ƒe akpawo ŋu

   - Viɖe le gakpo ƒe akpa siwo sesẽ alo esiwo le kpekpem ŋu

 

To xɔtuhawo ƒe nyonyome dzi kpɔkpɔ kple wo me toto ƒe ɖoɖo siawo ŋudɔwɔwɔ me la, woate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be woƒe gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa gakpowoe la le dedie, wowɔa dɔ nyuie, eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie. Menye ɖeko esia nana kɔkrit si wowɔ vɔ la ƒe nyonyome nyona ɖe edzi ko o, ke enaa xɔtunua ŋutɔ ƒe agbenɔƒe didi hã.

 

XII. Gazazã ƒe Dɔwɔnu Yeyewo

 

Gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe akpaa le tɔtrɔm ɣesiaɣi, eye nu yeyewo zazã le nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ le kɔnkrit xɔtutu me ƒe liƒowo tum. Mina míadzro dɔwɔwɔ deŋgɔ siawo dometɔ aɖewo me:

 

A. Formwork ɖoɖo siwo woate ŋu alia wo ɖokui na xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu

 

Formwork si woate ŋu ali le wo ɖokui si tsi tre ɖi na ŋgɔyiyi ɖedzesi aɖe le xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu me:

 

1. Tɔdzisasrã siwo wotsɔa tsi wɔe:

   - Na formwork na 'lia' yi dzi ne wowu dzisasrã ɖesiaɖe nu

   - Ðe crane ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi kpɔtɔ eye nàna xɔtutu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi

 

2. Dedienɔnɔ ƒe mɔnu siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae:

   - Na dɔwɔƒe siwo le dedie le kɔkɔƒe

   - Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa yame ƒe nɔnɔme takpɔkpɔ dea eme na dɔwɔlawo

 

3. Automated levelling kple alignment:

   - Kpɔ egbɔ be xɔmenuwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ na anyigba yeye ɖesiaɖe

   - Ðe asitɔtrɔ le asi ŋu ƒe hiahiã dzi akpɔtɔ

 

B. Mɔdodo ƒe nɔnɔme si woatsɔ atu aƒewo kabakaba

 

Mɔdodowo ƒe wɔwɔme le tɔtrɔ gã aɖe wɔm le aƒewo tutu ŋu, vevietɔ na dɔ siwo me wowɔa ɖoɖo ɖe wo ŋu enuenu:

 

1. Modular design na ɖoɖo siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna:

   - Ðe mɔ na xɔtuɖoɖo siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo kabakaba

   - Woaɖe xɔtuɣi dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ na aƒewo tutudɔ gãwo

 

2. Ðekawɔwɔ kple MEP ɖoɖowo:

   - De conduits kple fixtures tẽe ɖe formwork la me

   - Woana mɔ̃ɖaŋu, elektrik, kple pɔmpi ƒe ɖoɖowo dede nanyo ɖe edzi

 

3. Cycle ɣeyiɣi nyuitɔ kekeake mɔnuwo:

   - Na gaƒoƒo 24 ƒe kɔkrit kɔklɔ ƒe tsatsam nawɔ dɔ

   - Na xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖowo nawɔ kabakaba ŋutɔ

 

C. Curved kple freeform gakpo formwork na xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kɔnkrit

 

Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtuɖaŋuwoe me na woate ŋu awɔ xɔtuɖaŋu siwo sesẽ wu:

 

1. Kɔmpiuta dzi nuwo wɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo:

   - Ðe mɔ na wɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ le curved formwork components

   - Na xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ŋutega sesẽwo nava eme

 

2. Nusiwo wotsɔ dzea ŋgɔe siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe:

   - Nusiwo le abe rababa alo plastic siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe zazã kpe ɖe gakpo ŋu

   - Wɔ kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba siwo le gbadzaa, siwo le goglo

 

3. Multi-axis formwork asitɔtrɔ ɖoɖowo:

   - Ðe mɔ na asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔme si me ŋusẽ le ŋu

   - Na woate ŋu awɔ geometry concrete structures siwo trɔna

 

D. Hybrid formwork systems siwo tsɔa gakpo kple nu bubuwo tsakana

 

Nu yeye siwo wotsɔ tsakae le nu vovovowo ƒe ŋusẽwo ƒom ƒu:

 

1. Ga-ati ƒokpli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ:

   - Etsɔa gakpo ƒe ŋusẽ kple ati ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒoa ƒui

   - Eɖea vi na dɔ siwo hiã be woatrɔ asi le wo ŋu le teƒea

 

