Vovototo kae le atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo kple gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo dome?

I. Ŋgɔdonya

 

Le xɔtutu ƒe xexeame la, xɔtuɖaŋu wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit xɔtunuwo ƒe nɔnɔme wɔwɔ me. Ewɔa dɔ abe ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe aŋenu si me wokɔa kɔkrit ɖe eme hewɔa nu le ene. Nusiwo woatsɔ awɔ xɔtuɖaŋu tiatia kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtutu ƒe ɖoɖoa, dɔa ƒe ɣeyiɣi ɖoɖo, kple gazazã bliboa dzi vevie. Le nu vovovo siwo li dome la, ati kple gakpo ɖe dzesi ŋutɔ be wonye tiatia eve siwo wozãna wu le xɔtuɖaŋu me le xɔtutu me.

 

Formwork, si wogayɔna be shuttering alo molding, nyea kɔkrit-xɔ ƒe ‘ƒunukpeƒe’ koŋ hafi wòxɔa eƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ kple ŋusẽ. Enye nu vevi aɖe le xɔtutu me, zi geɖe la, exɔa 20-25% alo esi wu nenema le dɔa ƒe gazazã bliboa me. Nu vovovowo tiatia nɔ te ɖe nu vovovowo dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ŋusẽ, sesẽ, tsi si le dodom dzi ɖuɖu, alesi woate ŋu akpɔe, alesi woate ŋu azãe ake, gazazã nyuie, dzidodo, kple nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome.

 

Le nyati sia me la, míaku nu me ayi ati kple gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe xexeame goglo, eye míadzro woƒe nɔnɔmewo, viɖe siwo le wo ŋu, woƒe kuxiwo, kple alesi wotsɔ wo sɔ kple wo nɔewo le xɔtutu ƒe akpa vovovowo me. Èɖanye xɔtuɖaŋunyala, xɔtuɖaŋusrɔ̃vi, alo ɖeko nèdi be yeanya nu tso xɔtuɖaŋuwo ŋu o, tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo sia ana gɔmesese veviwo nasu asiwò le nyametsotso vevi si nàwɔ be nàtia ati kple gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ŋu.

 

II. Atiwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ

 

A. Gɔmeɖeɖe kple hakpakpa

 

Atiwo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu nye xɔtuɖaŋu ƒomevi xoxotɔwo kple esiwo wozãna tsã wu dometɔ ɖeka. Ebia be woazã atiwo atsɔ awɔ aŋenuwo na kɔnkrit xɔtunuwo. Woate ŋu atsɔ ati ƒomevi vovovowo awɔ ati ƒe xɔmenuwo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ati falɛfalɛwo abe spruce, pine, alo fir ene, kpakple ati siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le abe plywood ene.

 

B. Ati ƒomevi siwo wozãna

 

1. Ati sesẽwo: Zi geɖe la, ati falɛfalɛwoe wodina wu le woƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple gazazã nyuie ta.

2. Plywood: Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa nusiwo wotsɔa aŋɔ ƒoa nui wɔa dɔe be wòanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi eye wòana eƒe gowo nanyo ɖe edzi.

3. Ati siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le: Wozãa nusiwo le abe oriented strand board (OSB) ene ɣeaɖewoɣi hena dɔ aɖewo koŋ wɔwɔ.

 

C. Viɖe siwo le eŋu

 

1. Gazazã nyuie: Zi geɖe la, atiwo mexɔ asi boo o wu gakpo, si wɔe be wònyea tiatia si hea ame na dɔ suewo alo ne gazazã ƒe kuxiwo lolo ŋutɔ.

 

.

 

3. Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le ati ŋu: Woate ŋu atso ati bɔbɔe, atrɔ asi le eŋu, ahatrɔ asi le eŋu le teƒea be wòasɔ ɖe atsyã vovovowo ƒe nudidiwo alo tɔtrɔ siwo woawɔ le aɖabaƒoƒo mamlɛtɔ me nu.

 

4. Tsi xɔxɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo: Ŋutete le ati ŋu be wòaxɔ tsi si sɔ gbɔ ɖe kɔkrit me, si ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu be wòagagbã o eye wòakpɔ egbɔ be wowu enu wòasɔ ɖe enu.

