Nukae nye formworks le xɔtutu me?

I. Ŋgɔdonya .

 

A. Gɔmesese si le formwork ŋu .

 

Formwork , le xɔtutu ƒe nyawo me la, fia ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe xɔtunu siwo wozãna tsɔ léa kɔkrit si wokɔ ɖe eme la ɖe nɔnɔme kple lolome si wodi la me vaseɖe esime wòsesẽna ale gbegbe be wòate ŋu alé eɖokui ɖe te. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa ati, gakpo, aluminum, alo modules siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ wɔa xɔ siawo eye wowɔa akpa vevi aɖe le kɔkrit nu vovovowo abe gliwo, sɔtiwo, kpe gbadzɛwo, xɔtunuwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple mɔ̃wo ene tutu me.

 

Face contact contact material (akɔtadzesi) si me kɔkrit si ƒo tsi kple bearers siwo doa alɔ sheathing la koŋue le formwork me. Woyɔa takpekpe bliboa, si me sheathing, framing, bracing, ties, kple nu bubu siwo kpena ɖe ame ŋu le la katã be formwork system.

 

B. Vevienyenye si le formwork ŋu le xɔtutu me .

 

Formwork nye kɔnkrit xɔtudɔwo ƒe akpa vevi aɖe le esi wòkpɔ ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe xɔ si wowɔ vɔ ƒe nyonyome, dedienɔnɔ, kple gazazã nyuie dzi ta. Susu vevi aɖewo siwo tae formwork le vevie alea gbegbe lae nye esi:

 

1. Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe blibonyenye: Wotrɔ asi le formwork ŋu nyuie eye wodae nyuie kpɔa egbɔ be wokɔ kɔkrit la ɖe nɔnɔme, lolome, kple teƒe si nèdi la me, si kpena ɖe xɔa ƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe liƒo bliboa ŋu.

 

2. Anyigba ƒe nuwuwu: Nɔnɔme si ƒomevi wozãna la kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe dzedzeme kple eƒe nɔnɔme mamlɛtɔ dzi. Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, si le nyonyome nyuie ate ŋu ana woawɔe nyuie wu, si aɖe alesi wòhiã be woawɔ ɖɔɖɔɖodɔ si xɔa ga geɖe dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

3. Gazazã nyuie: Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ate ŋu axɔ ga si ade 60% le kɔnkrit xɔ ƒe gazazã bliboa me. Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ kple tiatiawɔwɔ nyuie le formwork ɖoɖoa ŋu ate ŋu aɖe dɔwɔlawo, nuwo, kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe asixɔxɔ dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ esime woaɖe mɔ na xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo hã.

 

4. Dedienɔnɔ: Wotrɔ asi le eŋu nyuie, wotu eƒe nɔnɔme, eye wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖe eŋu nyuie le vevie na dɔwɔlawo ƒe dedienɔnɔ le xɔtudɔwo wɔƒe. Nusiwo gblẽ le wo ŋu ate ŋu ahe afɔku gãwo, abixɔxɔ, kple nunɔamesiwo ƒe gbegblẽ vɛ.

 

5. Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me na xɔtuɖaŋunyalawo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo te ŋu wɔ kɔkrit xɔtuɖoɖo siwo sesẽ wu, siwo me woto nu yeyewo vɛ, eye woƒe atsyɔ̃ɖoɖowo adze ame ŋu le, siwo gbɔ asesẽ alo womate ŋu awɔ wo to nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu xoxowo me o.

 

Womate ŋu aƒo nu tso xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe vevienyenye le xɔtudɔwɔƒewo ŋu wòagbɔ eme o. Enye nu vevi aɖe si ana woakpɔ egbɔ be wowu kɔkrit xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe nu dzidzedzetɔe, tso xɔ sue siwo me amewo anɔ dzi va ɖo xɔtuɖoɖo gãwo dzi. Abe alesi wòle ene la, gɔmesese le ƒomeviwo, akpawo, aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ŋu bubu, kple nu nyuitɔ siwo ku ɖe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ ŋu la le vevie na xɔtuɖaŋunyalawo, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo, kple xɔtudɔwo ŋuti nunyalawo.

 

II. ƒomevi siwo nye formwork .

 

A. Atiwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .

 

1. Viɖewo .

   - Asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Woate ŋu atso atiwo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo bɔbɔe, awɔ woƒe nɔnɔme, eye woaƒo wo nu ƒu ɖe teƒea be woate ŋu awɔ xɔa ƒe nɔnɔme kple nɔnɔme vovovowo.