2. Steel-fabric formwork na xɔ siwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe:

   - Ezãa avɔ si wotsɔ tensioned wɔ abe formwork surface si te ŋu trɔna ene

   - Enaa wowɔa kɔnkrit xɔtuɖoɖo siwo wowɔ nyuie wu, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie le ŋutilã me

 

3. Ga kple plastik ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wotsɔ tsakae na geometries sesẽwo:

   - Ezãa 3D-ta plastic inserts kple gakpo formwork

   - Enaa mɔnukpɔkpɔ xɔtuɖaŋu siwo me kɔ ŋutɔ le kɔnkrit me

 

Dɔwɔwɔ yeye siawo ɖe alesi gakpowo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya le tɔtrɔm yi edzii fia. Wonana be wotua xɔa kabakaba wu, wowɔa xɔtuɖaŋu siwo sesẽ wu, eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu, si wɔnɛ be wotua nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ le kɔnkrit xɔtutu me ƒe liƒowo.

 

XIII. Nyanuwuwuw

 

Akɔntabubu le gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu ŋu nye egbegbe xɔtutu ƒe akpa si sesẽ gake wòle vevie ŋutɔ. Tso gɔmeɖose veviwo dzi va ɖo aɖaŋu deŋgɔwo dzi la, gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe akpaa yi edzi le tɔtrɔm, eye mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyi kple xɔtuɖaŋu siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie wu, siwo le dedie wu, eye woanɔ anyi ɖaa ƒe hiahiãe ʋãnɛ.

 

Nya vevi siwo dzi wòle be míaɖo ŋkui:

 

1. Akɔntabubu nyuie le gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ŋu le vevie ŋutɔ be xɔa ƒe blibonyenye, gazazã nyuie, kple dedienɔnɔ.

2. Nu vevi siwo le formwork ƒe akpawo kple ƒomeviwo gɔmesese naa gɔmeɖoanyi na akɔntabubu siwo de pɛpɛpɛ.

3. Akɔntabubu tɔxɛwo hiã na xɔtuɖaŋu vovovowo abe gliwo, sɔtiwo, kpe gbadzɛwo, kple xɔtunuwo ene.

4. Nu vovovowo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, ya ƒe agba, kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ, kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe akɔntabubu siwo wowɔna le xɔmenuwo ŋu dzi.

5. Dɔwɔnu kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya deŋgɔwo, tso agbalẽviwo dzi va ɖo BIM ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae dzi, ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu ŋutɔ le akɔntabubu kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe agbalẽviwo ŋu me.

6. Optimization mɔnuwo, abe modular design kple gasɔdodo nyuie ene, ate ŋu ana formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ.

7. Ele be gazazãwo ŋu bubu nada asɔ le gadede gbãtɔ me kple ga si woadzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi me eye woabu dɔwɔlawo, ʋuɖoɖo, kple beléle na wo ƒe gazazãwo ŋu.

8. Dɔwɔnawo ƒe nyonyome dzi kpɔkpɔ kple wo me dzodzro ƒe ɖoɖowo le vevie ŋutɔ le xɔmenuwo zazã ƒe akpawo katã me.

9. Nu yeyewo zazã abe ɖokuitɔdidi ƒe ɖoɖowo kple hybrid formwork le liƒowo tum le nusiwo ateŋu adzɔ le kɔnkrit xɔtutu me.

 

Esi xɔtudɔwo va le sesẽm ɖe edzi eye wole didiƒe dom ɖe ŋgɔ la, ɖeko gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe akɔntabubu pɛpɛpɛ ƒe vevienyenye le dzidzim ɖe edzi. Ne xɔtudɔwɔlawo bi ɖe akɔntabubu siawo me eye wonɔ mɔ̃ɖaŋununya kple aɖaŋu yeyewo nyam la, woate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ dɔ siwo le dedie wu, wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o.

 

Gakpowo ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe etsɔme le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya deŋgɔwo abe AI kple mɔ̃wo sɔsrɔ̃ ene ƒe ƒoƒo ƒu ɖekae, gakpowo ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe ɖoɖowo ƒe nyonyome geɖe wu, kple nu yeyewo kple mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔ tsaka ƒe wɔwɔme me. Esi dɔwɔƒea yi edzi le ŋgɔ yim la, nenema kee mɔnu kple dɔwɔnu siwo wozãna tsɔ bua akɔnta kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ hã ava, si aʋu mɔnukpɔkpɔ yeyewo ɖi le xɔtutu xexeame.