Vovototo kae le atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo dome?

I. Ŋgɔdonya .

 

Le xɔtutu ƒe xexeame la, xɔtutu wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit xɔwo ƒe nɔnɔme wɔwɔ me. Ewɔa dɔ abe ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme si me wokɔa kɔkrit ɖo hewɔa wo ene. Dɔwɔnu siwo wotsɔ wɔa dɔe ƒe tiatia kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtutu ƒe ɖoɖoa, dɔa ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo, kple gazazã bliboa dzi vevie. Le nu vovovo siwo li dome la, atiwo kple gakpowo ɖe dzesi ŋutɔ be wonye mɔnu eve siwo wozãna wu le xɔtutu me.

 

Formwork, si wogayɔna be shuttering alo molding, koŋue nye kɔnkrit xɔ ƒe ‘nulénu’ hafi wòkpɔa eƒe nɔnɔme kple ŋusẽ mamlɛtɔ. Enye nu vevi aɖe le xɔtutu me, zi geɖe la, exɔa 20-25% alo esi wu nenema le dɔa ƒe gazazã bliboa me. Nu vovovowo tiatia nɔ te ɖe nu vovovowo dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ŋusẽ, sesẽ, tsi si le dodom le tsia me dzi kpɔkpɔ, alesi woate ŋu akpɔe, alesi woagazãe ake, gazazã nyuie, dzidodo, kple nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome.

 

Le nyati sia me la, míaku nu me tsitotsito le ati kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe xexeame ŋu, míadzro woƒe nɔnɔmewo, viɖewo, kuxiwo, kple alesi wotsɔa wo sɔna kple wo nɔewo le xɔtutu ƒe akpa vovovowo me. Eɖanye xɔtudɔnyalae nènye, xɔtuɖaŋunyala, alo didi be yeanya nu tso xɔtuɖaŋuwo ŋu ko o, tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo bliboe sia ana gɔmesese vevi aɖewo nanɔ nyametsotso vevi si nye be woatia ati kple gakpowo dome.

 

II. Atiwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .

 

A. Gɔmesese kple nuwɔwɔ .

 

Atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme nye xɔtunu xoxotɔ kekeake siwo wozãna le blema la dometɔ ɖeka si wozãna le xɔtutu me. Ebia be woazã atinuwo atsɔ awɔ aŋɔwo na kɔkrit-xɔtunuwo. Woate ŋu atsɔ ati ƒomevi vovovowo awɔ atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ati falɛfalɛwo abe spruce, pine, alo fir ene, kpakple ati siwo wowɔ abe plywood ene.

 

B. Ati ƒomevi siwo wozãna .

 

1. Ati sesẽwo: Zi geɖe la, wolɔ̃a ati falɛfalɛwo le woƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple gazazã nyuie ta.

2. Plywood: Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa resin-nu siwo wotsɔ blaa nu ɖe ​​eŋu la wɔa dɔ ɖe edzi be wòana wòanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi eye eƒe gowo nanyo ɖe edzi.

3. Ati si ŋu wotrɔ asi le: Wozãa nusiwo le abe Oriented Strand Board (OSB) ene ɣeaɖewoɣi hena dɔ aɖewo koŋ wɔwɔ.

 

C. Viɖewo .

 

1. Gazazã nyuie: Zi geɖe la, atiwo mexɔa asi boo wu gakpo o, si wɔe be wònye tiatia si hea ame na dɔ suewo alo ne gazazã ƒe mɔxenuwo ɖe dzesi ŋutɔ.

 

2. Nusiwo le bɔbɔe eye wole bɔbɔe: Ati ƒe bɔbɔe si sɔ kple wo nɔewo nana be atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ, wo dede, kple wo ɖeɖeɖa le bɔbɔe eye mɔ̃ sesẽwo mehiã o.

 

3. Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu: Woate ŋu atso ati bɔbɔe, atrɔ asi le eŋu, eye woatrɔ asi le eŋu le teƒea be wòasɔ ɖe aɖaŋu vovovo siwo wobia tso ame si alo tɔtrɔ le aɖabaƒoƒo mamlɛtɔ dzi.

 

4. Tsi ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ ƒe nɔnɔmewo: Ŋutete le atiwo ŋu be woaxɔ tsi si sɔ gbɔ ɖe kɔnkrit me, si ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu be wòagagbã o eye wòana wòawu enu wòasɔ ɖe enu wu.

 

5. Nutome ƒe xɔlɔ̃wɔwɔ: Ati nye dɔwɔnu si woate ŋu azã yeyee, si wɔe be atiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nye tiatia si me afɔku mele o wu ne wokpɔe le ŋuɖɔɖɔɖo me.

 

6. Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzoxɔxɔ: Atiwo naa xɔa ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nyuie, si kpena ɖe ame ŋu be kɔkrit ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si nɔa anyi ɖaa nɔa anyi le edada me, si ɖea vi ŋutɔ le yame ƒe fafa me.

 

7. Asitɔtrɔ le aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ ŋu: Alesi atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le teƒea le bɔbɔe le teƒea na woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu geɖe wu le tɔtrɔ ɖe aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe tɔtrɔwo alo nɔnɔme siwo womekpɔ mɔ na o ŋu le xɔtutu me.

 

D. Nusiwo gblẽ le ame ŋu .

 

1. Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme si seɖoƒe li na: Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme nɔa anyi ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ne wotsɔe sɔ kple gakpo, eye dzɔtsoƒe akpa gãtɔ fia be woate ŋu azãe zi 4 va ɖo 6 ko hafi wòahiã be woaɖɔlii.

 

2. Nya siwo ate ŋu ado ƒome kple tsidzadza: Ne ati la ƒu akpa la, ate ŋu axɔ tsi tso kɔkrit la me, si ate ŋu ana xɔ si do tso eme la nagbɔdzɔ. Le go bubu me la, ne tsi sɔ gbɔ ɖe atiawo me (si wu 20%) la, ate ŋu ana woakpɔ kɔkrit ƒe ʋuʋu kple eƒe akpa aɖewo, si ana be ƒunukpeƒe siwo le ʋuʋu ɖi kple grout nado.

 

3. Agbenɔƒe kpuitɔ: Atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme gblẽna kabakaba wu gakpo, vevietɔ ne wodoe ɖe yame alo zãnɛ enuenu.

 

4. Nutome Ŋuti Nyawo: Togbɔ be woate ŋu awɔ atiwo yeyee hã la, atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme zazã ate ŋu akpe ɖe avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ ŋu ne womekpɔ wo tso wo me le mɔ si li ke nu o.

 

III. Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .

 

A. Gɔmesese kple nuwɔwɔ .

 

Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe nye aŋɔ siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ gakpo gbadzɛwo wɔ, eye zi geɖe la, wosẽna ɖe goawo dzi kple gakpo ƒe dzogoe suewo. Woate ŋu awɔ akpa siawo le modular ƒe nɔnɔme kple lolome vovovowo me be woasɔ ɖe xɔtutu ƒe nuhiahiã vovovowo nu.

 

B. Ga ƒomevi siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe .

 

1. Panel Systems: Ga si wozãna ɖaa siwo woate ŋu aƒo ƒu be woawɔ xɔ gãwo.

2. Modular Systems: Nuɖoanyi siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ siwo wowɔ na xɔtunu ƒomevi aɖewo koŋ, abe gliwo, sɔtiwo, alo kpe gbadzɛwo ene.

3. Nɔnɔme siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu: Ga ƒe nɔnɔme si ŋu wotrɔ asi le etɔxɛe na xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe akpa tɔxɛ alo esiwo sesẽ.

 

C. Viɖewo .

 

1. Ŋusẽ si le kɔkɔm kple esi nɔa anyi didina: Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu gã siwo tso kɔkrit xɔdzo kple agba kpekpewo me nu, si ana wòasɔ na dɔ gãwo kple xɔ kɔkɔwo.

 

2. Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewo ake nyuie wu zi geɖe (zi geɖe la, zi geɖe la, zi 20-25 alo esi wu nenema), si ɖea gazazã siwo nɔa anyi didi dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ na dɔ gãwo alo dɔwɔƒe siwo zãa agbalẽviwo enuenu.

 

3. pɛpɛpɛ kple ɖekawɔwɔ: Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewo naa didime siwo sɔ kple anyigba siwo le gbadzaa, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa kɔkrit si ƒe nyonyome de ŋgɔ si zi geɖe la, ehiãna be woawɔ nu ɖe ​​eŋu kpee vie.

 

4. Kɔkrit ƒe nuwuwu si le gbadzaa: gakpo si mexɔna o kple eƒe akpa si le gbadzaa la wɔnɛ be kɔkrit si kɔ wu la nɔa anyi wu, eye zi geɖe la, eɖea alesi woagawɔ dɔ ɖe edzi be woagazãe le anyigba dzi la ɖa.

 

5. Dzadzraɖo na dɔ gãwo: gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ sɔ nyuie na dɔ siwo bia be woazã agbalẽviwo enuenu, abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, alo mɔ̃wo ene.

 

6. Tsitretsitsi ɖe warping kple shrinkage ŋu: To vovo na atiwo la, gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ léa eƒe nɔnɔme kple lolome me ɖe asi eɖanye nɔnɔme ka mee nutome ƒe nɔnɔme alo ezazã enuenu le o.

 

D. Nusiwo gblẽ le ame ŋu .

 

1. Gazazã gbãtɔ si lolo wu: Ga si wodo ɖe ŋgɔ do ŋgɔ na gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ wu atiwo tɔ, si ate ŋu anye mɔxenu na dɔ suewo alo dɔwɔƒewo.

 

2. Kpekpeme si kpekpe wu: gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ sesẽ wu atiwo sã, zi geɖe la, ebiaa crane alo mɔ̃ bubuwo hena eɖoɖo kple eɖeɖe ɖa, si ate ŋu ana dɔa ƒe gazazãwo katã nadzi ɖe edzi.

 

3. Seɖoƒe li na asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔme kple lolome ŋu: Togbɔ be gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewo ƒe lolome le vovovo hã la, wometrɔa asi le wo ŋu bɔbɔe le teƒea o ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atiwo, si ate ŋu anye kuxi na dɔ siwo ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo alo esiwo le tɔtrɔm.

 

4. Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ŋutete si ate ŋu abu: Le yame ƒe fafa me la, gakpo ƒe wɔwɔme ate ŋu ana dzoxɔxɔ nabu wòagbɔ eme tso kɔkrit la gbɔ, si ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ɣeyiɣi siwo woatsɔ ada dɔe dzi eye kɔkrit ƒe ŋusẽ nate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe edzi.

 

5. Afɔku siwo le xɔxlɔ̃ me: Ga ƒe wɔwɔme bia be woalé be nɛ nyuie be wòaxe mɔ ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ kple xɔxlɔ̃ nu, vevietɔ ne wozãe le teƒe siwo tsi le alo le ƒuta.

 

iv. Ati kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo .

 

A. Gazazãwo Ŋu Bubu .

 

1. Gadede asi gbãtɔ:

   - Timber Formwork ƒe ga si wodona do ŋgɔ la le ʋɛ wu, si wɔe be woate ŋu akpɔe bɔbɔe na dɔ suewo alo dɔwɔƒe siwo si ga sue aɖe ko le.

   - gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ bia be woade ga gbãtɔ me le gɔmedzedzea me gake ate ŋu anye esi me gazazã mele o wu le ɣeyiɣi didi me na dɔ gãwo alo esiwo wogbugbɔna wɔna.

 

2. Ganyawo kple wo zazã ake ƒe ɣeyiɣi didi:

   - Togbɔ be atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe asi bɔbɔ le gɔmedzedzea me hã la, eƒe reusability si seɖoƒe li na (zi 4-6) fia be ga si woatsɔ aɖɔlii ate ŋu aƒo ƒu le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe.

   - gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple eƒe ŋutete be woagazãe zi gbɔ zi 20-25 alo esi wu nenema, zi geɖe la, eɖenɛ fiana be ga mele eme o na dɔwɔƒe siwo zãa formwork enuenu alo na dɔ gãwo.

 

B. Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Nuwo .

 

1. Ŋusẽ kple agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete:

   - Ga ƒe wɔwɔme nyo wu le ŋusẽ me, si te ŋu nɔa te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple agba siwo kɔ wu nu, si wɔe be wòsɔ nyuie na xɔ gãwo abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple tɔdzisasrãwo ene.

   - Ati ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ, togbɔ be esẽ na dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ hã la, ate ŋu abia kpekpeɖeŋu bubu na agba siwo kpekpe wu alo xɔ siwo kɔkɔ wu.

 

2. Nusiwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ kple woƒe nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome:

   - Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ naa wowɔa nu pɛpɛpɛ wu eye wowɔa nu ɖekae, si wɔnɛ be kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo le gbadzaa wu zi geɖe la, ehiãna be woawu enu vie wu.

   - Atiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu ana nu nyuiwo nado tso eme gake ate ŋu abia agbagbadzedze geɖe wu be woaɖo alesi wòle bɔbɔe eye wòle pɛpɛpɛ abe gakpo ene gbɔ.

 

3. Trɔtrɔ ɖe dɔ ŋu ɖe dɔa ƒomevi vovovowo ŋu:

   - Atiwo ƒe formwork naa asitɔtrɔ geɖe wu na nɔnɔme siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu kple asitɔtrɔ le teƒea ŋu, si wɔe be wòsɔ na dɔ siwo ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo alo esiwo le tɔtrɔm.

   - gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ sɔ nyuie na dɔ siwo me nu siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna alo aɖaŋu siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu le, si naa dɔwɔwɔ nyuie le kpekpe kple wo ɖeɖeɖa me.

 

C. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le nutome ŋu .

 

1. Nuwo ƒe anyinɔnɔ tegbee:

   - Atiwo, be woanye nusiwo woate ŋu awɔ yeyee, ate ŋu anye nusiwo me nutome mele o wu ne wokpɔe le ŋuɖɔɖo me.

   - Ga, togbɔ be womate ŋu awɔ yeyee o hã la, woate ŋu azãe ake ŋutɔ eye eƒe agbenɔƒe didi wu, si ate ŋu aɖe nunɔamesiwo zazã bliboa dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

2. Carbon ƒe afɔɖoƒe:

   - Atiwo ƒe formwork zi geɖe la, carbon footprint le sue wu le ewɔwɔ me gake ate ŋu akpe ɖe avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ ŋu ne womekpɔ wo dzi le mɔ si li ke nu o.

   - gakpo wɔwɔ ƒe gbãtɔ carbon footprint lolo wu, gake nusi wotsɔ wɔe ƒe agbenɔƒe didi kple egbugbɔgawɔ ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe.

 

3. Nusiwo woate ŋu azã ake:

   - Woate ŋu azã ati kple gakpo siaa, gake viɖe aɖe le gakpo ŋu le alesi wogbugbɔa nuawo wɔa dɔe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple eƒe blibonyenye gome.

 

D. Zãzã bɔbɔe .

 

1. Ðoɖowɔwɔ kple eɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖoa:

   - Ati ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le bɔbɔe wu eye ewɔwɔ le bɔbɔe wu, zi geɖe la, mehiãa mɔ̃ kpekpewo hena eɖoɖo alo eɖeɖe o.

   - Ga gbadzɛwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, esi wònye be elolo wu ta la, zi geɖe la, ebiaa crane alo mɔ̃ bubuwo, si ate ŋu ana nusiwo sesẽ kple gazazã nadzi ɖe edzi gake ate ŋu ana woaƒo ƒu kabakaba na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ.

 

2. Aɖaŋu ƒe seƒe si wobia tso dɔwɔlawo si:

   - Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ mebiaa aɖaŋu tɔxɛ boo aɖeke o, elabena woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu ahatrɔ asi le eŋu to atikpakpamɔnu siwo bɔ zazã me.

   - gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ate ŋu abia sidzedze tɔxɛ geɖe wu hena ƒoƒo ƒu nyuie kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu gake ate ŋu anɔ tẽ wu na aɖaŋu siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu.

 

3. Dzadzraɖo ƒe hiahiãwo:

   - Atiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bia be woalé ŋku ɖe wo ŋu edziedzi be woado wo, awɔ nu wòaƒu, alo agblẽ nu le wo ŋu, eye ate ŋu ahiã be woawɔ atike na wo be woatsɔ axe mɔ ɖe tsi ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ nu.

   - Ga gbadzɛwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hiã takpɔkpɔ tso gbeɖuɖɔ kple xɔxlɔ̃ me, vevietɔ le tsidzadza alo ƒuta nɔnɔmewo me, gake zi geɖe la, mehiãa beléle na wo edziedzi o.

 

E. Suitability na dɔa ƒomevi vovovowo .

 

1. Small-scale vs xɔtutu gãwo:

   - Wolɔ̃a atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme zi geɖe na dɔ suewo le eƒe gɔmedzedze ƒe gazazã si bɔbɔ ɖe anyi kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ bɔbɔe ta.

   - Ga gbadzɛwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ va zua gazazã nyuie wu eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie wu na dɔ gãwo, vevietɔ esiwo me nusiwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna le.

 

2. Aƒe siwo me woanɔ kple asitsaxɔwo:

   - Wozãa atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo zi geɖe le aƒewo tutu me, vevietɔ na aƒe siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu alo xɔdɔme suewo.

   - Wolɔ̃a gakpowo wɔwɔ ɖe asitsatsa gãwo, xɔ kɔkɔwo, kple xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo me le afisiwo duƒuƒu kple nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ le vevie ŋutɔ.

 

3. Dɔwɔnu tɔxɛwo:

   - Le xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo alo gbugbɔgaɖoanyi ƒe dɔwo gome la, atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ naa asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu geɖe wu kple tɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu bɔbɔe.

   - Ga gbadzɛwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyo wu le xɔtuɖoɖo gãwo abe tɔdzisasrãwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple mɔ̃wo ene me, afisi ŋusẽ kple gbugbɔgagblɔ nye nu veviwo le.

 

V. Nu yeyewo kple nusiwo le edzi yim le formwork me .

 

A. Nuɖoɖo siwo me wotsɔa ati kple gakpo ƒoa ƒui .

 

Esi xɔtudɔwɔƒewo le ŋgɔ yim la, nɔnɔme aɖe si le dzidzim ɖe edzi le hybrid formwork systems siwo ƒoa ati kple gakpo siaa ƒe viɖewo nu ƒu ŋu la le dzidzim ɖe edzi. Zi geɖe la, mɔ̃ siawo zãa gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo alo esiwo wotsɔna léa wo ɖe te ne atiwo dze ŋgɔ wo nɔewo, si wɔnɛ be ga si wotsɔ wɔa gae ƒe ŋusẽ kple atiwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu kple ga si wozãna ɖe wo ŋu la dana sɔna.

 

B. Nusiwo le dodom .

 

1. Aluminium Formwork: Amewo ƒe lɔlɔ̃ ɖe edzi le eƒe kpekpeme bɔbɔe kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ ta, aluminum formwork naa viɖe geɖe siwo le gakpo ŋu kple asiléle bɔbɔe.

 

2. Plastic Formwork: Nusiwo wowɔ le plastik kple nusiwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui me hea formwork tiatia yeye siwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe, siwo nɔa anyi didina, eye woate ŋu anye esiwo me nutome mele o vɛ.

 

C. Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Ŋgɔyiyiwo .

 

1. BIM Integration: Wole nyatakakawo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ (BIM) zãm geɖe wu tsɔ le formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie wu zãm, wole dɔ wɔm nyuie wu eye woaɖe gbeɖuɖɔwo dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

2. 3D tata: 3D tata mɔ̃ɖaŋununya zazã le dodokpɔ me hena nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ, vevietɔ na nɔnɔme sesẽwo alo esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu, nye nɔnɔme si le dodom.

 

3. Smart Sensors: Sensorwo ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae le formwork me be woalé ŋku ɖe kɔkrit ƒe dɔyɔyɔ, nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple nu bubuwo ŋu va le bɔbɔm ɖe edzi, vevietɔ le dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ me.

 

VI. Tiatia le atiwo kple gakpowo dome .

 

A. Nusiwo ŋu wòle be woabu le nyametsotsowɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖoa me .

 

1. Dɔwɔɖoɖo ƒe Dzidzenu kple Gazazã .

2. Nusi wobia be woawu enu ƒe nyonyome .

3. Xɔtutu ƒe duƒuƒu .

4. Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nutome ŋu .

5. Dɔwɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋudɔwɔlawo ƒe amesinɔnɔ .

6. Gazazã ƒe gɔmesese si anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi .

 

B. Nusiwo ŋu woabu le dɔa ŋu koŋ .

 

1. Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe sesẽ .

2. Nu veviwo gbugbɔgagblɔ .

3. Nudidi siwo ku ɖe agbatsɔtsɔ ŋu .

4. Dɔwɔɖoɖoa ƒe Ɣeyiɣikɔntabubu .

 

C. Nutome kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe nɔnɔmewo .

 

1. Nuwo ƒe anyinɔnɔ le nutoa me .

2. Yame ƒe nɔnɔme (dzoxɔxɔ, fafa) .

3. Nutoa me xɔtudɔwo kple ɖoɖowo .

 

VII. Ganyawo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le atiwo kple gakpowo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ŋu le ganyawo gome .

 

A. Nudzɔdzɔ na xɔtudɔwɔƒewo GDP .

 

Atiwo kple gakpowo siaa wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le xɔtudɔwɔƒewo, si nye nu vevi aɖe si kpena ɖe GDP ŋu le dukɔ geɖe me. Tiatia si le ati kple gakpo dome ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dɔa ƒe gazazãwo, ɣeyiɣi si woɖo ɖi, kple xɔtudɔwo ƒe ganyawo ƒe nyonyome bliboa dzi.

 

B. Dɔwɔɖui ƒe Dzidzime .

 

1. Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bia dɔ geɖe wɔwɔ hena eɖoɖo kple tɔtrɔ, si ate ŋu ana dɔ geɖe nato wo ŋu le ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe me.

2. Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ kple eɖoɖo tɔxɛ ate ŋu ana dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnukpɔkpɔ siwo me aɖaŋu le nava le ɣeyiɣi didi me.

 

C. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe dɔwɔƒe siwo do ƒome kplii dzi .

 

1. Atiwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ doa alɔ atiwo kple atiwo ŋuti dɔwɔƒewo.

2. Gaŋutiɖoɖowɔwɔ kpena ɖe gakpowo wɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔƒea ŋu, si wobuna zi geɖe be enye dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ganyawo ƒe megbeƒu.

 

D. Gazazã ƒe gɔmesesewo na xɔtudɔwo .

 

1. Gadede asi gbãtɔ kple ga si wodzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi:

   - Timber Formwork naa gazazã siwo bɔbɔ ɖe anyi do ŋgɔ gake ate ŋu ahe gazazã siwo anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi le esi womegazãnɛ ake o ta.

   - Steel formwork bia be woade ga geɖe wu le gɔmedzedzea me gake ate ŋu ana woaɖe ga geɖe dzi akpɔtɔ le dɔ gãwo alo esiwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna me.

 

2. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe dɔa ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖowo kple gazazãwo katã dzi:

   - Steel formwork ateŋu ahe xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo vɛ zi geɖe, si ate ŋu aɖe dɔa ƒe gazazã bliboa dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Timber Formwork ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu be woakpɔ tɔtrɔ siwo womele mɔ kpɔm na o gbɔ evɔ womawɔ gazazã geɖe wu o.

 

E. Asi ƒe nɔnɔmewo kple didi ƒe nyagblɔɖiwo .

 

1. Atiwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewo ƒe Asi:

   - Eyi edzi le sesẽm le xɔwo tutu kple xɔ suewo tutu me.

   - Kuxi siwo tso nutomenyawo gbɔ kple wo tutu be woakpɔ egbɔkpɔnu siwo anɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi wu gbɔ.

 

2. Ga formwork asi:

   - Nudidi si le dzidzim ɖe edzi le ganya siwo le ŋgɔ yim me kple xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo le ŋgɔ yim.

   - Vixɔxɔnyi ƒe dzidziɖedzi le dɔ gãwo kple xɔtuɖoɖowo me le xexeame katã.

 

F. Dziɖuɖu ƒe ɖoɖowo kple ɖoɖowo .

 

Dziɖuɖua ƒe ɖoɖo vovovowo, abe xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi ƒe ɖoɖowo kple nutome ƒe ɖoɖowo ene ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ati kple gakpo ƒe dɔwɔƒewo ƒe tiatia dzi vevie. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ɖoɖo siwo doa xɔtutu si li tegbee ɖe ŋgɔ ate ŋu alɔ̃ ati siwo woakpɔ tso eme le agbanɔamedzi me, esime dugãwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyidɔ gãwo ate ŋu ana woadi gakpowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo geɖe wu.

 

VIII. Dɔwɔwɔ kple aɖaŋu tɔxɛwo .

 

A. Atiwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le Xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo me .

 

1. Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kɔnkrit kple atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ƒe nuwuwu:

   - Ati ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nyo wu le kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woŋlɔ nu ɖo alo esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu wɔwɔ me.

   - Zi geɖe la, wodina wu na dɔ siwo hiã dzɔdzɔme alo kɔƒenutome atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo.

 

2. Nɔnɔme siwo le goglo eye wo me kɔ:

   - Atiwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu ɖea mɔ be woawɔ nɔnɔme siwo le ƒoƒom alo esiwo mewɔ ɖeka kple ɖoɖo o bɔbɔe.

   - Eɖea vi ŋutɔ le xɔtuɖaŋu alo etɔxɛ ƒe xɔtuɖaŋuwo me.

 

3. Ŋutinya me nuwo gbugbɔgaɖɔɖodɔwo:

   - Wotiaa atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme zi geɖe hena gbugbɔgaɖoanyidɔwo wɔwɔ ɖe ŋutinya me xɔwo dzi be woalé nyateƒetoto me ɖe asi.

   - Eɖe mɔ be woagbugbɔ awɔ xɔtuɖaŋu gbãtɔ tsitotsito pɛpɛpɛ.

 

B. gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le xɔ gãwo kple esiwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna me .

 

1. Xɔ kɔkɔwo kple dziƒoxɔ tuɖedziwo:

   - Steel Formwork ƒe ŋusẽ kple nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ na wòsɔ nyuie na xɔ kɔkɔwo.

   - Modular Steel Systems ate ŋu awɔ anyigba ƒe nɔnɔmetata siwo wogbugbɔna la tutu kabakaba ŋutɔ.

 

2. Tɔdzisasrã kple Tɔdzisasrãwo Xɔtuɖaŋu:

   - Ga si wotsɔ wɔa agbae ƒe ŋutete gã la le vevie ŋutɔ le xɔ gã siawo me.

   - Eƒe anyinɔnɔ didi ɖe mɔ be woazãe ɣeyiɣi didi le ɣeyiɣi didi ƒe xɔtuɖoɖowo me.

 

3. Tunnel ƒe agbalẽviwo ƒe ɖoɖowo:

   - Wowɔ gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo hena mɔ̃wo wɔwɔ nyuie.

   - Zi geɖe la, ɖoɖo siawo te ŋu ƒua gliwo kple kpe gbadzɛwo le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa dɔa kabakaba ŋutɔ.

 

C. Atiwo kple gakpowo ƒoƒo ƒu ɖekae hena emetsonu nyuitɔwo kekeake .

 

1. Nuɖoanyi siwo me wozãa nu vovovowo le:

   - Gaxɔ siwo me atiwo le zazã ƒoa gakpo ƒe ŋusẽ kple atiwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu nu ƒu.

   - Mɔnu sia ateŋu awɔ dɔ nyuie ŋutɔ le dɔ siwo me nu siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu kple esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu siaa le la me.

 

2. Dɔ ɖeka ma ke ƒe akpa vovovowo zazã kpe ɖe eŋu:

   - Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ na xɔ gã la, esime wozãa ati ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ na nusiwo me kɔ alo esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu.

   - Aɖaŋu sia ɖe mɔ na nu ɖesiaɖe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã nyuie.

 

D. Aɖaŋu deŋgɔwo wɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo .

 

1. Slip wɔwɔ kple tolili ƒe nɔnɔme:

   - Mɔnu siawo, siwo wozãna zi geɖe la, wozãa gakpo ƒe nɔnɔme, ɖea mɔ na kɔkrit si me womeɖea asi le o la kɔklɔ ɖe xɔ kɔkɔwo me.

   - Woɖea xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ na xɔwo abe xɔ kɔkɔwo kple silo ene.

 

2. Self-compacting concrete kple eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe formwork tiatia dzi:

   - Kɔkrit si wɔa eɖokui zazã ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe formwork tiatia dzi, zi geɖe la, elɔ̃a gakpo le esi wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe hadrolik ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo kɔ wu nu ta.

 

3. Formwork ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ:

   - Wozãa ati kple gakpo siaa le formwork ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ me, si woate ŋu aƒo ƒu kabakaba le teƒea.

   - Nuɖoanyi siawo va le bɔbɔm ɖe edzi le woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple woƒe ɖekawɔwɔ ta.

 

IX. Nyanuwuwuw

 

Gake gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo ya klẽna le xɔtudɔ gã siwo wogbugbɔna wɔna me, afisi ŋusẽ, alesi wònɔa anyi didina, kple alesi wowɔa nu pɛpɛpɛe nye nu vevitɔ kekeake le. Eƒe ŋutete be woagazãe zi geɖe la na be ga menɔa anyi na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ o, togbɔ be ga si wodo ɖe eme le gɔmedzedzea me sɔ gbɔ wu hã.

 

Xɔtudɔwɔƒea va le ekpɔm dze sii geɖe wu be menye wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe alo nyametsotsoe tiatia si wowɔna le atiwo kple gakpowo wɔwɔ dome la nye ɣesiaɣi o. Nu eve siwo wotsɔ tsaka kple nu eveawo zazã kpe ɖe dɔ aɖe ŋu le dɔ aɖe ƒe akpa vovovowo va le bɔbɔm ɖe edzi, si na be xɔtulawo te ŋu wɔa nu ɖesiaɖe ƒe ŋusẽ ŋudɔ.

 

Esi dɔwɔƒea le tɔtrɔm la, nu yeyewo le nuwo kple aɖaŋuwo me yi edzi le nɔnɔme wɔm le formwork ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu. Aluminium kple plastik formworks ƒe dodo, tsɔ kpe ɖe ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le nuwo wɔwɔ do ŋgɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siwo wozãna le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me ŋu, le tiatia siwo li na xɔtudɔwɔlawo la kekem ɖe enu.

 

Mlɔeba la, ele be woatu nyametsotso si le atiwo kple gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dome ɖe nusiwo ku ɖe dɔa koŋ ŋu la me dzodzro nyuie dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

 

1. Dɔa ƒe lolome kple eƒe sesẽ .

2. Gazazã ƒe mɔxenuwo .

3. Nusi wobia be woawu enu ƒe nyonyome .

4. Xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe ɣeyiɣikɔntabubu .

5. Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nutome ŋu .

6. Nuwo ƒe anyinɔnɔ le nutoa me kple dɔnyala bibiwo .

7. Ganyawo ƒe gɔmesese si anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi .

 

Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba aƒu ŋusẽ si tiatia sia akpɔ ɖe ganyawo dzi le mɔ si keke ta wu nu dzi o. Atiwo kple gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo siaa kpena ɖe xɔtudɔwɔƒewo ƒe GDP kple dɔwɔɖui ŋu vevie. Formwork material tiatia ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ame ɖekaɖekawo ƒe dɔa me tsonu ɖeɖeko dzi o, ke boŋ ganyawo ƒe nɔnɔme si keke ta wu le dɔwɔƒe siwo do ƒome kplii hã dzi.

 

Abe alesi míele etsɔme kpɔm ene la, anɔ eme be nusiwo ŋu woatsi dzi ɖo be woanɔ anyi ɖaa la awɔ akpa vevi aɖe le afakaka tiatia me. Esia ate ŋu aʋã nu yeye bubuwo le atiwo kple gakpowo siaa me, eye woawɔ mɔnu yeye siwo me afɔku mele o, siwo me afɔku mele o.

 

Le nyataƒoƒo me la, togbɔ be ati kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe nɔnɔme to vovo eye wozãnɛ nyuie hã la, nu vevitɔ si ana woatu xɔtutu dzidzedzetɔe lae nye be woase vovototo siawo gɔme eye woawɔ tiatia siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe. To dɔa ƒe nudidiwo, ganyawo ƒe nɔnɔmewo, kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe nutome dzi ŋu nyuie me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu atia xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kuxia gbɔkpɔnu si sɔ wu, alo egbɔkpɔnuwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, be woakpɔ egbɔ be wowɔe nyuie wu le xɔtudɔwo wɔwɔ me.