   - Gazazã nyuie: Atiwo mexɔ asi boo o ne wotsɔe sɔ kple nu bubuwo, si wɔe be wònye gazazã ƒe tiatia na dɔ suewo vaseɖe titina.

   - Availability: Atiwo li le teƒe geɖe eye woate ŋu akpɔ wo le nutoa me le nuto akpa gãtɔ me.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo .

   - Esɔ na xɔtutu ƒe gɔmeɖoanyiwo, gliwo, sɔtiwo, xɔgbakpewo, kple kpe gbadzɛwo le aƒe siwo me amewo nɔna kple esiwo me womele bɔbɔe o me.

   - Wozãnɛ zi geɖe le dɔ siwo me wobiaa nɔnɔme siwo gɔme sese sesẽ alo anyigba siwo le gogloe la me.

 

B. gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .

 

1. Viɖewo .

   - Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina: Steel formwork nɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ eye ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe agba kpekpewo kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu.

   - Woate ŋu azãe ake: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewo zi gbɔ zi geɖe, si awɔe be woagazã ga geɖe le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe o.

   - Precision: Steel Formwork naa didime ƒe nyateƒetoto kple ɖekawɔwɔ nyuitɔ kekeake, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa kɔnkrit ƒe nuwuwu deŋgɔwo.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo .

   - si sɔ nyuie na dɔ gã siwo wowɔna enuenu abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple dɔwɔƒewo ƒe xɔwo ene.

   - Anyo na dɔ siwo me mɔɖeɖe sesẽwo le kple anyigbadzinuwuwu ƒe nudidi siwo le nyonyome nyuitɔ me.

 

C. aluminum ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .

 

1. Viɖewo .

   - Kpekpeme si le bɔbɔe: Aluminium ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ le bɔbɔe wu gakpo, si wɔe be wòle bɔbɔe be woawɔ dɔ le teƒea, atsɔe ayi teƒe bubu, eye wòaƒo ƒu ɖe teƒea.

   - Corrosion-resistance: Aluminium ƒe nɔnɔmewo nye esiwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu le dzɔdzɔme nu, woɖea beléle na wo ƒe nudidiwo dzi kpɔtɔna eye woƒe agbenɔƒe didi.

   - Nu vovovowo wɔwɔ: Woate ŋu awɔ aluminum formwork bɔbɔe ɖe nɔnɔme kple lolome vovovowo me be woawɔ ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo dzi.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo .

   - Wozãa wo zi geɖe le dɔ siwo me wowɔa aɖaŋu siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna le, abe xɔ siwo nye dziƒoxɔ geɖe kple aƒe gbogbo aɖewo tutu ene me.

   - Anyo na dɔ siwo me xɔtutu ƒe duƒuƒu nye nu vevitɔ le, elabena woate ŋu aƒo aluminum ƒe nɔnɔmewo nu ƒu kaba ahaɖe wo ɖa.

 

D. Plastik ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .

 

1. Viɖewo .

   - Kpekpeme si le bɔbɔe: Plastik-nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe eye wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ le bɔbɔe, dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna eye wònaa teƒea wɔa dɔ nyuie wu.

   - Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina: Plastik ƒomevi deŋgɔwo nɔa anyi didina eye woate ŋu azã wo ake zi geɖe, si wɔe be womexɔa ga geɖe le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe o.

   - Smooth finish: Plastik formwork ate ŋu ana kɔkrit anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme si le gbadzaa, si le nyonyome nyuie, si aɖe alesi wòhiã be woawɔ dɔ bubu siwo woawɔ le anyigba dzi la dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo .

   - Anyo na dɔ siwo hiã nɔnɔme siwo gɔme sese sesẽ alo geometri siwo sesẽ, elabena woate ŋu atrɔ asi le plastik nɔnɔmewo ŋu bɔbɔe wòazu nɔnɔme vovovowo.

   - Wozãnɛ zi geɖe le xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo me afisi wodina be woawɔ kɔkrit si le gbadzaa, si dzea atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ŋu le.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la ƒo nu tso viɖe kple dɔwɔwɔ le formwork ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ŋu kpuie:

 