 

5. Nutome xɔlɔ̃wɔwɔ: Ati nye nusi woate ŋu awɔ yeyee, si wɔe be atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo nye tiatia si me gblẽa nu le nutome ŋu wu ne wokpɔ wo tso teƒe nyuitɔ.

 

6. Dzoxɔxɔnutsitike: Atiwo naa xɔxlɔ̃ nyuie, si kpena ɖe eŋu be kɔkrit ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nɔa anyi ɖaa le eƒe dɔyɔɣi, si ɖea vi ŋutɔ le yame ƒe fafa me.

 

7. Alesi woate ŋu atrɔ asi le atiwo ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ ŋu: Alesi wòle bɔbɔe be woatrɔ asi le atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo ŋu le teƒea na be woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ƒe tɔtrɔwo alo nɔnɔme siwo womekpɔ mɔ na o ŋu le xɔtutu me.

 

D. Nusiwo gblẽ le eŋu

 

1. Seɖoƒe li na alesi woate ŋu azãe ake: Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe xɔtunu ƒe agbenɔƒe nɔa kpuie wu ne wotsɔe sɔ kple gakpo, eye nyatakakatsoƒe akpa gãtɔ gblɔ be zi 4 va ɖo 6 koe woate ŋu azãe ake hafi ahiã be woaɖɔlii.

 

2. Nya siwo ate ŋu ado ƒome kple tsidzadza: Ne atiawo ƒu akpa la, ate ŋu axɔ tsi si le kɔkrit la me, si ate ŋu ana xɔtunu si do tso eme la nagbɔdzɔ. Le go bubu me la, ne tsi sɔ gbɔ ɖe atiawo me (wu 20%) la, ate ŋu ana kɔnkrit natsi eye wòaƒo kplu, si ana ƒunukpeƒewo naʋu eye grout nado.

 

3. Agbenɔƒe kpui: Atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo gblẽna kabakaba wu gakpo, vevietɔ ne wodo wo ɖe yame ƒe nɔnɔmewo me alo wozãe enuenu.

 

4. Nutomenyawo: Togbɔ be woate ŋu awɔ ati yeyewo hã la, atiwo zazã ate ŋu awɔ akpa aɖe le avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ me ne womekpɔ wo tso teƒe si li tegbee o.

 

III. Ga si Wotsɔ Wɔe

 

A. Gɔmeɖeɖe kple hakpakpa

 

Ga ƒe nɔnɔme nyea aŋɔ siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ siwo wotsɔ gakpo tsɛwo wɔe, eye zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo ƒe dzogoe suewo sesẽna ɖe goawo dzi. Woate ŋu awɔ xɔtunu siawo le nɔnɔme kple lolome vovovowo me be woasɔ ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu vovovowo nu.

 

B. Ga ƒomevi siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe

 

1. Panel systems: Gakpo siwo wozãna ɖaa siwo woate ŋu aƒo ƒu awɔ xɔ gãwo.

2. Modular systems: Dɔwɔɖoɖo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ siwo wowɔ na xɔ ƒomevi aɖewo koŋ, abe gliwo, sɔtiwo, alo kpe gbadzɛwo ene.

3. Custom-fabricated formwork: Wotrɔ asi le etɔxɛe gakpo formwork na etɔxɛ alo sesẽ xɔtunu.

 

C. Viɖe siwo le eŋu

 

1. Ŋusẽ gã kple enɔa anyi didi: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ siwo tso kɔkrit xɔdzo kple agba kpekpewo gbɔ nu, si wɔe be wòsɔ na dɔ gãwo kple xɔ kɔkɔwo tutu.

 

.

 

.

 

4. Kɔkrit si le gbadzaa: Alesi gakpo mexɔa tsi o kple eƒe akpa si le gbadzaa la wɔnɛ be kɔkrit ƒe nuwuwu nyona wu, si wɔnɛ be zi geɖe la, mehiã be woagawɔ dɔ ɖe edzi o.

 

5. Alesi wòsɔ na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ: Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe sɔ nyuie na dɔ siwo bia be woazã agbalẽviawo enuenu, abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, alo mɔdodowo ene.

 

6. Tsitretsitsi ɖe atiwo ƒe ʋuʋu kple ʋuʋu ŋu: To vovo na atiwo la, gakpo ƒe xɔtunu léa eƒe nɔnɔme kple lolome me ɖe asi eɖanye nutome ƒe nɔnɔme alo eŋudɔwɔwɔ enuenu o.

 

D. Nusiwo gblẽ le eŋu

 

1. Ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me si lolo wu: Ga si wodona do ŋgɔ na gakpowo ƒe xɔtunuwo sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ wu atiwo, si ate ŋu anye mɔxenu na dɔ suewo alo dɔwɔƒe suewo.

 

.

 

3. Seɖoƒe li na asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔme kple lolome ŋu: Togbɔ be gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewo ƒe lolome le vovovo siwo woɖo ɖi hã la, womate ŋu atrɔ asi le wo ŋu bɔbɔe le teƒea ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atiwo o, si ate ŋu anye kuxi na dɔ siwo me nudidi tɔxɛwo alo esiwo le tɔtrɔm le.

 

4. Dzoxɔxɔ si ate ŋu agblẽ: Le yame ƒe fafa me la, gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo ate ŋu ana dzoxɔxɔ nabu fũu akpa tso kɔnkrit la me, si ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe ɣeyiɣi siwo wòatsɔ awɔ dɔe kple eƒe ŋusẽ dzi.

 

5. Afɔku siwo le xɔxlɔ̃ me: Ele be woalé be na gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo nyuie be woaxe mɔ ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ kple xɔxlɔ̃ nu, vevietɔ ne wozãe le teƒe siwo fa miamiamia alo ƒuta.

 

IV. Atiwo Kple Ga Siwo Wotsɔ Wɔ Nuwo Sɔsɔ Kple Wo Nɔewo

 

A. Gazazã ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo

 

1. Gadede asi gbãtɔ:

   - Atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe ga si wozãna do ŋgɔ la le ʋɛ wu, si wɔe be woate ŋu akpɔe bɔbɔe na dɔ suewo alo dɔwɔƒe siwo si ga sue aɖe le.

   - Steel formwork bia be woade ga geɖe wu le gɔmedzedzea me gake ate ŋu anye gazazã nyuie wu le ɣeyiɣi didi me na dɔ gãwo alo esiwo wogbugbɔ wɔna.

 

2. Ganyawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi didi kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ ake:

   - Togbɔ be atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe asi bɔbɔ wu le gɔmedzedzea me hã la, eƒe gbugbɔgazã si seɖoƒe li na (zi 4-6) fia be ga si woatsɔ aɖɔli wo ate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe.

   - Gakpo ƒe xɔtunu, kple eƒe ŋutete be woagazãe zi gbɔ zi 20-25 alo esi wu nenema, ɖenɛ fiana zi geɖe be eɖea vi na dɔwɔƒe siwo zãa xɔtunu enuenu alo na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ.

 

B. Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo

 

1. Ŋusẽ kple agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete:

   - Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwo ƒe ŋusẽ nyo wu, ete ŋu nɔa te ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple agba gãwo nu, si wɔe be wòsɔ nyuie na xɔ gãwo abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple tɔdzisasrãwo ene.

   - Atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo, togbɔ be wosẽ ale gbegbe be woate ŋu azã wo geɖe hã la, ate ŋu abia be woakpe ɖe wo ŋu kpee na agba siwo kpekpe wu alo xɔ siwo kɔkɔ wu.

 

2. Nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ kple nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome:

   - Ga si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe naa wowɔa nu pɛpɛpɛ eye wòwɔa ɖeka nyuie wu, si wɔnɛ be kɔkrit ƒe anyigbawo le gbadzaa wu eye zi geɖe la, ebiana be woawu enu vie wu.

   - Atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme ate ŋu ana nu nyuiwo nado tso eme gake ate ŋu abia agbagbadzedze geɖe wu be woaɖo blɔ kple pɛpɛpɛ abe alesi gakpo wɔe ene.

 

3. Trɔtrɔ ɖe dɔ vovovowo ŋu:

   - Atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo naa woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu geɖe wu na nɔnɔme siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu kple asitɔtrɔ le teƒea, si wɔe be wòsɔ na dɔ siwo me nudidi tɔxɛwo alo esiwo le tɔtrɔm le.

   - Steel formwork sɔ nyuie na dɔwo kple nusiwo gbugbɔna alo standardized designs, naa dɔwɔwɔ nyuie le kpekpe kple disassembly.

 

C. Nutoa me ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi

 

1. Nusiwo wotsɔ wɔe ƒe anyinɔnɔ tegbee:

   - Ati, esi wònye nusi woate ŋu awɔ yeyee ta la, ate ŋu anye nusi me gblẽa nu le nutome ŋu wu ne wokpɔe le agbanɔamedzi me.

   - Gakpo, togbɔ be womate ŋu awɔe yeyee o hã la, woate ŋu agbugbɔ awɔe ŋutɔ eye eƒe agbenɔƒe didi wu, si ate ŋu aɖe nunɔamesiwo zazã bliboa dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

2. Carbon ƒe afɔɖoƒe:

   - Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe carbon footprint medea ewɔwɔ me o gake ate ŋu awɔ akpa aɖe le avewo tsɔtsrɔ̃ me ne womekpɔ wo dzi le mɔ si li tegbee nu o.

   - Gawo wɔwɔ ƒe carbon footprint le gɔmedzedzea me lolo wu, gake nusi wotsɔ wɔe ƒe agbenɔƒe didi kple alesi woate ŋu agbugbɔ awɔe ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe esia nu le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe.

 

3. Nusiwo woate ŋu azã ake:

   - Atiwo kple gakpo siaa nye esiwo woate u agbugbɔ azã, gake viɖe le gakpo ŋu le alesi wogbugbɔ zãa woe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple eƒe blibonyenye gome.

 

D. Ezazã bɔbɔe

 

1. Eɖoɖo kple eɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖo:

   - Atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe wɔwɔme le bɔbɔe wu eye wo zazã le bɔbɔe wu, zi geɖe la, mehiã be woatsɔ mɔ̃ sesẽwo ade eme alo aɖe wo ɖa o.

   - Ga ƒe nɔnɔme, esi wòlolo wu ta la, zi geɖe la, ebiana be woatsɔ crane alo mɔ̃ bubuwo awɔ dɔe, si ate ŋu ana woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nasesẽ eye woƒe gazazã nadzi ɖe edzi gake ate ŋu ana woate ŋu aƒo wo nu ƒu kabakaba wu na dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ.

 

2. Aɖaŋu ƒe seƒe si wobia tso dɔwɔlawo si:

   - Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme mebiaa aɖaŋu tɔxɛ aɖeke o, elabena woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu ahatrɔ asi le eŋu to atikpala ƒe mɔnu siwo bɔ zazã me.

   - Steel formwork ateŋu abia sidzedze tɔxɛ geɖe wu hena ƒoƒo nyuie kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie gake ateŋu anɔ tẽ wu na standardized designs.

 

3. Beléle na xɔa ƒe hiahiãwo:

   - Atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo hiã be woalé ŋku ɖe wo ŋu edziedzi be wovuvu, wotro, alo wogblẽ hã, eye ate ŋu ahiã be woawɔ atike na wo be tsi nagaxɔ wo o.

   - Gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo hiã takpɔkpɔ tso gbeɖuɖɔ kple xɔxlɔ̃ me, vevietɔ le teƒe siwo fa miamiamia alo ƒuta, gake zi geɖe la, mehiã beléle nɛ edziedzi o.

 

E. Anyo na dɔ vovovowo wɔwɔ

 

1. Xɔtuɖoɖo suewo vs gãwo:

   - Wolɔ̃a atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo zi geɖe na dɔ suewo le esi ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me le sue wu eye wo zazã le bɔbɔe ta.

   - Steel formwork va zua ga si me ga mele o eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie wu na dɔ gãwo, vevietɔ esiwo me nu siwo gbugbɔna yia edzi le.

 

2. Aƒewo kple asitsaƒewo:

   - Wozãa atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo zi geɖe le aƒewo tutu me, vevietɔ na aƒe siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu alo xɔdɔme suewo.

   - Wolɔ̃a gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo wɔwɔ na asitsatsa gãwo, xɔ kɔkɔwo, kple xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo le afisiwo duƒuƒu kple nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ le vevie ŋutɔ.

 

3. Xɔtuɖoɖo tɔxɛwo:

   - Le xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo alo nuwo gbugbɔgaɖɔɖodɔwo gome la, atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo naa woate ŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu geɖe wu eye woate ŋu atrɔ asi le wo ŋu bɔbɔe.

   - Ga ƒe xɔtuɖoɖowo nyo wu le xɔtuɖoɖo gãwo abe tɔdzisasrãwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple mɔdodowo ene me, afisi ŋusẽ kple gbugbɔgawɔ nye nu veviwo le.

 

V. Nu yeyewo kple Nɔnɔmewo le Formwork me

 

A. Ati kple gakpo ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wotsɔ tsaka

 

Esi xɔtudɔwɔƒea le ŋgɔ yim la, nɔnɔme si le dzidzim ɖe edzi le xɔtuɖaŋu siwo wotsɔa ati kple gakpo siaa ƒe viɖewo ƒoa ƒui ŋu. Zi geɖe la, wozãa gakpo ƒe xɔtunu alo nusiwo wotsɔ léa nu ɖe ​​te siwo dze ŋgɔ atiwo, si wɔnɛ be gakpo ƒe ŋusẽ kple atiwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu kple gazazã nyuie ƒe dadasɔ.

 

B. Nusiwo le dodom

 

1. Aluminium-mɔ̃: Esi wòxɔ ŋkɔ le eƒe kpekpeme si le bɔbɔe eye wònɔa anyi didina ta la, aluminum-mɔ̃a naa viɖe geɖe siwo le gakpo ŋu kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ bɔbɔe.

 

2. Plastik-mɔ̃: Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le plastik kple nusiwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui me le mɔ̃ yeye siwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe, siwo nɔa anyi didina, eye woate ŋu agblẽ nu le nutome ŋu wu la wɔm.

 

C. Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyi

 

1. BIM ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae: Wole Xɔtunyawo ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu (BIM) zãm geɖe wu tsɔ le xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie wu, si ana dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi eye woaɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

2. 3D tata: 3D tata mɔ̃ɖaŋununya zazã dodokpɔ hena nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ, vevietɔ na nɔnɔme sesẽwo alo esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu, nye nusi le dodom.

 

3. Smart sensors: Sensorwo dede formwork me be woatsɔ alé ŋku ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe dɔyɔyɔ, eƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple nu bubuwo ŋu va le bɔbɔm wu, vevietɔ le dɔ gãwo wɔwɔ me.

 

VI. Tiatia Tiatia Kple Ga Siwo Wotsɔ Wɔ Nui Dome

 

A. Nusiwo ŋu wòle be woabu le nyametsotsowɔwɔ me

 

1. Dɔa ƒe lolome kple gazazã

2. Nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome si wobia

3. Xɔtutu ƒe duƒuƒu

4. Nutoa me ŋu bubu

5. Dɔwɔla bibiwo ƒe amesinɔnɔ

6. Nusiwo wòagblẽ le gazazã ŋu ɣeyiɣi didi

 

B. Dɔa koŋ ŋu bubu

 

1. Alesi wowɔe wòsesẽ

2. Nu veviwo gbugbɔgagblɔ

3. Agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe nudidiwo

4. Dɔa ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo

 

C. Nutome kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe nɔnɔmewo

 

1. Nusiwo woatsɔ awɔ dɔe le nutoa me

2. Yame ƒe nɔnɔme (dzoxɔxɔ, fafa) .

3. Nutoa me xɔtuɖoɖowo kple ɖoɖowo

 

VII. Atiwo Kple Gakpowo ƒe Dɔwɔnuwo ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le Ganyawo Ŋu

 

A. Nudzɔdzɔ si wowɔna le xɔtudɔwɔƒea ƒe GDP me

 

Ati kple gakpo siaa wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le xɔtudɔa me, si nye nu vevi aɖe si naa GDP le dukɔ geɖe me. Tiatia si woawɔ le ati kple gakpo dome ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dɔa ƒe gazazãwo, ɣeyiɣi siwo woɖo ɖi, kple xɔtudɔwo ƒe ganyawo ƒe nyonyome bliboa dzi.

 

B. Dɔwɔɖui ƒe dzidziɖedzi

 

1. Zi geɖe la, atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo bia dɔwɔlawo geɖe wu le wo ɖoɖo kple wo tɔtrɔ me, si ate ŋu ana dɔ geɖe nasu ame si le ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe me.

2. Steel formwork wɔwɔ kple etɔxɛe dede ate ŋu ana aɖaŋu deŋgɔ dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnukpɔkpɔwo le ɣeyiɣi didi me.

 

C. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe dɔwɔƒe siwo do ƒome kplii dzi

 

1. Atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo doa alɔ atiwo kple atiwo ŋuti dɔwɔƒewo.

2. Gakpowo ƒe wɔwɔme kpena ɖe gakpowo wɔwɔ ŋu, si wobuna zi geɖe be enye dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ganyawo ƒe megbeƒu.

 

D. Gazazã ƒe gɔmesese na xɔtudɔwo

 

1. Gadede asi le gɔmedzedzea me tsɔ wu ga si wodzra ɖo ɣeyiɣi didi:

   - Atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo naa ga si wozãna do ŋgɔ la le ʋɛ wu gake ate ŋu ahe gazazã geɖe vɛ ɣeyiɣi didi le esi womate ŋu azãe ake o ta.

   - Steel formwork bia be woade ga geɖe wu le gɔmedzedzea me gake ate ŋu ana woadzra ga geɖe ɖo le dɔ gãwo alo esiwo wogbugbɔna wɔna me.

 

2. Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe dɔa ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖowo kple gazazãwo katã dzi:

   - Zi geɖe la, gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ate ŋu ana xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo nayi kabakaba, si ate ŋu aɖe dɔa ƒe gazazãwo katã dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu woakpɔ tɔtrɔ siwo womele mɔ kpɔm na o gbɔ evɔ gazazãwo magbɔ eme fũ o.

 

E. Asitsatsa ƒe nɔnɔmewo kple didi ƒe nyagblɔɖiwo

 

1. Atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe asi:

   - Eyi edzi sesẽ le aƒewo kple xɔ suewo tutu me.

   - Kuxi siwo tso nutomenyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ kple egbɔkpɔnu siwo anɔ anyi ɖaa wu ƒe ʋiʋli.

 

2. Ga si wotsɔa gakpo wɔe ƒe asi:

   - Nudidi si le dzidzim ɖe edzi le ganya siwo le ŋgɔ yim me kple xɔtudɔwɔƒe siwo le ŋgɔ yim.

   - Woadzi wo xɔxɔ ɖe edzi le dɔ gãwo kple xɔtuɖoɖowo me le xexeame katã.

 

F. Dziɖuɖua ƒe ɖoɖowo kple afɔɖeɖewo

 

Dziɖuɖu ƒe ɖoɖo vovovowo, abe xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi ƒe ɖoɖowo kple nutome ƒe sewo ene, ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe atiwo kple gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo ƒe tiatia dzi vevie. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ɖoɖo siwo doa xɔtutu si li tegbee ɖe ŋgɔ ate ŋu ado dzidzɔ na ati siwo wokpɔna le agbanɔamedzi me, evɔ dugãwo me ŋgɔyiyidɔ gãwo ate ŋu ana woadi gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖoɖowo geɖe wu.

 

VIII. Dɔwɔwɔ Kple Mɔnu Tɔxɛwo

 

A. Atiwo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu le xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo me

 

1. Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kɔkrit kple atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ƒe nuwuwu:

   - Atiwo ƒe xɔmenuwo bi ɖe kɔkrit ƒe anyigba siwo dzi woŋlɔ nu ɖo alo esiwo ƒe nɔnɔme le abe nɔnɔme ene la wɔwɔ me.

   - Wolɔ̃nɛ zi geɖe na dɔ siwo hiã dzɔdzɔme alo kɔƒenutome atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo.

 

2. Nɔnɔme siwo le goglo eye woƒe nɔnɔme sesẽ:

   - Atiwo ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu na be woate ŋu awɔ nɔnɔme siwo le goglo alo esiwo mele ɖoɖo nu o bɔbɔe.

   - Eɖea vi ŋutɔ le kpememe alo xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo me.

 

3. Ŋutinya me nuwo gbugbɔgaɖɔɖodɔwo:

   - Zi geɖe la, wotiaa atiwo ƒe xɔtunuwo hena ŋutinya me xɔwo gbugbɔgaɖɔɖodɔwo wɔwɔ be woalé nyateƒetoto me ɖe asi.

   - Enaa woate ŋu agbugbɔ xɔtuɖaŋu gbãtɔwo ƒe nyatakakawo awɔ pɛpɛpɛ.

 

B. Ga ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le xɔ gãwo kple esiwo wogbugbɔna wɔna me

 

1. Xɔ kɔkɔwo kple dziƒoxɔ kɔkɔwo:

   - Steel formwork ƒe ŋusẽ kple pɛpɛpɛ na wòsɔ nyuie na xɔ kɔkɔwo.

   - Modular gakpo ɖoɖowo ate ŋu awɔ anyigba ƒe nɔnɔmetata siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna la tutu kabakaba ŋutɔ.

 

2. Tɔdzisasrã kple tɔdzisasrãwo tutu:

   - Agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete gã si le gakpo ƒe xɔtunu ŋu le vevie ŋutɔ le xɔ gã siawo me.

   - Eƒe anyinɔnɔ tegbee na woate ŋu azãe ɣeyiɣi didi le xɔtuɖoɖo siwo axɔ ɣeyiɣi didi me.

 

3. Mɔ̃memimɔ̃wo ƒe xɔtuɖoɖowo:

   - Woto gakpo ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo tɔxɛwo vɛ hena mɔdodowo tutu nyuie.

   - Zi geɖe la, ɖoɖo siawo te ŋu tsɔa gliwo kple kpe gbadzɛwo ƒua gbe le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me, si wɔnɛ be dɔa nawɔ kabakaba ŋutɔ.

 

C. Ati kple gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo tsɔtsɔ ƒo ƒui hena nu nyuitɔ kekeake

 

1. Nuɖoanyi siwo wotsɔa nu vovovowo tsakana:

   - Gakpo siwo ŋu atiwo ƒe ʋuƒo le zazã ƒoa gakpo ƒe ŋusẽ kple ati ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu nu ƒu ɖekae.

   - Mɔnu sia ate ŋu awɔ dɔ nyuie ŋutɔ le dɔ siwo me wowɔa nusiwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu kple esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu siaa me.

 

2. Zãzã kpe ɖe eŋu le dɔ ɖeka ma ke ƒe akpa vovovowo:

   - Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe xɔtunu na xɔ vevitɔa, gake woazã ati ƒe xɔtunu na xɔtunu siwo wowɔ tsitotsito alo esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu.

   - Mɔnu sia ɖea mɔ be woazã nu ɖesiaɖe ƒe ŋusẽ nyuie wu.

 

D. Formwork ƒe mɔnu deŋgɔwo

 

1. Slip wɔwɔ kple tolili formwork:

   - Mɔnu siawo, siwo wozãna zi geɖe la, wozãa gakpo ƒe xɔmenuwo, ɖea mɔ be woakɔ kɔkrit ɖe xɔ kɔkɔwo me atraɖii.

   - Woɖea xɔtutu ɣeyiɣi dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ na xɔtuɖoɖowo abe xɔ kɔkɔwo kple silowo ene.

 

2. Kɔkrit si te ŋu ƒoa eɖokui ɖe nu me kple ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe tiatia dzi:

   - Kɔkrit si te ŋu ƒoa eɖokui ɖe nu me zazã ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe xɔmenuwo tiatia dzi, zi geɖe la, elɔ̃a gakpo le ŋutete si le esi be wòanɔ te ɖe tsi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo lolo wu nu ta.

 

3. Formwork ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ:

   - Wozãa ati kple gakpo siaa le xɔtunu siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ me, siwo woate ŋu aƒo ƒu kabakaba le teƒea.

   - Nuɖoanyi siawo va le xɔm ɖe edzi le woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple woƒe wɔwɔ ɖekae ta.

 

IX. Nyanuwuwuw

 

Gake gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwo ya klẽna le xɔtudɔ gã siwo wogbugbɔna wɔna me, afisiwo ŋusẽ, woƒe anyinɔnɔ tegbee, kple wo wɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛe nye nu vevitɔ kekeake. Ŋutete si le esi be woagazãe zi geɖe la na be ga megazãa ga geɖe le dɔwɔƒe gãwo me o, togbɔ be ga si wodo ɖe eme le gɔmedzedzea me sɔ gbɔ wu hã.

 

Xɔtudɔwɔƒewo le ekpɔm dze sii geɖe wu be tiatia si woawɔ le ati kple gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo dome menyea nyametsotso si wowɔna ɣesiaɣi o. Nu evea siaa zazã ɖekae le dɔ aɖe ƒe akpa vovovowo va le bɔbɔm wu, si wɔnɛ be xɔtulawo te ŋu wɔa nu ɖesiaɖe ƒe ŋusẽ ŋudɔ.

 

Esi dɔwɔƒea le ŋgɔ yim la, nu yeye siwo wowɔ le nuwo kple aɖaŋuwo me yi edzi le nɔnɔme trɔm le xɔmenuwo ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu. Aluminium kple plastik-mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunuwoe ƒe dodo, tsɔ kpe ɖe ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le xɔtuɖaŋu siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siwo wozãna le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me ŋu la le tiatia siwo li na xɔtudɔwɔlawo la kekem ɖe enu.

 

Mlɔeba la, ele be woatu nyametsotso si woawɔ le ati kple gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo dome ɖe nusiwo ku ɖe dɔa koŋ ŋu me dzodzro nyuie dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

 

1. Dɔa ƒe lolome kple alesi wòsesẽe

2. Gazazã ƒe mɔxenuwo

3. Nuwuwu ƒe nyonyome si wobia

4. Xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo

5. Nutoa me ŋu bubu

6. Nusiwo woatsɔ awɔ dɔe kple dɔwɔla bibiwo ƒe amesinɔnɔ le nutoa me

7. Nusiwo wòagblẽ le ganyawo ŋu ɣeyiɣi didi

 

Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, womate ŋu aŋe aɖaba aƒu ŋusẽ si tiatia sia kpɔ ɖe ganyawo dzi le mɔ si keke ta wu dzi o. Atiwo kple gakpowo siaa kpena ɖe xɔtudɔwɔƒewo ƒe GDP kple dɔwɔɖui ŋu ŋutɔ. Menye dɔ ɖekaɖekawo ƒe emetsonuwo ɖeɖeko ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe xɔtunu siwo woatsɔ awɔ dɔe ƒe tiatia dzi o, ke boŋ ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dɔwɔƒe siwo do ƒome kplii ƒe ganyawo ƒe nɔnɔme si keke ta wu hã dzi.

 

Esi míele etsɔme kpɔm la, anɔ eme be dzitsitsi ɖe nusiwo li tegbee ŋu awɔ akpa vevi aɖe le xɔmenuwo tiatia me. Esia ate ŋu ana woagawɔ nu yeyewo le ati kple gakpo siaa me, eye woato mɔnu yeye siwo megblẽa nu le nutome ŋu o vɛ.

 

Le nyataƒoƒo me la, togbɔ be ati kple gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe nɔnɔme to vovo eye woate ŋu azãe nyuie hã la, nu vevitɔ si ana woatu xɔtu dzidzedzetɔe nye vovototo siawo gɔmesese kple tiatia siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe. Ne xɔtudɔwɔlawo bu dɔa ƒe nudidiwo, ganyawo, kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe nutome dzi ŋu nyuie la, woate ŋu atia xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kuxia gbɔ kpɔnu si sɔ wu, alo egbɔkpɔnuwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, be woakpɔ egbɔ be nu nyuitɔ kekeake do tso xɔtudɔwo me.