Aleke nèbua gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔe?

I. Ŋgɔdonya .

 

Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nye nu vevi aɖe le egbegbe xɔtutu me, si naa aŋɔ si me kɔa kɔkrit le be wòawɔ xɔtunuwo. Enye ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe xɔ si wowɔ be wòalé kɔkrit si me tsi le la ɖe eme eye wòawɔ eƒe nɔnɔme vaseɖe esime wòasesẽ ale gbegbe be wòalé eƒe nɔnɔme me ɖe asi. Womate ŋu agblɔ alesi woawɔ akɔntabubu si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ ƒe vevienyenye wòagbɔ eme o, elabena ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtudɔwo ƒe nyonyome, dedienɔnɔ, kple woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie dzi tẽ.

 

Steel formwork va xɔ ŋkɔ wu ati ƒe nɔnɔme si wozãna tsã le viɖe geɖe ta:

 

1. Enɔa anyi didina: Woate ŋu azã gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ zi gbɔ zi geɖe, si wɔnɛ be ga menɔa anyi na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ o.

2. Precision: Enaa kɔnkrit ƒe nuwuwu siwo le gbadzaa wu kple didime siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ wu.

3. Ŋusẽ: Ga ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo lolo wu nu, si ana woate ŋu akɔ tsi ɖe eme kabakaba wu.

4. Dzotsitike: To vovo na ati ƒe nɔnɔme la, gakpo ya mehea dzo ƒe afɔku vɛ le xɔtudɔwo me o.

5. Nusiwo Li Eteƒe Didi: Gaŋutiɖoɖowo zazã ake ɖea gbeɖuɖɔ siwo le xɔtutu me dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

Gaŋutiɖoɖo ƒe akɔntabubu nyuie le vevie le susu geɖe ta:

 

- Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe blibonyenye: Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ si wobu nyuie kpɔa egbɔ be kɔkrit xɔtuɖoɖoa léa eƒe nɔnɔme kple ŋusẽ si woɖo be woawɔ la me ɖe asi.

- Gazazã nyuie: Akɔntabubu siwo de pɛpɛpɛ xea mɔ na nuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ fũ akpa eye woaɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ.

- Dedienɔnɔ: Wotrɔ asi le formwork si wowɔ nyuie ŋu ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔkrit si wotsɔ ƒo tsii ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo nu, si aɖe afɔku si le formwork ƒe kpododonu me dzi akpɔtɔ.

- Dɔwɔɖoɖo ƒe Ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo: Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nyuie ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple akɔntabubu ate ŋu ana xɔtudɔa nawɔ kabakaba.

 

Le nyati sia me la, míadzro gaŋutiɖoɖo ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe nugɔmesesewo me, eye míalé fɔ ɖe gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ŋu koŋ. Míaƒo nu tso gɔmedzenuawo ŋu, aku nu me le akɔntabubumɔnu tɔxɛwo ŋu, eye míadzro aɖaŋu deŋgɔwo kple wo zazã me. Eɖanye xɔtudɔ ŋuti nunyala alo xɔtuɖaŋunyalae nènye o, mɔfiame sia si me kɔ nyuie la ana wò gɔmesese le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ ŋu nanyo ɖe edzi.

 

II. Gɔmesese gakpo formwork gɔmedzenuwo .

 

Hafi nàge ɖe akɔntabubuawo me la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be woase nu vevi siwo wotsɔ wɔa gakpowoe kple gakpo ƒomevi siwo wotsɔ wɔa woe la gɔme. Sidzedze siae nye gɔmeɖoanyi na formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple akɔntabubu si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ.

 

A. Ga ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe akpa aɖewo .

 

1. Panels: Esiawoe nye nu vevi siwo doa ka kple kɔkrit la tẽ. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo siwo woxatsa ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu alo esiwo me wodea dzoe, siwo wowɔ be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe kɔkrit si me tsi le ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu nu la wɔa gakpowo.

 

2. Kadodowo: Esiawo nye tension members siwo léa formwork panelwo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si le kɔnkrit me. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ wɔa wo eye woate ŋu aɖe wo ɖa alo woanɔ kɔkrit la me.

 

3. Wedges: Wozãa wedges tsɔ kpe ɖe kadodo ŋu, eye wònaa mɔnu si wɔa dɔ kabakaba eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie si dzi woato asẽ ɖe edzi ahaɖe asi le eŋu.

 

4. Ŋusẽdodo ƒe akpawo: Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Walers, Strongbacks, kple Braces siwo naa kpekpeɖeŋu bubuwo formwork la, si wɔnɛ be wòléa eƒe nɔnɔme me ɖe asi le agba te.

 

B. Ga ƒomevi siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe .

 

1. Glidzitsimɔ̃ ƒe Nɔnɔme: Esiae nye nusi koŋ ŋu míaƒe nyatia ku ɖo. Wotrɔ asi le glia ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu be wòawɔ kɔkrit si le tsitrenu eye woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu na gli ƒe titrime kple kɔkɔme vovovowo.

 

2. Sɔti ƒe Nɔnɔmewo: Wozãa esiawo hena kɔkrit sɔti siwo le tsitrenu wɔwɔ, esiawo ate ŋu anye dzogoe ene me, dzogoe ene me, alo esiwo le dzogoe ene me le cross-section me.

 

3. Slab Formwork: Ƒomevi sia léa kɔkrit siwo le tsia dzi abe anyigba kple dzisasrãwo ene ɖe te.

 

4. Beam Formwork: Wotrɔ asi le eŋu be wòawɔ kɔkrit-ya siwo le tsia dzi alo esiwo le tsia dzi.

 

C. Dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo na gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .

 

Dedienɔnɔe nye nu vevitɔ ne wole dɔ wɔm kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ. Nu vevi siwo ŋu woabu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

 

- Kpekpe nyuie kple bracing be woaxe mɔ ɖe mumu nu .

- Woléa ŋku ɖe nusiwo gblẽ alo woƒe dodo ŋu edziedzi .

- Mɔɖeɖe si sɔ na dɔwɔlawo le tsikɔklɔ kple ƒoƒo me .

- Nutoa me ƒe nɔnɔmewo abe ya ƒe agbawo ene ŋu bubu .

- Hehenana nyuie na dɔwɔla siwo le formwork dzi kpɔm .

 

Gɔmeɖose siawo gɔmesese le vevie na amesiame si kpɔ gome le akɔntabubu kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ me. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míaku nu me le gɔmeɖose siwo nye formwork ƒe akɔntabubu ŋu, si tua gɔmeɖoanyi sidzedze sia ɖo.

 

III. Gɔmeɖose siwo ku ɖe formwork ƒe akɔntabubu ŋu .

 

Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe akɔntabubu lɔ gɔmeɖose vevi geɖe ɖe eme pɛpɛpɛ. Gɔmeɖose siawo kpɔa egbɔ be kɔnkrit la ate ŋu anɔ xɔdɔmeawo me dedie eye woawɔe nyuie esime wole xɔ mamlɛtɔa ƒe nɔnɔme kple didime si wodi la me ɖe asi.

 

A. Anyigba ƒe lolome ƒe akɔntabubu .

 

Afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ si woawɔ le formwork ƒe akɔntabubu me enye be woanya kɔkrit si wòle be woaxe la ƒe anyigba ƒe lolome. Esia toa vovo le xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe akpa si ƒomevi:

 

- Na gliwo: Nuto = didime × kɔkɔme .

- Na sɔtiwo: Nuto = gotagome × kɔkɔme .

- Na kpe gbadzɛwo: Nuto = didime × kekeme .

- Na beams: Area = (2 × goglome + kekeme) × didime

 

Ele vevie be míade dzesii be akɔntabubu veviwoe esiawo nye eye ɖewohĩ ahiã be woatrɔ asi le wo ŋu wòasɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ wu nu alo ne wole akɔntabubuwo abe fesrewo kple ʋɔtruwo ene ƒe akɔnta bum.

 

B. Nyaƒoɖeamenu Ŋuti Ŋugbledede .

 

Kɔkrit wɔa nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖedzesi aɖe ɖe formwork dzi, vevietɔ le ekɔklɔ me. Nyaƒoɖeamenu sia mewɔa ɖeka o eye wòtoa vovo kple gogloƒe. Zi geɖe la, nyaƒoɖeamenu gãtɔ kekeake dzɔna le nɔnɔmea ƒe gɔme. Woate ŋu azã mɔfiame si gbɔna atsɔ abu nyaƒoɖeamenuae:

 

P = γ × H .

 

Afi ka:

P = Nyaƒoɖeamenu .

γ = Kɔkrit ƒe kpekpeme ɖeka (zi geɖe la, anɔ abe 2400 kg/m 3 ene )

H = Kɔkrit ƒe kɔkɔme .

 

Le gli siwo kɔkɔ wu abe meta 4 ene gome la, nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ gbɔ wu ate ŋu aɖiɖi wu tsi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu bliboa le kɔnkrit ƒe ɖoɖo gbãtɔ si le ete ta.

 

C. Agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete .

 

Ele be woatrɔ asi le formwork la ŋu be wòanɔ te ɖe kɔnkrit la ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖeɖeko nu ko o, ke ele be wòanɔ te ɖe agba bubuwo abe:

 

- formwork la ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme .

- Dɔwɔlawo kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe kpekpeme .

- Agba siwo wotsɔna ƒoa nu tso kɔnkrit-ɖoɖo me .

- Ya ƒe agbawo (na xɔ kɔkɔwo) .

 

Agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete bliboa si hiãe nye nu siawo katã ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, eye wozã dedienɔnɔ ƒe akpa si sɔ.

 

D. Nusiwo woate ŋu azã ake ƒe nuwɔna .

 

Viɖe siwo le gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme ŋu dometɔ ɖekae nye alesi woate ŋu azãe ake. Gake ele be woabu esia ŋu le akɔntabubuwo me:

 

- Agbɔsɔsɔme si wogbugbɔ zãna la kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ga si woatsɔ awɔ formwork la ƒe gazazã dzi .

- Zãzã enuenu ate ŋu ana woavuvu eye wòatrɔ vie, si wòle be woabu akɔnta le akɔntabubu siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ ŋu .

- Ele be woabu alesi woate ŋu akɔ formwork la ŋu bɔbɔe ahalé be nɛ le zazãwo dome .

 

To gɔmeɖose siawo zazã me la, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo kple xɔtudɔwo ŋuti nunyalawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be woƒe gakpowo ƒe akɔntabubuwo de pɛpɛpɛ eye wosɔ ɖe wo nɔewo nu. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míalé fɔ ɖe akɔntabubu le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ŋu koŋ na gliwo, si nye dɔ siwo wowɔna zi geɖe le xɔtutu me la dometɔ ɖeka.

 

iv. Akɔntabubu le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu na gliwo .

 

Gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nye gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ siwo wozãna wu le xɔtutu me la dometɔ ɖeka. Gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ŋuti akɔntabubu pɛpɛpɛ le vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye kple nuwo zazã nyuie wu. Mina míagblẽ alesi wobua gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ɖe gliwo ŋui ƒe ɖoɖoa me.

 

A. Gli ƒe lolome dzidzedze .

 

Afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ si woawɔ le gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubu me enye be woadzidze glia ƒe lolome pɛpɛpɛ:

 

1. Didime: Gli la ƒe kekeme le tsia dzi .

2. Kɔkɔme: kekeme si le tsitrenu tso gɔme va ɖo glia tame .

3. Titrime: Gli la ƒe goglome tso mo ɖeka dzi va ɖo evelia dzi .

 

Ele be woadzidze dzidzenu siawo tso xɔtuɖaŋu alo xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo me, eye woatsɔ teƒe ɖesiaɖe si hiã la aɖo kpe teƒea dzi.

 

B. Formula na gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔƒe .

 

Mɔnu vevitɔ si woatsɔ abu akɔnta le gli ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe akpaa ŋue nye:

 

Anyigbamama = 2 × (didime × kɔkɔme) + 2 × (kɔkɔe × kɔkɔme)

 

Mɔfiame siae nye gli la ƒe mo siaa (eyatae wodzidzea wo ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi 2) kple gli la ƒe gowo (si tsi tre ɖi na to eƒe titrime dzi).

 

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ne gli si didi meta 10, si kɔkɔ meta 3, eye eƒe titrime nye meta 0.3 le mía si la, akɔntabubua anye:

 

Anyigba ƒe lolome = 2 × (10 × 3) + 2 × (0.3 × 3)

    = 60 + 1.8.

    = 61.8 square metrewo .

 

C. Asitɔtrɔ le ʋuʋu ŋu .

 

Le gli akpa gãtɔ me la, woaʋu fesrewo, ʋɔtruwo, alo taɖodzinu bubuwo. Ele be woaɖe esiawo le formwork ƒe akpa bliboa me:

 

Anyigba ƒe lolome si woɖɔ ɖo = Gli ƒe teƒe bliboa - teƒe si ʋuƒo siwo woʋu la le .

 

Le ʋuʋu ɖesiaɖe gome la, bu eƒe teƒea ƒe akɔnta eye nàɖee le ƒuƒoƒoa me. Ðo ŋku edzi be zi geɖe la, ehiãna be woawɔ xɔdɔmewo ƒe goawo ƒe goawo, eyata ele be woagatsɔ esiawo akpe ɖe wo ŋu ake.

 

D. Nuwo ƒe ƒoƒo ɖe wo nɔewo dzi kple gbeɖuɖɔ ŋu bubu .

 

Le nuwɔna me la, formwork panels mewɔa ɖeka kple gli ƒe didimewo nyuie o. Woaƒo ƒu ɖe afisiwo xɔtunuwo do go le, kple gbeɖuɖɔ aɖewo siwo me wòhiã be woatso xɔtunuwo le be woasɔ ɖe wo nɔewo nu. Nuwɔna si bɔ enye be woatsɔ 5-10% akpe ɖe teƒe si wobu akɔnta le ŋu be woabu akɔnta le nu siawo ŋu:

 

Nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ ƒe teƒe = teƒe si woɖɔ li × 1.05 va ɖo 1.10 .

 

E. Nu bubu siwo ŋu woabu .

 

- Dzogoedzidɔwo: Dzogoewo ate ŋu abia be woawɔ formwork ƒe akpa tɔxɛwo alo asitɔtrɔwo.

- Tie dometsotso: Ele be woabu kadodo ƒe xexlẽme kple dometsotso si le wo dome la ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple formwork ƒe ŋusẽ dzi.

- Nudidi siwo ku ɖe bracing ŋu: ate ŋu ahiã be woatsɔ bracing bubuwo akpe ɖe gli kɔkɔ alo didiwo ŋu.

 

Ne èwɔ ɖe afɔɖeɖe siawo dzi la, àte ŋu abu ga si wotsɔ wɔa glia ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si hiã na glia wɔwɔ la ƒe akɔnta nyuie. Dɔwɔwɔ sia kpɔa egbɔ be èbia nusiwo sɔ, si ana gazazãwo nanyo ɖe edzi eye nàɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míalé ŋku ɖe akɔntabubu tɔxɛwo ŋu na xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe akpa bubuwo.

 

V. Akɔntabubu tɔxɛwo na xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe akpa bubuwo .

 

Togbɔ be gli ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ bɔ hã la, xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe akpa bubuwo hiã be woabu akɔnta le nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo ŋu. Mina míadzro alesi woabu gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔe na sɔtiwo, xɔgbakpewo, xɔtunuwo, kple afɔtiwo me.

 

A. Kpɔti ƒe Nɔnɔmewo Ŋuti Akɔntabubu .

 

Sɔtiwo nye xɔtunu siwo le tsitrenu siwo hiãa nɔnɔmetata tɔxɛ zi geɖe. Akɔntabubu si wowɔ na sɔtiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ nɔ te ɖe sɔti la ƒe nɔnɔme dzi:

 

1. Na sɔti siwo le dzogoe ene me alo dzogoe ene me:

   Area = 4 × kekeme × kɔkɔme .

 

2. Na sɔti siwo le dzogoe ene me:

   Area = π × didime × kɔkɔme .

 

Ðo ŋku edzi nàtsɔ kpeɖeŋutɔ akpe ɖe sɔti la ƒe gɔme ne womele ekɔm abe kpe gbadzɛ aɖe ƒe akpa aɖe ene o.

 

B. Slab ƒe agbalẽviwo ƒe akɔntabubu .

 

Slab formwork ƒe akɔntabubuwo le tẽ vie:

 

Area = Didime × Kekeme .

 

Gake ele be nàbu akɔnta le:

- Edge formwork: Perimeter × Depth of Slab .

- Kpekpeɖeŋunanuwo: Beams, joists, kple props siwo hiã be woatsɔ alé kɔkrit xɔdzoa ƒe kpekpeme ɖe te .

 

C. Beam ƒe agbalẽviwo ƒe akɔntabubu .

 

Beam formwork bia be woabu akɔnta na akpa etɔ̃ (afã eve kple ete), elabena zi geɖe la, wogblẽa etame la ɖi be woakɔe ɖe eme:

 

Area = (2 × goglome + kekeme) × didime

 

Mègaŋlɔ be nàbu akɔnta le xɔtunu siwo ƒe sɔtiwo alo gliwo le wo ŋu ƒe tsatsam ŋu o.

 

D. Afɔdzidede ƒe agbalẽvi ƒe akɔntabubu .

 

Afɔdzidede ƒe nɔnɔme toa vovo le afɔdzidede ƒomevi nu:

 

1. Na afɔti siwo le dzogoe ene me bɔbɔe:

   Area = 4 × kekeme × goglome .

 

2. Le afɔti siwo wotu ɖe afɔwo dzi gome la, bu afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe ɖe vovo eye nàƒo emetsonuwo nu ƒu.

 

Ðo ŋku edzi nàbu akɔnta le akpa ɖesiaɖe si le gbadzaa le afɔti siwo kaka ŋu.

 

Ne èse akɔntabubu tɔxɛ siawo gɔme la, àte ŋu anya gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe nudidiwo na xɔtuɖaŋu vovovo siwo le wò xɔtudɔa me pɛpɛpɛ. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míadzro nusiwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe akɔntabubu siawo kple alesi woabu akɔnta le wo ŋu me ŋu.

 

VI. Nusiwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubuwo dzi .

 

Togbɔ be akɔntabubu vevi siwo woatsɔ awɔ gakpowoe la le tẽ hã la, nu geɖe ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ si wowɔ kple alesi wowɔe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si hiã dzi. Nu siawo gɔmesese kple wo ŋuti akɔntabubu le vevie ŋutɔ na formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si de pɛpɛpɛ eye wòle dedie.

 

A. Kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu .

 

Nyaƒoɖeamenu si wotsɔ kɔkrit si wotsɔ ƒo tsii la nye nu vevi siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe formwork ƒe nɔnɔme dzi la dometɔ ɖeka:

 

- lateral pressure dzina ɖe edzi ne tsi si wokɔ la ƒe goglome .

- Kɔsɔkɔsɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi (afɔɖeɖe kabakaba naa nyaƒoɖeamenu si lolo wu) .

- Kɔkrit tsakatsaka ƒe nɔnɔme (le kpɔɖeŋu me, slump, aggregate size) kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi .

- Dzoxɔxɔ kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ɣeyiɣi ɖoɖo dzi eye to esia me la, nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe ɣeyiɣi didime .

 

Ele be woatrɔ asi le formwork ŋu be wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu si wokpɔ mɔ na si sɔ gbɔ wu nu, si dzɔna zi geɖe le agbalẽvia ƒe gɔme.

 

B. Ya ƒe agbawo .

 

Le xɔ kɔkɔwo alo teƒe siwo ya ƒe duƒuƒu sesẽ le gome la, ya ƒe agba va zua nu vevi aɖe:

 

- Ya ate ŋu ahe axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu bubuwo vɛ ɖe formwork la dzi .

- Ele be woabu ŋusẽdoameŋusẽwo ŋu, vevietɔ na anyigba gã siwo le tsia dzi .

- Ya ƒe agbawo ate ŋu abia be woatsɔ bracing alo tie-downs bubuwo akpe ɖe eŋu .

 

Ele be woabu yaƒoƒo ƒe agbawo ɖe nutoa me xɔtuɖoɖowo kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti nyatakakawo dzi.

 

C. Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tɔtrɔwo .

 

Dzoxɔxɔ ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe formwork dzi le mɔ vovovowo nu:

 

- Dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme ate ŋu ana gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme nakeke alo eƒe ʋuʋu .

- Yame ƒe fafa ate ŋu ahe kɔnkrit ƒe ɖoɖo ɖe megbe, si ana nyaƒoɖeamenu nadidi ɖe edzi le formwork la dzi .

- Yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ate ŋu ana nɔnɔme nade kabakaba, si ate ŋu ahe formwork ɖeɖeɖa kaba vɛ .

 

Ele be woabu dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo ŋu le formwork ƒe nɔnɔme kple kɔnkrit kɔklɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi me.

 

D. Formwork ƒe kpekpe kple ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aɖee ɖa .

 

Ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aƒo agbalẽviwo nu ƒu ahaɖe wo ɖa ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dɔa ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖiwo kple gazazãwo dzi:

 

- Aɖaŋu sesẽwo ate ŋu abia ɣeyiɣi geɖe wu hafi woaƒo wo nu ƒu ahaɖe wo ɖa .

- Nusiwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna ate ŋu ana dɔa nawɔ kabakaba to alesi wònya nu tso eŋu kple alesi wòate ŋu adzɔe na modular designs me .

- Dɔwɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋu ƒe seƒe kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe kpekpe kple ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aɖe wo ɖa dzi .

 

Ele be woabu nu siawo ŋu ne wole tiatia wɔm le formwork ƒe ɖoɖo vovovowo alo aɖaŋu vovovowo dome.

 

E. Kɔkrit ƒe nuwuwu ƒe nudidiwo .

 

Nusi wodi be woatsɔ awɔ kɔkrit la ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe formwork tiatia kple eƒe nɔnɔme dzi:

 

- Nuwuwu siwo le gbadzaa bia be woawɔ formwork ƒe anyigba siwo le nyonyome nyuie, siwo ŋu wodzra ɖo nyuie .

- Textured nuwuwu ate ŋu abia etɔxɛ form liners .

- Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kɔnkrit ate ŋu anye nudidi sesẽ aɖewo na form joints kple tie hole patterns .

 

F. Teƒea ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .

 

Teƒea ƒe nɔnɔme le nutoa me ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe formwork ƒe akɔntabubuwo dzi vevie:

 

- Mɔɖeɖe si seɖoƒe li na ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe formwork ƒe akpa siwo woate ŋu azã ƒe lolome nu .

- Anyigba ƒe nɔnɔmewo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ƒutawo kple xɔtunuwo ƒe liƒo dzi .

- Te ɖe xɔtuɖoɖo bubuwo ŋu ate ŋu aɖo seɖoƒe na dɔwɔƒe eye wòakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ dzi .

 

Ne wobu nu siawo ŋu nyuie la, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo kple xɔtulawo ate ŋu atrɔ asi le woƒe gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti akɔntabubuwo ŋu be woakpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ xɔtunuwo ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míadzro dɔwɔnu kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siwo li be woakpe ɖe akɔntabubu sesẽ siawo ŋu la me.

 

VII. Dɔwɔnuwo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋunuwo na gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe akɔntabubu .

 

Gaŋutiɖoɖo ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe sesẽ na woto dɔwɔnu kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya vovovowo vɛ be woakpe ɖe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo kple xɔtudɔwo ŋu. Esiawo tso agbalẽ bɔbɔewo dzi va ɖo kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo deŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖeka kple Xɔtunyatakakawo ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu (BIM) ƒe ɖoɖowo dzi.

 

A. Akɔntabubu siwo wowɔna kple asi le blema .

 

Togbɔ be womebɔ egbea o hã la, wogazãa akɔntabubu siwo zãa mɔfiamewo kple kplɔ̃wo le asi me, vevietɔ na dɔ bɔbɔewo alo akɔntabubu kabakabawo. Zi geɖe la, esiawo lɔa:

 

- Arithmetic vevi aɖe na nuto kple gbeɖiɖi ƒe akɔntabubuwo .

- Nuƒoƒo tso kplɔ̃ siwo wozãna ɖaa ŋu na kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo kple formwork ŋutetewo .

- Dedienɔnɔ ƒe nusiwo wozãna tsɔ bua kakaɖedzimanɔamesi ŋu .

 

Akɔntabubu siwo wowɔ kple asi bia be woase formwork ƒe gɔmeɖosewo gɔme nyuie eye ate ŋu axɔ ɣeyiɣi geɖe na xɔtuɖoɖo siwo gɔme sese sesẽ.

 

B. Akɔntabubumɔ̃ siwo wotu ɖe agbalẽ dzi .

 

Spreadsheets naa afɔɖeɖe aɖe tso akɔntabubu siwo wowɔ kple asi gbɔ, si wɔnɛ be:

 

- Akɔntabubu kabakaba na nu geɖewo .

- Asitɔtrɔ le tɔtrɔwo ŋu bɔbɔe .

- Vodada veviwo me dzodzro kple mɔfiamewo ƒe kpeɖodzi .

- wɔwɔ na custom templates na formwork ƒomevi vovovowo .

 

Xɔtudɔwɔƒe geɖe to woawo ŋutɔ ƒe agbalẽ siwo wotsɔna ŋlɔa nu ɖe ​​agbalẽ dzi si wowɔ ɖe woƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo kple wo wɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo nu la vɛ.

 

C. Akɔntabuƒe ƒe kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖe .

 

Wotrɔ asi le kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo ƒe akpa geɖewo ŋu koŋ hena formwork ƒe akɔntabubu:

 

- Zi geɖe la, esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye agbalẽdzraɖoƒe siwo me wowɔa formwork ƒe akpa siwo wozãna ɖaa le .

- Woate ŋu awɔ nyaƒoɖeamenu kple agba ƒe akɔntabubu sesẽwo .

- Ame geɖe naa 2D alo 3D ƒe nɔnɔmetata wɔwɔ le formwork ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu .

- Ðewo dometɔ aɖewoe nye gazazã ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe nɔnɔmewo .

 

Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye Peri CAD, Doka Tipos, kple Meva CAD.

 

D. BIM ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae na formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ .

 

Xɔtuɖaŋu ŋuti nyatakakawo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ (BIM) trɔ asi le xɔtutu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu, si me formwork design hã le:

 

1. 4D BIM na ɖoɖowɔɖi:

   - Enaa wokpɔa formwork installation kple eɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖowo le susu me .

   - Ekpena ɖe ame ŋu be woade dzesi masɔmasɔ siwo ate ŋu ado mo ɖa le formwork zazã me le dɔa ƒe akpa vovovowo .

   - Enaa formwork gbugbɔgazã kple gasɔdodo ƒe nyonyome nyona ɖe edzi .

 

2. 5D BIM na gazazã ƒe akɔntabubu:

   - Tsɔ formwork ƒe agbɔsɔsɔmewo de eme kple gazazã ŋuti nyatakakawo .

   - Enaa be woatsɔ formwork mɔnu vovovowo asɔ kple wo nɔewo kaba .

   - Enaa gazazã ŋuti ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple gazazã dzi kpɔkpɔ si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ la nɔa bɔbɔe .

 

BIM-integrated formwork ɖoɖowɔwɔ ate ŋu ana dɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye wòaɖe vodadawo dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

E. Dɔwɔnu Deŋgɔwo .

 

Le dɔ sesẽwo gome la, woate ŋu azã dɔwɔnu deŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ wɔa nɔnɔmetatawoe:

 

- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) na xɔtuɖoɖowo me dzodzro le formwork le agba te .

- Akɔntabubu ƒe tsi ƒe ŋusẽ (CFD) hena kɔnkrit ƒe sisi kple nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe kpɔɖeŋu wɔwɔ .

- Virtual Reality (VR) hena hehenana kple nukpɔkpɔ le nɔnɔmetata siwo me wowɔa nu sesẽwo le me .

 

Dɔwɔnu siawo ate ŋu ana gɔmesese siwo gbɔ ɖoɖo sesẽ alo manya wɔ to mɔnu xoxowo dzi o.

 

To dɔwɔnu kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siawo zazã me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu ana woƒe gakpowo ƒe akɔntabubuwo ƒe nyateƒetoto, dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, kple dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ. Dɔwɔnu tiatia nɔ te ɖe dɔa ƒe sesẽ, nunɔamesi siwo li, kple nudidi tɔxɛ siwo le xɔtuha la si dzi. Le akpa si kplɔe ɖo me la, míadzro mɔnu siwo dzi woato awɔ gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu la me.

 

VIII. Optimizing gakpo formwork zazã .

 

Gaŋutiɖoɖowo zazã nyuie ate ŋu ana woaɖe gazazã dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ, woawɔ dɔ nyuie wu, eye woana dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi le xɔtudɔwo me. Mɔnu vevi aɖewoe nye esi be woatsɔ adzi viɖe siwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me ɖe edzi:

 

A. Modular Design Gɔmeɖosewo .

 

Modular design gɔmeɖosewo zazã ate ŋu ana gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ:

 

- Standard panel sizes afisi wòanya wɔ le be woadzi interchangeability ɖe edzi .

- Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe xɔtuɖoɖowo kple nusiwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna be woatsɔ adzi formwork gbugbɔgazã ɖe edzi .

- Zã akpa siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le be woawɔ ɖe vovototo suesuesuewo dzi le didimewo me .

 

Modular design ate ŋu aɖe ɣeyiɣi si wotsɔ ƒoa nuwo nu ƒu dzi akpɔtɔ, aɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana woagbugbɔ azãe le formwork ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe ŋu.

 

B. Dzesiwo ɖoɖo ɖe formwork ƒe akpawo ŋu .

 

Dzidzenu yi asi-le-asi kple modular design:

 

- To formwork ƒe akpawo ƒe hatsotso si woɖo ɖi na xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe akpa siwo bɔ la vɛ .

- Wɔ kpekpe ƒe mɔfiame tsitotsito na ɖoɖowɔɖi siwo sɔ .

- Na hehe dɔwɔlawo le ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu ƒe ƒuƒoƒo nyuie kple wo ɖeɖeɖa me .

 

Dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ ɖea vodadawo dzi kpɔtɔna, enaa amewo ƒoa ƒu kabakaba, eye wònana wònɔa bɔbɔe be  woabu nusiwo hiã na dɔ siwo woawɔ le etsɔme la ŋu.

 

C. Dzadzraɖo kple nudzraɖoƒe nyuie .

 

Ga si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe dzi kpɔkpɔ nyuie ate ŋu ana eƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye wòalé eƒe nyonyome me ɖe asi:

 

- Klɔ formwork nyuie le zazã ɖesiaɖe megbe be woaxe mɔ ɖe kɔkrit ƒe ƒoƒo nu .

- Kpɔ formwork dzi edziedzi be nu gblẽ le eŋu alo gblẽ hã, eye nàdzrae ɖo alo aɖɔlii alesi wòhiãe hã .

- Wɔ asiɖeɖe le eŋu ƒe dɔwɔnuwo ŋudɔ nyuie be wòanɔ bɔbɔe be woaɖee ɖa bɔbɔe eye nàkpɔ formwork ƒe anyigba dzi ta .

- Dzra agbalẽviwo ɖo ɖe teƒe si ƒu kplakplakpla le, be woaxe mɔ ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme nu .

 

Menye ɖeko formwork siwo ŋu wodzra ɖo nyuie la nɔa anyi didi wu ko o, ke enaa kɔkrit si nyo wu hã.

 

D. formwork gasɔdodo ƒe mɔnu nyuiwo .

 

Ne wowɔ formwork ƒe kekefɔkpa nyuie la, ate ŋu ana dɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ:

 

- Wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe kɔkrit kɔklɔ ŋu be woaɖe mɔ be woagazã formwork nyuie wu .

- Zã kɔkrit tsakatsaka siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le kaba be nàɖe mɔ be woaɖe formwork la ɖa kabakaba le afisi wòasɔ le .

- Woawɔ tracking system ŋudɔ atsɔ alé ŋku ɖe formwork zazã kple teƒe si wole le teƒea ŋu .

- Bu formwork ƒomevi vovovowo zazã na dɔa ƒe akpa vovovowo ŋu (le kpɔɖeŋu me, jump forms for core walls)

 

Kekefɔfɔ nyuie ate ŋu aɖe formwork si hiã la katã dzi akpɔtɔ, aɖe gazazãwo dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòaɖe nudzraɖoƒe siwo le teƒea dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

IX. Gazazã ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubu me .

 

Togbɔ be mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe akpa siwo le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ me le vevie hã la, gazazã ŋu bubu wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le nyametsotsowɔwɔ me. Ganyawo ŋuti nyawo gɔmesese ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu le formwork ƒe kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu si me ga geɖe le wu tiatia me.

 

A. Gadede asi gbãtɔ kple ga si wodzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi .

 

Zi geɖe la, gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bia be woade ga geɖe wu do ŋgɔ ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atiwo ƒe nɔnɔme si wozãna tsã. Gake ena ga si wodzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi ŋutɔ la:

 

- Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ake zi geɖe wu atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme .

- Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe anyinɔnɔ ƒe anyinɔnɔ ɖea ga si wozãna ɖe wo ɖɔliɖɔli ŋu dzi kpɔtɔna le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe .

- Nuwuwu siwo ƒe nyonyome de ŋgɔ wu ate ŋu aɖe anyigbadzidɔdamɔnu bubuwo ƒe hiahiã dzi akpɔtɔ .

 

Ne èle gazazãwo bum la, bu dɔa ƒe agbenɔƒe bliboa kple alesi woate ŋu azãe ake le dɔ siwo woava wɔ le etsɔme ŋu kpɔ.

 

B. Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazãwo hena kpekpe kple wo ɖeɖeɖa .

 

Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazãwo nye nu vevi aɖe le formwork ƒe gazazãwo me:

 

- Zi geɖe la, gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme bia be woawɔ dɔ boo aɖeke na kpekpe kple wo ɖeɖeɖa wu atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme .

- Modular kple standardized systems ate ŋu aɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi akpɔtɔ geɖe wu .

- dɔnyala bibiwo ate ŋu ahiã na gakpowo wɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽwo, si ate ŋu ana gazazãwo nadzi ɖe edzi .

 

Nusiwo le nutoa me dɔwɔlawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kple dɔwɔla siwo li ƒe aɖaŋu ƒe seƒe ne wole gazazãwo bum.

 

C. Ʋuɖoɖo kple nudzraɖoƒe ƒe gazazãwo .

 

Ga si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe ƒe kpekpeme kple eƒe akpa gãtɔ ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ʋuɖoɖo kple nudzraɖoƒe ƒe gazazãwo dzi:

 

- gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ sesẽ wu atiwo, si ate ŋu ana ʋuɖoɖo ƒe gazazãwo nadzi ɖe edzi .

- Nudzraɖoƒe nyuiwo ate ŋu ahiã be woatsɔ akpɔ gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme ta tso yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe gbegblẽ me .

- Ŋutete si le ame si be wòagazã formwork le teƒea ate ŋu aɖe ʋuɖoɖo ƒe hiahiãwo dzi akpɔtɔ .

 

Bu nuwo ƒe ʋuʋu kple wo dzadzraɖo ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu kpɔ ne wole gazazã bliboa ƒe akɔntabubu ŋu bum.

 

D. Gazazãwo Dzikpɔkpɔ Kple Wo Dzadzraɖo ƒe gazazãwo .

 

Togbɔ be gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme nɔa anyi didina hã la, ebia be woalé be nɛ:

 

- Dzadzɛnyenye kple atike siwo woɖena ɖea asi le wo ŋu ƒe dzadzɛnyenye edziedzi .

- Akpa siwo gblẽ la dzadzraɖo alo wo ɖɔliɖɔli ɣeaɖewoɣi .

- Dɔwɔnu tɔxɛwo ƒe hiahiã si ate ŋu anɔ anyi na beléle na wo .

 

De gazazã siawo siwo yia edzi la wò gazazã ŋuti akɔntabubu siwo nèwɔna ɣeyiɣi didi la me.

 

X. Gaŋutiɖoɖo deŋgɔ ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe mɔnuwo .

 

Esi xɔtudɔwo va le sesẽm ɖe edzi la, wole aɖaŋu deŋgɔwo zãm tsɔ le gakpowo ƒe nɔnɔme kple akɔntabubu nyuie wu zãm.

 

A. Finite element analysis (FEA) na formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ .

 

FEA nye dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe si wotsɔna dzroa formwork ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe nuwɔna me:

 

1. Nuteɖeamedzi kple teteɖeanyi ƒe numekuku:

   - De dzesi nusiwo ate ŋu gbɔdzɔ le formwork ƒe ɖoɖoa me .

   - Nuwo zazã nyuie wu to nuteɖeamedzi ƒe mamawo gɔmesese me .

 

2. Nyagblɔɖi ƒe nyagblɔɖi:

   - Kpɔ egbɔ be formwork ɖo deflection seɖoƒewo gbɔ na kɔkrit ƒe anyigba deŋgɔwo .

   - Gblɔ formwork ƒe kpododonu siwo ate ŋu adzɔ la ɖi eye nàɖe wo dzi akpɔtɔ .

 

3. Formwork ƒe titrime ƒe nyonyome:

   - De dzesi formwork panels ƒe titrime nyuitɔ kekeake be nàda asɔ le ŋusẽ kple kpekpeme ŋu .

   - Ðe nuwo ƒe asixɔxɔ dzi kpɔtɔ esime wole xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe fɔmaɖimaɖi me lém ɖe asi .

 

B. Akɔntabubu ƒe tsi ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi (CFD) na kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe nɔnɔmetata .

 

CFD ate ŋu ana gɔmesese veviwo le nuwɔna ŋutɔŋutɔwo ŋu le tsikɔ ​​wɔwɔ me:

 

1. Kɔkrit ƒe sisi ƒe kpɔɖeŋu:

   - Gblɔ alesi kɔnkrit atso le formwork la me .

   - De dzesi teƒe siwo ate ŋu anye vovototodedeameme alo anyitsi ƒe nɔnɔme .

 

2. Nyagblɔɖi le formwork agbawo ŋu le ekɔklɔ me:

   - Bu akɔnta le nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo trɔna ŋu le formwork dzi le pour la me .

   - Optimized pour rates kple sequences be woaɖe formwork agbawo dzi akpɔtɔ .

 

C. Parametric ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ na formwork ƒe nyonyome .

 

Parametric design tools ɖe mɔ ɖe formwork designs ƒe gbugbɔgagblɔ kabakaba kple eƒe nyonyome ŋu:

 

1. Trɔ asi le formwork ƒe didimewo ŋu le wo ɖokui si:

   - Trɔ asi le formwork designs ŋu kabakaba ɖe tɔtrɔ siwo va le xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe didimewo me .

   - Wɔ formwork ƒe kuxiwo gbɔkpɔnu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu na geometri siwo sesẽ .

 

2. Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe tiatiawɔblɔɖewo gbugbɔgawɔ kabakaba:

   - Dzro formwork ƒe ɖoɖo geɖewo me be nàkpɔ egbɔkpɔnu nyuitɔ kekeake .

   - Tsɔ formwork ɖoɖo vovovowo sɔ kple wo nɔewo bɔbɔe hena gazazã kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie .

 

D. Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe akɔntabubuwo na formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nyagblɔɖi .

 

Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya le akpa aɖe wɔm le formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple edzikpɔkpɔ me:

 

1. Ŋutinya me nyatakakawo me dzodzro:

   - Gblɔ formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖi le nyatakaka siwo tso dɔ siwo wowɔ va yi me nu .

   - De dzesi nusiwo kpena ɖe formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzidzedzetɔe ŋu .

 

2. Ðoɖowɔwɔ ɖe beléle na ame ŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi:

   - Nyagblɔɖi ne formwork ƒe akpawo ahiã beléle alo wo ɖɔliɖɔli .

   - Optimize the lifespan and safety of formwork systems .

 

Aɖaŋu deŋgɔ siawo le nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ ƒe liƒowo tutum le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple akɔntabubu me. Woɖea mɔ ɖe formwork ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔnu siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie wu, siwo le dedie, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o ŋu, vevietɔ na dɔ siwo sesẽ alo esiwo me ga mele o.

 

XI. nyonyome dzi kpɔkpɔ kple ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ me .

 

Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo ƒe nyonyome kple woƒe blibonyenye ƒe kakaɖedzi le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe si wowɔ kple kɔkrit la ƒe dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ. Ele be woawɔ nyonyomedzikpɔkpɔ kple ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu ƒe ɖoɖo si me kɔ nyuie le formwork zazã ƒe akpa vovovowo me.

 

A. Do Ŋgɔ Na Kukuwo Me Dzodzro ƒe Dzesidegbalẽvi .

 

Hafi woakɔ kɔnkrit la, ele be woalé ŋku ɖe xɔdɔmeawo ŋu nyuie:

 

1. Alignment kple Plumbness ƒe kpeɖodzi:

   - Kpɔe ɖa be formwork la sɔ nyuie eye plumb .

   - Kpɔ didimewo ɖa le aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu .

 

2. Tie dometsotso kple tightness checks:

   - Kpɔ egbɔ be wobla kadodowo nyuie le nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo wobu akɔnta nu .

   - Kpɔ egbɔ be wobla kadodoawo katã nyuie .

 

3. Anyigba ƒe dzadzɛnyenye kple dzadzraɖo:

   - Kpɔe ɖa be formwork ƒe anyigbawo le dzadzɛ eye gbeɖuɖɔ aɖeke mele wo ŋu o .

   - Kpɔe ɖa be wowɔ atike si woɖe asi le eŋu la ŋudɔ nyuie .

 

B. Le ɣeyiɣi si me wole ŋku lém ɖe ame ŋu me .

 

ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu vevie le kɔnkrit kɔklɔ me le vevie ŋutɔ:

 

1. Kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenudzidzenu:

   - Zã nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe sensorwo nàtsɔ alé ŋku ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋutɔŋutɔwo ŋu .

   - Tsɔe sɔ kple nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo wobu akɔntae eye nàtrɔ asi le tsi si wotsɔna kɔa nu ŋu ne ehiã .

 

2. Formwork deflection monitoring:

   - Lé ŋku ɖe formwork ŋu hena ʋuʋu alo ʋuʋu ɖesiaɖe si womele mɔ kpɔm na o .

   - Dzra ɖo be nàtɔ te tsi si woakɔ ɖe edzi ne deflections wu seɖoƒe siwo le dedie .

 

3. Asitɔtrɔ le ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me kple nudede nyawo me:

   - Wɔ asitɔtrɔ suesuesuewo le formwork ŋu abe alesi wòhiã ene le tsilelea me .

   - Dzra ɖo ɖe nusiwo woawɔ kpata ŋu ne nyawo do mo ɖa .

 

C. Kuku megbe ƒe numekuku .

 

Ne wokɔ kɔkrit la ɖe kɔnkrit la me eye woɖoe vɔ la, ele be woawɔ numekuku le eƒe ku megbe ŋu:

 

1. Surface Finish Assessment:

   - Da kɔkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe nyonyome ƒe nyonyome kpɔ .

   - De dzesi nuto ɖesiaɖe si abia be woaɖɔe ɖo .

 

2. Dimensional accuracy verification:

   - Kpɔ kɔkrit si wowɔ vɔ ƒe didimewo ɖa le aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu .

   - De dzesi vovototo ɖesiaɖe si ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtutu ƒe akpa siwo kplɔe ɖo dzi .

 

3. Formwork ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe dodokpɔ hena zazã ake:

   - Dzro formwork me be nu gblẽ le eŋu alo do le eɖeɖe vɔ megbe hã .

   - Kpɔe ɖa be ehiã be woadzra wo ɖo hafi woagazã wo ake hã .

 

D. Dodokpɔmɔnu siwo megblẽa nu o na formwork integrity .

 

Be woakpɔ egbɔ be gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe blibonyenye le edzi yim la, woate ŋu azã dodokpɔmɔnu vovovo siwo megblẽa nu o:

 

1. ultrasonic dodokpɔ:

   - De dzesi ememe vodadawo alo gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔwo le gakpo formwork components .

   - Da formwork panels ƒe titrime kpɔ be woalé ŋku ɖe wear ŋu .

 

2. Magnet ƒe akpa suewo me dzodzro:

   - De dzesi ferromagnetic-nu siwo le anyigba dzi kple esiwo te ɖe anyigba ŋu ƒe gbagbãƒewo .

   - si ŋu viɖe le vevietɔ na weldwo kple teƒe siwo nuteɖeamedzi le ŋutɔ me dzodzro .

 

3. Dzodzro ƒe dodokpɔ:

   - De dzesi ememe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔwo le formwork ƒe akpawo me .

   - Viɖe le eŋu na gakpo ƒe akpa siwo sesẽ alo esiwo le ʋeʋẽm .

 

To nyonyomedzikpɔkpɔ kple ŋkuléle ɖe wo ŋu ƒe ɖoɖo siawo zazã me la, xɔtuhawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be woƒe gakpowɔƒe ƒe ɖoɖowo ƒe dedienɔnɔ, dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, kple woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie. Menye ɖeko esia nana kɔkrit si wowɔ vɔ la ƒe nyonyome nyona ɖe edzi ko o, ke enaa formwork la ŋutɔ ƒe agbenɔƒe didi hã.

 

XII. Nu yeyewo zazã le gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ me .

 

Gaŋutiɖoɖo ƒe agblea le tɔtrɔm ɣesiaɣi, eye dɔ yeyewo wɔwɔ le nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ ƒe liƒowo tum ɖo le kɔnkrit wɔwɔ me. Mina míadzro dɔwɔnu yeye siawo dometɔ aɖewo me:

 

A. Ðokuibɔbɔ ƒe formwork systems na xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu .

 

Ðokuidzidzedze ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nye ŋgɔyiyi ɖedzesi aɖe le xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu me:

 

1. Haidrɔlik-tolili ƒe mɔnuwo:

   - Ðe mɔ na formwork be 'climb' yi dzi abe alesi wowu dzisasrã ɖesiaɖe nu ene .

   - Ðe crane ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi kpɔtɔ eye nàna xɔtuɖaŋu nanyo ɖe edzi .

 

2. Dedienɔnɔ ƒe mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae:

   - Na dɔwɔƒe siwo le dedie le kɔkɔƒe .

   - Zi geɖe la, yame ƒe nɔnɔme takpɔkpɔ na dɔwɔlawo .

 

3. automated leveling kple alignment:

   - Kpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ formwork nyuie na dzisasrã yeye ɖesiaɖe .

   - Ðe asitɔtrɔ siwo wowɔ kple asi dzi kpɔtɔ .

 

B. Tunnel formwork na aƒewo tutu kabakaba .

 

Tunnel formwork le tɔtrɔ gã aɖe wɔm le xɔwo tutu ŋu, vevietɔ na dɔ siwo ƒe ɖoɖowo gbugbɔna:

 

1. Modular Design na ɖoɖo siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna:

   - Ðe mɔ be woatu unit siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo kabakaba .

   - Ðe ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ atu xɔ gãwoe dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ .

 

2. Ðekawɔwɔ kple MEP ƒe ɖoɖowo:

   - De conduit kple fixtures tẽ ɖe formwork la me .

   - Na mɔ̃ɖaŋu, elektrik, kple pɔmpimɔ̃wo dede .

 

3. Cycle Time Optimization Strategies:

   - Na kɔkrit kɔkrit kɔklɔ ƒe tsatsam si xɔa gaƒoƒo 24 la nawɔ dɔ .

   - kabakaba nukutɔe ɖe xɔtuɣi ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo dzi .

 

C. Gaƒoɖokui si wotsɔ ƒo xlãe kple esi le ablɔɖe me na xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kɔnkrit .

 

Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le formwork mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me le xɔtuɖaŋu siwo gɔme sese sesẽ wu la wɔm:

 

1. Kɔmpiuta dzi nuwo wɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo:

   - Ðe mɔ na wɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ le curved formwork components .

   - Ena xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ŋutega siwo gɔme sese sesẽ la va eme .

 

2. Nusiwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le siwo dze ŋgɔ wo nɔewo:

   - Nuwo abe rababa alo plastic siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe ene zazã le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple gakpo .

   - Wɔ kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo le gbadzaa, siwo le gogloe .

 

3. Multi-axis formwork manipulation ɖoɖowo:

   - Ðe mɔ na dynamic adjustment of formwork ƒe nɔnɔme .

   - Na wɔwɔ na tɔtrɔ geometry kɔnkrit xɔtuɖoɖowo .

 

D. Hybrid formwork systems siwo ƒoa gakpo kple nu bubuwo nu ƒu .

 

Nu yeye siwo wotsɔ tsakae le nu vovovowo ƒe ŋusẽwo ƒom ƒu:

 

1. Ga-tiƒowɔnu ƒokpli formwork:

   - ƒoa gakpo ƒe ŋusẽ kple atiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nu ƒu .

   - Viɖe le dɔ siwo bia be woatrɔ asi le teƒea ŋu .

 

2. Ga-avɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ na xɔ siwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe:

   - Ezãa avɔ si me wode nue abe formwork ƒe anyigba si te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe ene .

   - Enaa wowɔa kɔnkrit xɔtunu siwo wowɔ nyuie wu, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie le ŋutilã me .

 

3. Ga-plastic hybrid systems na geometri siwo sesẽ:

   - Wozãa 3D-ta plastik nusiwo wotsɔ de eme kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .

   - Enaa xɔtuɖaŋu siwo me kɔ ŋutɔ le kɔnkrit me .

 

Dɔwɔwɔ yeye siawo ɖe alesi gakpowo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya le tɔtrɔm yi edzii fia. Wowɔa xɔtutu kabakaba, aɖaŋu siwo sesẽ wu, kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu, si wotua nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ le kɔnkrit wɔwɔ me ƒe liƒowo.

 

XIII. Nyanuwuwuw

 

Gaŋutiɖoɖowo ƒe akɔntabubu nye egbegbe xɔtutu ƒe akpa aɖe si gɔme sese sesẽ gake wòle vevie ŋutɔ. Tso gɔmeɖose veviwo dzi va ɖo aɖaŋu deŋgɔwo dzi la, gakpowo ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti akɔntabubu ƒe akpaa yi edzi le tɔtrɔm, si mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyiwo kple alesi wòhiã be woawɔ xɔtudɔ siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie wu, siwo le dedie, eye woanɔ anyi ɖaa.

 

Nya vevi siwo dzi wòle be nàɖo ŋkui:

 

1. Gaŋutiɖoɖo ƒe akɔntabubu nyuie le vevie na xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe blibonyenye, gazazã nyuie, kple dedienɔnɔ.

2. Gɔmesese le formwork ƒe akpawo kple ƒomeviwo ŋu naa gɔmeɖoanyi na akɔntabubu siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ.

3. Akɔntabubu tɔxɛwo hiã na xɔtunu vovovowo abe gliwo, sɔtiwo, kpe gbadzɛwo, kple xɔtunuwo ene.

4. Nu vovovowo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, ya ƒe agbawo, kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ, kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe formwork ƒe akɔntabubuwo dzi.

5. Dɔwɔnu deŋgɔwo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋunuwo, tso agbalẽtatawo dzi va ɖo BIM ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae dzi, ate ŋu akpe ɖe formwork ƒe akɔntabubu kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋu ŋutɔ.

6. Optimization mɔnuwo, abe modular design kple cycling nyuie ene, ate ŋu ana formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ.

7. Ele be gazazã siwo ŋu woabu la nada asɔ le ga si wodo le gɔmedzedzea me la me le ga si wodzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi me eye wòabu dɔwɔlawo, ʋuɖoɖo, kple beléle na wo ƒe gazazãwo ŋu.

8. nyonyome dzi kpɔkpɔ kple ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu ƒe ɖoɖowo le vevie ŋutɔ le formwork zazã ƒe akpawo katã me.

9. Dɔdamɔnu yeyewo abe ɖokuitɔ lialia ƒe ɖoɖowo kple hybrid formwork ene le nusiwo ate ŋu adzɔ ƒe liƒowo tutum le kɔnkrit xɔtutu me.

 

Esi xɔtudɔwo va le sesẽm ɖe edzi eye wole didim be yewoaxɔ ŋkɔ la, ɖeko gakpowo wɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubu si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ ƒe vevienyenye dzina ɖe edzi. To akɔntabubu siawo dzi wɔwɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya yeyewo kple aɖaŋu yeyewo zazã me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be dɔ siwo le dedie wu, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie wu, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o.

 

Gaŋutiɖoɖo ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe etsɔme le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya deŋgɔwo abe AI kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya sɔsrɔ̃ ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae, formwork ɖoɖowo ƒe nyonyome bubuwo wɔwɔ, kple nu yeyewo kple ɖoɖo siwo wotsɔ tsaka ƒe wɔwɔ me. Esi dɔwɔƒea yi edzi le tɔtrɔm la, nenema ke mɔnu kple dɔwɔnu siwo wozãna tsɔ bua gakpowo ƒe nɔnɔmee hewɔa woe hã, si ʋua nu yeye siwo ate ŋu adzɔ le xɔtutu ƒe xexeame.