ƒomevi si nye formwork .	Viɖewo .	Dɔwɔwɔwo .
Atiwo .	- Asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu . - Gazazã nyuie - Nusiwo li .	- Aƒe siwo me amewo nɔna kple esiwo me wowɔa dɔ le bɔbɔe . - Dɔwɔna siwo ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽ alo anyigba siwo le goglo .
Ga	- Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina . - Gbugbɔgazã . - pɛpɛpɛ .	- dɔ gãwo, siwo wogbugbɔna . - Dɔwɔna siwo me mɔɖeɖe sesẽwo le kple anyigbadzinuwuwu ƒe nudidi siwo le ɖoɖo nyui nu .
Aluminium .	- Kpekpeme si le bɔbɔe . - Nusiwo gblẽa nu le xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu . - Nu vovovowo wɔwɔ .	- Dɔ siwo wowɔ kple aɖaŋu siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna . - Dɔwɔna siwo me xɔtutu ƒe duƒuƒu nye nu vevitɔ .
Plastik .	- Kpekpeme si le bɔbɔe . - Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina . - Nuwuwu si le gbadzaa .	- Dɔ siwo hiã nɔnɔme siwo gɔme sese sesẽ alo geometri siwo sesẽ . - Xɔtuɖaŋudɔ siwo bia be woawɔ nuwuwu si le bɔbɔe, si adze atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ŋu

 

Ne ètia agbalẽvi ƒomevi si sɔ la, enɔ te ɖe nu vovovowo dzi, abe dɔa ƒe dzidzenu, aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe sesẽ, anyigba ƒe nuwuwu ƒe nudidiwo, gazazã ƒe ɖoɖo, kple xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo ene. Viɖe kple dɔwɔwɔ le formwork ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ŋu nana xɔtulawo te ŋu wɔa nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe eye wowɔa dɔa me tsonuawo wònyoa ɖe edzi.

 

III. Formwork Components & Accessories .

 

A. H20 Atiwo ƒe Kekeliwo .

   - H20 atiwo ƒe keklẽwo nye nusiwo woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu eye wozãa wo zi geɖe le formwork systems me.

   - Beams siawo nye ati siwo wowɔ tso ati deŋgɔwo me, si naa ŋusẽ kple nusiwo nɔa anyi didina.

   - H20 beams ƒe cross-section tɔxɛ si le abe H-nɔnɔme ene la naa agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete nyuitɔ kekeake esime woɖea kpekpeme dzi kpɔtɔna.

   - Wozãa H20 beams abe kpeɖeŋutɔ gbãtɔ me tɔwo le formwork ɖoɖowo me, abe bearers kple joists na slab formwork, kple walers na gli ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ.

 

B. ka siwo wotsɔ blaa woe .

   - Wozãa ka siwo wotsɔna blaa nu, si woyɔna hã be form ties alo snap ties, tsɔ léa formwork panels ɖe te nyuie eye wotsia tre ɖe lateral pressure si kɔkrit xɔdzo wɔa ŋu.

   - Woawoe nye tensile unit si doa ka kple formwork la ƒe mo siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu kple gotagome nuléle ƒe mɔ̃.

   - Tie rods ƒe lolome kple agba ƒe ŋutetewo le vovovo, tso 400 kg va ɖo kilogram 20,000 kple edzivɔ, be woaxɔ dɔa ƒe nudidi vovovowo.

   - Tie rods ƒe dometsotso kple wo ɖoɖo nye nu vevi siwo ana woakpɔ egbɔ be formwork ɖoɖoa ƒe liƒo kple eƒe wɔwɔme ƒe blibonyenye.

 

C. Aʋala ƒe Nukuwo .

   - Aʋala ƒe nukuwo nye nusiwo wotsɔ blaa mɔ̃ siwo wozãna kpe ɖe tie rods ŋu be woatsɔ akpɔ formwork ƒe akpawo ta le teƒea.

   - Woɖea 'wings' alo protrusions eve siwo ɖea mɔ be woate ŋu atsɔ asi abla ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu bɔbɔe eye woaɖe asi le wo ŋu bɔbɔe evɔ womahiã dɔwɔnu bubuwo o.

   - Aʋala ƒe nukuwo naa mɔnu kabakaba eye wòsɔna be woaƒo formwork systems nu ƒu ahaɖe wo ɖa le teƒea.

   - Wing ƒe nukuwo zazã naa formwork ɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa nɔa bɔbɔe eye wòɖea dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi kple gazazãwo dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

D. gakpo siwo wotsɔna ƒoa gae .

   - Gagliwo nye xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe akpa siwo le tsia dzi siwo wozãna tsɔ maa agbaa tso tie-tiwo me eye wonaa kpekpeɖeŋu bubuwo formwork mowo.

   - Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpowo alo I-beams wɔa woe eye wotsɔa wo dana ɖe formwork ƒe mo si le tsitrenu la dzi.

   - Gagliwo kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woawɔ formwork system la ƒe sɔsɔ kple wo nɔewo ƒe liƒo, si xea mɔ na deflection kple kakaɖedzi nana be woawɔ kɔkrit si mewɔa tɔtrɔ o.

   - Wonɔa te ɖe aɖaŋunudidiwo, kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo si ƒomevi wozãna dzi ɖoa kpe gakpo siwo wotsɔna zɔa mɔe ƒe lolome kple dometsotso si le wo dome.

 

E. Formwork ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ bubuwo .

   - Klamwo: Wozãa clamps ƒomevi vovovowo, abe wedge clamps kple universal clamps ene, tsɔ kpɔa formwork ƒe akpawo ɖekae eye woléa woƒe alignment me ɖe asi.

   - Scaffolding: Wozãa scaffolding systems, si me mɔ̃ siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme kple kpekpeɖeŋunamɔ̃wo, zi geɖe le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple formwork be woana mɔnukpɔkpɔ amewo be woakpɔ dedie na dɔwɔlawo kple kpekpeɖeŋu na formwork structure la.

   - Braces: Wozãa nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu, abe akɔtaɖonu siwo le dzogoe ene me kple atitsoga ƒe akɔtaɖonu ene, tsɔ naa axadzi ƒe liƒo nɔa formwork ɖoɖoa ŋu eye wotsia tre ɖe ya ƒe agbawo kple gotagome ŋusẽ bubuwo ŋu.

   - Form Release Agents: Wozãa atike siwo woɖena ɖe go ɖe formwork ƒe mo dzi be woatsɔ axe mɔ na kɔkrit la be wòagabla ɖe formwork nu ŋu o, si wɔnɛ be woɖea nu le bɔbɔe wu eye wòɖea anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme madeamedziwo dzi kpɔtɔna.

   - Chamfer strips: Wozãa chamfer strips tsɔ wɔa chamfered edges ɖe kɔnkrit nuawo dzi, si naa nuwuwu si le dzadzɛ eye wòdzea atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ŋu esime woɖea afɔku si le chipping kple gbegblẽ hã dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

Formwork ƒe nuzazãwo tiatia kple wo zazã nɔ te ɖe nudidi tɔxɛ siwo le xɔtudɔa me dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye xɔtunu ƒe ɖoɖo ƒomevi, kɔnkrit tsakatsaka ƒe nɔnɔme, xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe agbawo, kple teƒea ƒe nɔnɔmewo. Nusiwo wotsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu siawo zazã nyuie nana be wowɔa xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖoa ƒe dedienɔnɔ, eƒe liƒo, kple eƒe nyonyome kple kɔkrit-xɔ si do tso eme.

 

Component/Accessory .	Taɖodzi
H20 Atiwo ƒe Kekeli .	Kpekpeɖeŋunala Gbãtɔwo na Slab kple Gli ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .
Tie ƒe atikplɔwo .	Tsi tre ɖe axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple formwork ƒe akpa siwo le dedie ŋu .
Aʋala ƒe nukuwo .	Wowɔa nu kabakaba eye wòle bɔbɔe be woaƒo wo nu ƒu/aɖe wo ɖa le formwork ŋu bɔbɔe .
Gazɔlawo .	Ma agbawo eye nàlé formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu me ɖe asi .
Kpowo .	Dedie formwork components kple beléle na alignment .
Scaffolding .	Na mɔnukpɔkpɔ dedie dɔwɔlawo kple kpekpeɖeŋu na formwork .
Braces .	Na axadzi nali ke eye nàtsi tre ɖe gotagome ŋusẽwo ŋu .
Agbalẽvi si wotsɔna ɖea asi le agbalẽviwo ŋu .	xe mɔ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe kadodo nu eye wòana formwork stripping nanɔ bɔbɔe .
Chamfer ƒe fliwo .	Wɔ eƒe go siwo me chamfer le eye nàna kɔnkrit ƒe nuwuwu nanyo ɖe edzi .

 

Ne xɔtuɖaŋunyalawo ƒe dɔwo kple wo zazãwo gɔmesese le wo ŋu la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu awɔ ɖoɖo nyuie, si le dedie, eye wòle ɖoɖo nyui nu eye woawɔ ɖoɖo nyui ɖe wo ŋu si akpɔ woƒe dɔwo ƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo gbɔ.

 

iv. Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo .

 

A. Nɔnɔme .

   - Ele be formwork design natsɔ kɔkrit xɔtuɖoɖo si wowɔ vɔ la ƒe nyonyome aɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ.

   - Ele be woawɔ formwork la eye woawɔe pɛpɛpɛ be woakpɔ nɔnɔme, lolome, sɔsɔ, kple anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme si wodi la gbɔ.

   - Dzesiwo e nyonyome e akpa aewoe nye be woatia agbalẽvi siwo sɔ, akpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ formwork joints nyuie eye wotre wo nu, eye woana bracing kple support si sɔ be woalé formwork ƒe structure integrity me ɖe asi.

 

B. Ganyawo .

   1. Nuwo ƒe asixɔxɔ .

      - Formwork ƒe nuzazãwo ƒe tiatia kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe dɔa ƒe gazazã bliboa dzi tẽ.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo nabu ga si woatsɔ awɔ nuwoe le gɔmedzedzea me ŋu, kpakple woƒe anyinɔnɔ kple ŋutete si le wo si be woagazã wo ake ŋu.

      - Nusiwo woatsɔ awɔ nusiwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi wu eye woate ŋu azã wo ake geɖe wu ate ŋu ana woaɖe gazazã dzi akpɔtɔ le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe.

 

   2. Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã .

      - Ele be formwork design nas be woaɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã siwo do ƒome kple assembly, erection, kple esmantling of the formwork system dzi akpɔtɔ.

      - Aɖaŋuwɔwɔa wɔwɔ bɔbɔe, modular components zazã, kple nusiwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ dede eme ate ŋu aɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi kple gazazãwo dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ.

      - Mɔfiame siwo me kɔ eye wole kpuie nana kple egbɔkpɔkpɔ be dɔwɔlawo ate ŋu akpɔ wo bɔbɔe ate ŋu ana dɔwɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu nagadzi ɖe edzi.

 

   3. Dɔwɔnuwo ƒe Gazazã .

      - Ele be aɖaŋua nabu dɔwɔnu siwo hiã hena wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ, wo tutu, kple wo ɖeɖeɖa ŋu.

      - Dɔwɔnu tɔxɛwo ƒe hiahiã dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kple dɔwɔnu deŋgɔwo zazã nyuie wu ate ŋu akpe ɖe wo ŋu woakpɔ dɔwɔnuwo ƒe gazazãwo dzi.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo hã nabu alesi wowɔa formwork ɖoɖoae kple dɔwɔnu siwo li le teƒea ŋu.

 

C. Dedienɔnɔ .

   - Ele be formwork design natr asi le dt siwo le xɔtudɔa me ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋu.

   - Ele be aɖaŋua nade nɔnɔme siwo ɖea afɔku si le anyidzedze, slips, kple mɔzɔzɔwo me dzi kpɔtɔna, abe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu siwo li ke nana, mɔ siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme dedie, kple anyidzedze takpɔkpɔ ƒe afɔɖeɖe siwo sɔ ene.

   - Ele be woatr asi le agba siwo wowna la uti be woate u az agba siwo kat wole dzdzm la, siwo dome kkt la e kpekpeme, xɔtunuwo, kple dwlawo e kpekpeme, kple dedienn si sɔ.

   - Formwork system la me dzodzro edziedzi kple edzikpɔkpɔ le vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be eƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye le eme eye woaxe mɔ ɖe kpododonu siwo ate ŋu ahe afɔkuwo vɛ nu.

 

D. xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe ŋutete .

   1. Aɖaŋuɖoɖowo Gbugbɔgagblɔ .

      - Gbugbɔgadede gbugbɔgagblɔ me le formwork ƒe ɖoɖoa me ate ŋu ana xɔtuɖoɖo kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ.

      - Designing the formwork system with standardized components and consistent dimensions allows for faster assembly eye wòɖea alesi wòhiã be woawɔ wɔwɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu dzi kpɔtɔna le teƒea.

      - Aɖaŋu siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna hã naa wowɔa formwork ƒe akpawo gbugbɔgazã le dɔa ƒe akpa vovovowo me alo le dɔ siwo gbɔna me.

 

   2. Dimensional dzidzenuwo .

      - Dimensional dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ le formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me naa ɖekawɔwɔ kple formwork ƒe nuwɔna kple kpeɖeŋutɔ siwo li bɔbɔe la nyona ɖe edzi.

      - Wozãa dzidzenu siwo sɔ na formwork ƒe akpawo, abe panel ƒe lolomewo kple support spacing ene, naa nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖoa nɔa bɔbɔe eye wòɖea gbeɖuɖɔ dzi kpɔtɔna.

      - Dzidzenu hã doa akpawo ƒe asitɔtrɔ ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe ŋgɔ eye wònaa kpekpeɖeŋunaɖoɖoa nɔa bɔbɔe.

 

   3. Dimensional ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ .

      - Dimensional consistency me léle ɖe asi le formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ bliboa me le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔtutu nyuie.

      - Dzidzeme siwo sɔ na formwork ƒe akpawo, abe beam kple sɔti ƒe lolome ene, ɖea asitɔtrɔ siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu ƒe hiahiã dzi kpɔtɔna le teƒea.

      - Dimensional consistency hã naa akpa siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ kple modular systems zazã nɔa bɔbɔe, si ɖea dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi kple gazazãwo dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

E. agbawo le formwork dzi .

   1. Kɔkrit yeye ƒe axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu .

      - Ele be formwork ƒe ɖoɖoa nabu axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si wotsɔ kɔkrit yeye wɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siwo le tsitrenu dzi.

      - Nusiwo nye kɔnkrit tsakatsaka ƒe ʋeʋẽ, teƒe si woɖoe ɖo, dzoxɔxɔ, kple nusiwo wotsɔ tsakae zazã kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenua dzi.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo naƒo nu tso dzidzenu kple mɔfiame siwo sɔ, abe ACI 347 ene ŋu, be woakpɔ aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ eye woagblɔ agbalẽvi ƒe ŋusẽ kple akɔtaɖonu si hiã.

 

   2. Agba siwo le tsitrenu .

      - Ele be formwork design nabu agba siwo le tsitrenu siwo wotsɔ kɔkrit la ƒe kpekpeme, ŋusẽdodo, kple xɔtutu ƒe agba ɖesiaɖe si wotsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la de wo dzi ŋu.

      - Ele be aɖaŋua nakpɔ egbɔ be formwork ɖoɖoa ate ŋu ado alɔ agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na la dedie evɔ womaɖe wo ɖa alo ado kpo nu fũu akpa o.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo hã nabu akɔnta le alesi xɔtudɔwɔnuwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wo dzii, abe kɔnkrit pɔmpiwo kple vibrators ene dzi le formwork structure la dzi.

 

F. Agbalẽvi ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubuwo .

   - Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubuwo le vevie be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa sɔ eye wòle dedie.

   - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo nawɔ akɔntabubuwo atsɔ anya ŋusẽ si hiã kple ŋusẽ si le formwork ƒe akpawo ŋu, abe sheathing, framing, kple support me tɔwo ene.

   - Ele be akɔntabubuawo nabu agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na, ​​siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, agba siwo le tsitrenu, kple xɔtutu ƒe agba bubu ɖesiaɖe ŋu.

   - Ele be formwork design calculations nawɔ ɖe dzidzenu kple se siwo sɔ dzi, abe ACI 347 kple nutoa me xɔtutu ƒe sewo ene.

   - Ele be woaŋlɔ aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubuwo ɖe agbalẽ me eye mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla bibi aɖe naɖo kpe edzi be woakpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dedienɔnɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dzidzenu siwo hiã la ŋu.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la gblɔ nu vevi siwo ŋu woabu le aɖaŋudɔwɔwɔ ŋu kpuie:

Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ Ŋuti Ŋugbledede .	Nya veviwo .
Nyonyo	- Na nɔnɔme, lolome, ɖoɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu, kple anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme si nèdi la nasu asiwò . - Tia nusiwo sɔ eye nàkpɔ egbɔ be wosɔ nyuie eye wotre wo nu .
Ga ŋuti nya	- Bu nuwo, dɔwɔlawo, kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe asi ŋu . - Tia nusiwo anɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi eye woate ŋu azã wo ake, awɔ aɖaŋuwɔwɔ bɔbɔe, eye nàzã modular components .
Dedienɔnɔ	- Ðe afɔku si le anyidzedze, slip, kple mɔzɔzɔwo me dzi kpɔtɔ . - Design formwork be woanɔ te ɖe agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na nu kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe akpa si sɔ .
Constructability .	- De aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe gbugbɔgagblɔ me, wɔ ɖe dzidzenu ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi, eye nàlé didime ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ me ɖe asi . - Na kpekpe nyuie, gbugbɔgazã, kple alesi woawɔ ɖeka kple dɔwɔnu siwo li la nanɔ bɔbɔe .
Agbawo le formwork dzi .	- Akɔntabubu na axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si le kɔnkrit yeye kple agba siwo le tsitrenu ŋu . - Kpɔ dzidzenu kple mɔfiame siwo sɔ na aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo kple agba ƒe akɔntabubuwo .
Agbalẽvi ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubuwo .	- Wɔ akɔntabubuwo be nànya ŋusẽ si hiã kple formwork ƒe akpawo ƒe sesẽ . - Wɔ ɖe dzidzenu kple kɔda siwo sɔ dzi, eye nàŋlɔ akɔntabubuwo ɖi ahaɖo kpe wo dzi .

 

Ne wobu aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe akpa siawo ŋu nyuie la, formwork ƒe aɖaŋuwɔlawo ate ŋu awɔ formwork ɖoɖo siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le dedie, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o siwo naa kɔnkrit xɔ si wowɔ vɔ la ƒe nyonyome nɔa anyi esime wole xɔtudɔa wɔm nyuie wu.

 

V. Formwork Xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe Ðoɖo .

 

A. Formwork ƒe xɔtunuwo tutuɖo .

   - Ele be woatu formwork frames vivivi be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖoɖo bliboa ƒe liƒo kple installers ƒe dedienɔnɔ.

   - Ele be tsitretsitsi ƒe ɖoɖoa nawɔ ɖe aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo kple adzɔnuwɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi, woabu nusiwo nye frame spacing, bracing requirements, kple tosmed access ways ŋu.

   - Ele be woatsɔ akɔtaɖonuwo abla xɔtunuawo kaba ale si wòanya wɔ be woana axadzi nali ke eye woaxe mɔ ɖe malikenyenye nu le nusiwo le abe ya ƒe agbatsɔtsɔ ene ta.

   - Ne formwork framewo ƒe kɔkɔme le dzidzim ɖe edzi la, axadzi ƒe liƒo ƒe hiahiã va le vevie wu, eye ele be woade bracing bubuwo ɖe edzi.

 

B. Formwork Aʋatso Decks .

   - woda alakpa decks, si woyɔna hã be ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe deck alo dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔ̃wo, ɖe formwork framewo me be woana dɔwɔƒe si le dedie na dɔwɔlawo.

   - Zi geɖe la, woɖoa alakpa decks ɖe teƒe si kɔkɔ meta 2 alo esi mede nenema o le formwork deck si wole wɔwɔm la te be woaɖe afɔku si le anyidzedze me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Ele be alakpa deck la nayi edzi eye wòatsyɔ formwork la ƒe akpa bliboa dzi, eye woaɖe mɔ ɖe dometsotsowo ko ŋu le afisi frames siwo le tsitrenu la toa deck la me.

   - Ele be woatrɔ asi le alakpa deck la ŋu be wòado alɔ dɔwɔlawo, nuwo, kple nusiwo ate ŋu adze anyi ƒe agba si wokpɔ mɔ na, ​​kple kekeme suetɔ kekeake si nye milimeta 450 na domedome mɔ̃wo.

 

C. Titinamɔ̃wo .

   - Wozãa domedome nuƒolanɔƒewo ne alakpa deck kple formwork deck si wole wɔwɔm dome didime mede meta 2 o.

   - Nuƒolanɔƒe siawo naa dɔwɔƒe si le dedie na dɔwɔlawo siwo dea agbatsɔlawo, joists, kple formwork ƒe akpa bubuwo.

   - Ele be domedome nuƒolanɔƒewo nakeke milimeta 450 ya teti eye woaɖo wo ɖe teƒe si kɔkɔ si ana woate ŋu awɔ dɔ le dedie eye woawɔ dɔ nyuie evɔ womato asiléƒe ƒe afɔku bubuwo vɛ o.

 

D. Bearers kple joists dede .

   - Beaters nye gbãtɔ horizontal support members siwo tsɔa agbaa tso formwork deck la yia frames, esime joists nye evelia support members si keke ɖe enu le bearers dome.

   - Ele be woatsɔ agbatsɔlawo aɖo xɔtunuawo dzi to U-ta alo kadodo bubu siwo sɔ zazã me be woaxe mɔ ɖe wo ɖeɖe nu, kple kadodo eve ya teti ɖe agbatsɔla ɖesiaɖe dzi.

   - Ele be woade joists siwo le tsia dzi na agbatsɔlawo, eye woakpɔ dometsotso kple lolome to aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo kple agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na dzi.

   - Ne wole bearers kple joists dem la, ele be dɔwɔlawo nazã dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu si le dedie, abe alakpa deck alo intermediate platform ene, be woaɖe afɔku si le anyidzedze me dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

E. Laying deck formwork .

   - Wotsɔa deck formwork, si zi geɖe wotsɔa plywood alo ati bubu siwo wowɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya wɔe la, dana ɖe xɔawo tame be woawɔ anyigba na kɔkrit si woakɔ ɖe edzi.

   - Ele be deck formwork ɖoɖo nakplɔ ɖoɖo si le ŋgɔ yim ɖo, adze egɔme tso xɔa ƒe akpa si ƒo xlãe dzi eye wòaʋuʋu ɖe eme.

   - Ele be woabla deck formwork sheets nyuie ɖe joists la ŋu to nails, screws, alo others emprosither fixings me be woaxe mɔ ɖe dislodgement nu le concrete pour la me.

   - Ele be woatre dometsotso ɖesiaɖe si le deck formwork sheets dome nu be woaxe mɔ na kɔkrit ƒe sisi eye woakpɔ egbɔ be wowu enu nyuie.

 

F. Amewo ƒe gege ɖe eme .

   - Ele be woawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe nusiwo gena ɖe formwork deck la me, abe esiwo wowɔ na subɔsubɔdɔwo alo ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe ʋuʋu ene ŋu eye woatsɔ wo ade formwork ƒe nɔnɔme me.

   - Ele be woagblɔ alesi woƒe lolome, teƒe si wole, kple ŋusẽdodowo le la me nakɔ nyuie le nɔnɔmetata siwo wowɔ me eye woagblɔ wo na Formwork Installation Team.

   - Ele be woawɔ nusiwo gena ɖe lãme na ame la nyuie eye woanɔ wo ŋu nyuie be woalé woƒe nɔƒe ɖe te le kɔkritkɔklɔɣia eye woaxe mɔ ɖe ʋuʋu alo mumu ɖesiaɖe nu.

   - Ele be woade dedienɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo, abe ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nutsyɔnu alo dzɔlawo ene, ƒo xlã gege ɖe eme be woatsɔ aɖe afɔku si nye be woadze anyi alo nusiwo adze anyi to ʋuƒoawo me dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

G. Do ŋgɔ na agbatsɔtsɔ me dzodzro kple ɖaseɖigbalẽ xɔxɔ .

   - Hafi woatsɔ agba aɖeke ade formwork la me, si me ŋusẽdodo ƒe ɖoɖo alo kɔkrit kɔklɔ hã le la, ele be ame si bi ɖe dɔa me, abe formwork engineer alo supervisor ene, nawɔ ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu nyuie.

   - Ele be woalé ŋku ɖe eŋu be wotu agbalẽvi la ɖe ɖoɖo si wowɔ ɖe aɖaŋuɖoɖoa ŋu, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo, kple dzidzenu siwo sɔ, abe 3610 (Australia) alo ACI 347 (USA) ene nu.

   - Ele be woaɖɔ gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ alo sedzimawɔmawɔ ɖesiaɖe si wokpɔ le ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu me ɖo hafi ayi agbatsɔtsɔ dzi.

   - Ne wonya lé ŋku ɖe agbalẽviawo ŋu eye wobu wo be wodze ame ŋu ko la, ele be ame si dze la natsɔ ɖaseɖigbalẽ alo mɔɖeɖe, si aɖo kpe edzi be agbalẽvi la le dedie na agbatsɔtsɔ.

 

H. Kɔkrit ɖoɖo kple ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu .

   - Ele be woawɔ kɔnkrit ɖoɖo le mɔ si dzi woaɖu eye woawɔe ɖe ɖoɖo nu nu, woawɔ ɖe tsikɔwuƒe ƒe ɖoɖo si wogblɔ kple alesi wogblɔe dzi be woaɖe afɔku si le formwork ƒe kpododonu alo mumu me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Le kɔnkrit ɖoɖo me la, ele be ame si woɖo be wòabi ɖe dɔa me la nalé ŋku ɖe formwork la ŋu ɣesiaɣi be wòade dzesi nuxaxa ƒe dzesi ɖesiaɖe, eƒe ʋuʋu fũu akpa, alo malikenyenye.

   - Ele be woakpɔ afisi woaɖoe ɖo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi be woakpɔ egbɔ be axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu le formwork la dzi megbɔ alesi wowɔe ƒe seɖoƒe ŋu o, eye woabu nusiwo nye kɔnkrit ƒe kpekpeme, dzoxɔxɔ, kple nusiwo wotsɔ tsakae zazã ŋu.

   - Ele be woakpɔ nya ɖesiaɖe si woakpɔ le kɔnkrit ɖoɖo me gbɔ enumake, eye woatɔ te dɔa wɔwɔ ne ehiã be woaɖe mɔ ɖe ɖɔɖɔɖodɔwo alo nuwo ɖɔɖɔɖo ŋu.

 

I. Ðaseɖigbalẽ Do Ