Views: 0 Author: Nyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe Nuŋlɔla Ta Ɣeyiɣi: 2025-01-06 Dzɔtsoƒe: Teƒe
Le xɔtudɔwɔƒewo la, atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nye nu vevi aɖe si wotsɔ wɔa xɔ siwo wotsɔ kɔkrit wɔe. Atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme ŋuti akɔntabubu pɛpɛpɛ le vevie be woakpɔ egbɔ be gazazã nyuie, xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe blibonyenye, kple dɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie. Mɔfiame sia si me kɔ la ku ɖe mɔnu siwo le atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ me ŋu, si na gɔmesese tsitotsito le dɔwɔwɔwo, nusiwo ŋu woabu, kple nu nyuitɔ siwo woawɔ ŋu. To mɔnu siawo gɔmesese me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu ana nunɔamesiwo nanyo ɖe edzi, aɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana dɔa me tsonu bliboa nanyo ɖe edzi. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, míadzro nu bubuwo abe . Wall Steel Formwork , si naa nukpɔsusu si wotsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo si kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woatia formwork si sɔ wu na xɔtutu ƒe nuhiahiã vovovowo.
Atiwo ƒe wɔwɔme, si nye xɔtunu xoxotɔwo kple esiwo wozãna wu la dometɔ ɖeka, bia be woawɔ aŋɔ siwo tso ati siwo me wokɔa kɔkrit ɖo me. Alesi atiwo te ŋu trɔna ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋui la ɖea mɔ na nɔnɔme kple lolome vovovowo, si wɔe be wòsɔ nyuie na xɔtuɖaŋu siwo me kɔ alo esiwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu. Togbɔ be egbegbe nuwo va do hã la, atiwo gakpɔtɔ bɔ ɖe esi wòli, ewɔwɔ bɔbɔe, kple alesi woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu le xɔtuƒewo ta. Wolɔ̃nɛ vevietɔ le dɔ siwo me wobiaa egbɔkpɔnu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu le me, eye ga si woatsɔ awɔ aŋɔ siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu tso nu bubuwo me la anye nusi ŋu woaxe mɔ ɖo.
Ati ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖoa bia atikpakpadɔdala bibiwo. Nusi sɔ pɛpɛpɛe nye nu vevitɔ, elabena nusiwo mede pɛpɛpɛ o ate ŋu ana xɔtunua nagblẽ le kɔnkrit la ŋu. Gawu la, zi geɖe la, wowɔa atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le teƒea, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu atrɔ asi le wo ŋu ahawɔ tɔtrɔwo be woawɔ ɖe alesi wowɔ tɔtrɔwo alo kuxi siwo womekpɔ do ŋgɔ o la dzi. Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu sia nye viɖe gã aɖe le xɔtutu ƒe nɔnɔme siwo me ŋusẽ le me.
Ati ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti akɔntabubu ƒe akɔntabubu nyuie bia be woase eƒe akpa vovovoawo gɔme nyuie. Nu vevi siwo le eme dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Kpeɖodzinu: ʋuƒo alo ʋuƒo siwo le kɔkrit la ŋu tẽ, si naa xɔa ƒe akpa si le xɔa tame la nɔa anyi.
Studs: vertical members siwo doa alɔ sheathing kple transfer loads ɖe supports la ŋu.
Wales: Ame siwo le tsia dzi siwo sɔ ɖe wo nɔewo nu eye wosẽa wo ŋu, eye wonaa kpe ɖe wo ŋu le axadzi.
Braces: Diagonal supports si naa formwork la nɔa te ɖe axadziŋusẽwo abe ya alo kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ene dzi.
Kawo Kple Kplɔ̃wo: Mɔ̃ siwo wozãna tsɔ léa formwork ƒe akpawo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu, eye wotsia tre ɖe kɔkrit yeyea ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu.
Akpa siawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple woƒe kadodo gɔmesese le vevie na formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie kple nuwo ƒe akɔntabubu. Ele be woatia ati siwo le nyonyome nyuie be woanɔ te ɖe agba siwo woɖo le xɔtutua me nu eye woaxe mɔ ɖe woƒe nɔnɔme ƒe tɔtrɔ alo woƒe gbagbã nu.
Akɔntabubu le ati agbɔsɔsɔme si wobia ŋu hena formwork la bia ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie kple dzidzedze siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ. Mɔnu vevi eveawoe nye nutoa me dzidzedze ƒe mɔnu kple piece count mɔnu.
Mɔnu sia bia be woabu akɔnta le xɔa ƒe anyigba bliboa ƒe akpa si wòle be woawɔe ŋu. Eɖea vi ŋutɔ na xɔtunu siwo le tẽ abe gliwo kple kpe gbadzɛwo ene. Dɔwɔwɔa ƒe akpa aɖewoe nye:
Dzidzedze ƒe Dzidzemewo: Xɔ nusiwo katã hiã be woawɔ wo ƒe didime, kekeme, kple kɔkɔme.
Akɔntabuƒe: Tsɔ didime kple kɔkɔme dzidze nu ɖesiaɖe be wòake ɖe anyigba ƒe lolome ŋu.
Nutowo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo: Tsɔ nuawo katã ƒe teƒewo ƒo ƒu be nànya teƒe si wowɔ wo le katã.
Akɔntabubu le nuawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ŋu: Tsɔ nuawo katã ƒo ƒu ɖe nu ɖeka ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme nu le mita ɖeka me.
Le kpɔɖeŋu me, gli si didi meta 10 eye wòkɔ meta 3 la ƒe anyigba ƒe lolome anye meta 30 sq le akpa ɖeka. Ne akpa evea siaa hiã be woawɔ wo la, ke teƒe bliboa nye meta 60 sq. Ne ènya nu tso nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu ŋu la, àte ŋu abu board alo panels ƒe xexlẽme si hiã la ŋu.
Piece count mɔnu la bia be woaŋlɔ akpa ɖesiaɖe si hiã na formwork la ɖi tsitotsito. Mɔnu sia ɖea vi na xɔtuɖoɖo siwo gɔme sese sesẽ eye wòlɔ:
Nutata tsitotsito wɔwɔ: Wɔ nɔnɔmetata alo nɔnɔmetata siwo wowɔ ɖe nɔnɔmetataawo ŋu pɛpɛpɛ.
Nusiwo woŋlɔ ɖe eme: De dzesi nusiwo katã le eme eye nàŋlɔ wo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye sheathing, studs, wales, braces, ties, kple fasteners.
Agbɔsɔsɔmewo ƒe akɔntabubu: De dzesi akpa ɖesiaɖe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme le alesi wowɔe kple dometsotso ƒe nudidiwo nu.
Nuwo katã ƒe ƒuƒoƒo: ƒo agbɔsɔsɔawo nu ƒu be nàbu nusiwo katã hiã la ŋu.
Mɔnu sia, togbɔ be exɔa ɣeyiɣi geɖe wu hã la, enaa wòdea pɛpɛpɛ wu eye wòɖea alesi wòanya wɔe be nuwo ƒe veve alo nusiwo gbɔ eme la dzi kpɔtɔna.
Nu geɖe kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ati ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe nusiwo wotsɔ wɔa dɔe ƒe akɔntabubu dzi:
Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe sesẽ: Nɔnɔme siwo sesẽ alo xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo ate ŋu abia nu bubuwo kple akpa siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
Ati ƒe nyonyome: Atiwo ƒe didime kple woƒe hatsotso kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ŋusẽ kple nusiwo nɔa anyi didi dzi, si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe agbɔsɔsɔ si hiã dzi.
Xɔtuɖoɖowo dzi ɖuɖu: gakpekpeɖeŋu siwo woatsɔ atsoe, aɖo wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu, eye woawɔ asitɔtrɔ le wo ŋu hiã be woabu nu bubuwo ŋu.
Gbeɖuɖɔ: Alafa memamã bubu (zi geɖe la, 5-10%) kpe ɖe eŋu be woabu gbeɖuɖɔ le nusiwo bu alo nusiwo gblẽ le eŋu ta.
Nutoa me ƒe nɔnɔmewo: Tsi, dzoxɔxɔ, kple alesi woaɖee ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe atiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi, si ate ŋu abia be woawɔ atikewo alo akpɔ wo ta.
Se ƒe nudidiwo: Xɔtuɖoɖowo kple dzidzenuwo ate ŋu agblɔ formwork ƒe nuwɔna aɖewo koŋ, si akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe akɔntabubuwo dzi.
To nu siawo ŋuti akɔntabubu me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu ana woƒe akɔntabubuwo ƒe nyateƒenyenye nanyo ɖe edzi, si ana woakpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ dɔ nyuie eye wowɔ ɖe dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi siaa.
Be nàgaɖe akɔntabubu ƒe ɖoɖoa afia la, bu nɔnɔme siwo gbɔna ŋu:
Kpɔɖeŋu 1: Akɔntabuƒe ƒe akɔntabubu na kɔnkrit-kpe ƒe nugbɔ .
Kɔkrit-gbadzɛ si didi meta 20 eye wòkeke meta 15 eye eƒe titrime nye meta 0.3 la bia be woawɔe wòato eƒe goawo ŋu.
Perimeter ƒe akɔntabubu: (20 + 15) × 2 = meta 70.
Formwork ƒe kɔkɔme: sɔ kple slab ƒe titrime = 0.3 mita.
Wowɔa xɔdɔmewo katã: 70 mita × 0.3 mita = 21 square meters.
Wohiã be woatsɔ ʋuƒo siwo wotsɔ blaa nu la: ne wozã ʋuƒo siwo didi meta 2.4 la, boardwo ƒe xexlẽme = meta 70 / meta 2.4 ≈ 30 boards.
Nu bubuwo: Bu atiwo kple akɔtaɖonu siwo wotu ɖe dometsotsowo dzi (le kpɔɖeŋu me, atiwo le meta 1.5 ɖesiaɖe me: meta 70 / meta 1.5 ≈ Ati 47).
Kpɔɖeŋu 2: Akɔntabuƒe ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ na sɔti si le dzogoe ene me .
Sɔti si ƒe didime nye meta 0.5 × meta 0.5 eye eƒe kɔkɔme nye meta 4.
Sɔti ƒe golɔgoewo: axa 4 × meta 0.5 = meta 2.
Wo katã ƒe formwork area: 2 mita × 4 mita = 8 square meters.
Nusi hiã be woatsɔ ablae: Woanɔ te ɖe ʋua ƒe didime dzi, bu akɔnta le ʋuƒo agbɔsɔsɔme si woatsɔ axɔ meta 8 sq ŋu.
Kpekpeɖeŋu kple nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu: Kpɔ kadodo, klatsawo, kple akɔtaɖonu ƒe xexlẽme si wotu ɖe nuwɔna siwo sɔ kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nudidiwo dzi.
Kpɔɖeŋu siawo ɖe akɔntabubumɔnuawo zazã ŋutɔŋutɔ fia, eye wote gbe ɖe alesi wòle vevie be woawɔ nu pɛpɛpɛ kple ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu tsitotsito ŋu.
Dedienɔnɔ ƒe dedienɔnɔ le formwork wɔwɔ me le vevie ŋutɔ. Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ kple akɔntabubu nyuie kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woaxe mɔ ɖe xɔa ƒe gbagbã kple afɔkuwo nu. Nu vevi siwo ŋu woabu le dedienɔnɔ ŋu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Agbawo me dzodzro: Akɔntabubu le kɔkrit xɔdzo, dɔwɔnuwo, kple dɔwɔlawo ƒe kpekpeme ŋu be woatsɔ anya kpekpeɖeŋu ƒe dometsotso si sɔ kple eƒe akpawo ƒe lolome.
Nusiwo wotsɔ wɔe ƒe nyonyome: Zã ati siwo me gblẽ o eye wowɔ nu ɖe wo ŋu nyuie be woatsi tre ɖe nutome ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu.
Xɔtuɖoɖowo: Wɔ ɖe mɔfiame siwo woɖo kple adzɔnuwo wɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖowo dzi hena kpekpe kple wo dede.
Dzodzro: Kpɔ agbalẽviwo dzi edziedzi le xɔtutuɣi be nàde dzesi nya siwo ate ŋu ado mo ɖa kaba ahakpɔ wo gbɔ kaba.
Hehenana: Kpɔ egbɔ be wona hehe dɔwɔla siwo katã kpɔ gome le eme la nyuie le agbalẽviwo tutu kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖoɖowo wɔwɔ me.
Dedienɔnɔ ƒe vovototowo dede akɔntabubuwo me, abe kpekpeɖeŋu ƒe lolome si dzi ɖe edzi alo dometsotso si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ ene, kpena ɖe xɔtuƒe si le dedie wu ŋu.
Nusiwo li tegbee nye xɔtutu ƒe akpa vevi aɖe si le dzidzim ɖe edzi. Atiwo ƒe Formwork naa viɖe le nutome ŋu ne wokpɔ edzi nyuie:
Nusiwo woate ŋu awɔ yeyee: Ati siwo wokpɔ tso ave siwo li tegbee me la nye esiwo woate ŋu awɔ yeyee eye woate ŋu aɖe carbon footprint dzi akpɔtɔ.
. Woate ŋu azã atiwo ƒe nɔnɔme ake zi gbɔ zi geɖe ne wodzra wo ɖo nyuie, si ɖea gbeɖuɖɔ dzi kpɔtɔna
Gbugbɔgazã: Le eƒe agbenɔɣi ƒe nuwuwu la, woate ŋu agbugbɔ ati awɔ alo atrɔ asi le eŋu.
Ati siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le: Atikewɔwɔ siwo me aɖi mele o zazã ɖea ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe nutome dzi dzi kpɔtɔna.
Atiwo ƒe viɖewo dadasɔ kple nutome ŋu bubu bia be woawɔ ɖoɖo nyuie eye woawɔ ɖe nuwɔna siwo li tegbee dzi.
Togbɔ be wozãa ati geɖe hã la, nu bubu siwo wotsɔ wɔa nu abe gakpo kple aluminum ene la naa viɖe vovovowo. Glidziʋu ƒe wɔwɔme naa ŋusẽ si kɔkɔ wu, si nɔa anyi didina, kple esi woate ŋu azã ake. Viɖe siwo le gakpowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Agbenɔƒe didi: Ate ŋu agbugbɔ azã zi geɖe evɔ womabu eƒe nyonyome ŋu vevie o.
Precision: Wowɔe ɖe ɖoɖo siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ nu hena emetsonu siwo mewɔa tɔtrɔ o.
Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie: Modular systems ɖea mɔ be woaƒo ƒu kabakaba ahaɖe wo ɖa.
Nuwuwu: Ewɔa kɔkrit si le gbadzaa wu, si wɔnɛ be womegahiãa dɔ si woawɔ wu enu o.
Togbɔ be ga si wozãna le gɔmedzedzea me sɔ gbɔ wu hã la, gakpo siwo wotsɔ wɔa dɔe ate ŋu axɔ ga geɖe wu le dɔ gã alo esiwo wogbugbɔna wɔna ƒe agbenɔƒe me. Tiatia si le atiwo kple nu bubuwo dome la nɔ te ɖe nusiwo wowɔ koŋ abe alesi woadzidzee, gazazã, kple alesi wowɔe wòsesẽe ene dzi.
Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyiwo le tɔtrɔm le formwork ƒe nɔnɔme kple akɔntabubu ŋu. Nu vevi siwo woawɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye:
Xɔtuɖaŋu ŋuti nyatakakawo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ (BIM): Enaa 3D ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ, si doa ŋusẽ akɔntabubuwo kple nusiwo wotsɔ wɔa dɔe ƒe nyateƒetoto dzina ɖe edzi.
Automation: formwork ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ ɖea dɔwɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le teƒea dzi kpɔtɔna eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu.
Nu yeyewo: Nu siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ naa mɔnu bubu siwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme nyo ɖe edzi.
Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo: Kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔnu kpena ɖe akɔntabubu sesẽwo ŋu, wowɔa wo nyuie wu, eye wowɔa ɖoɖo ɖe ɖoɖowo ƒe dzidzenuwo ŋu.
Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siawo xɔxɔ nana xɔtulawo te ŋu doa dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, woɖea vodadawo dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wonɔa hoʋiʋli me le dɔwɔƒe si le tɔtrɔm kabakaba me.
Nudzɔdzɔ 1: Amewo ƒe Aƒewo Xɔxɔ ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo .
Aƒe si wotu ɖe aƒewo me zã atiwo ƒe nɔnɔme hena eƒe asitɔtrɔ le atsyã siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu ŋu. To piece count mɔnu zazã hena akɔntabubu me la, dɔa ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ kple nusiwo wowɔ nyuie wu zazã dzi kpɔtɔ, si wɔe be woɖe gazazã dzi kpɔtɔ 12% le formwork materials dzi. Ƒuƒoƒoa tsɔ nuwɔna siwo li tegbee de eme to atiwo didi tso nudzrala siwo ŋu woɖo kpee gbɔ kple formwork ƒe akpawo gbugbɔgazã le xɔ geɖe me.
Nudzɔdzɔ 2: Dɔwɔƒe si me wowɔa dɔ le kple gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ .
xɔtuɖaŋudɔ aɖe si me tɔdzisasrã siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo le la tiae . Glidzitsimɔ̃ ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ . Modular steel systems na woate ŋu aƒo wo nu ƒu kabakaba ahagbã wo, si ɖea xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ. Wotsɔ ga si wotsɔ de eme le gɔmedzedzea me la xe mɔ ɖe formwork la ƒe zazã ake kple dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ si wokpɔ to dɔwɔwɔ nyuie si wodo ɖe ŋgɔ me.
Adzɔhawo ƒe eŋutinunyalawo te gbe ɖe alesi wòle vevie be woawɔ akɔntabubu si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ dzi:
'Nutata pɛpɛpɛ le formwork ƒe akɔntabubu me menye gazazã dzi kpɔkpɔ ko o;enye nu vevi aɖe le dɔa ƒe dedienɔnɔ kple dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ me.Nɔnɔme si mesɔ o ate ŋu ahe afɔku ƒe kpododonuwo vɛ.' — Dr. Alan Wright, Structural Engineer
'Nuwɔnawo ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔnu ƒe tɔtrɔ, vevietɔ esi nuwo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya deŋgɔwo va, si hiã be woase akɔntabubumɔnu deŋgɔwo kple egbegbe siaa gɔme nyuie.' — Susan Lee, Xɔtudɔdzikpɔla
Gɔmesese siawo te gbe ɖe akpa vevi si formwork ƒe akɔntabubu wɔna le dɔa ƒe taɖodzinuwo gbɔ ɖoɖo kple dɔwɔƒea ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ me dzi.
Atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubu pɛpɛpɛ nye xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe akpa vevi aɖe si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe gazazã, dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, dedienɔnɔ, kple nyonyome dzi. To akɔntabubumɔnu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu zazã kple nusiwo le abe nuwo ƒe nɔnɔmewo, xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe sesẽ, kple nutome ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo ene ŋu bubu me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu awɔ woƒe formwork mɔnuwo ŋudɔ nyuie wu. Togbɔ be atiwo gakpɔtɔ nye nusiwo woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu eye woate ŋu aɖo wo gbɔ hã la, mɔnu bubu siwo woate ŋu azã ɖe wo teƒe abe . Wall steel formwork na viɖe siwo dzi woazi na dɔ aɖewo. Nyatakaka tso ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me kple nuwɔna nyuitɔwo tsɔtsɔ wɔ ɖekae ŋu kpɔa egbɔ be wowu dɔwo nu dzidzedzetɔe, wokpɔ egbegbe xɔtutu ƒe didiwo gbɔ eye wòkpe asi ɖe ŋgɔyiyi si li tegbee ŋu.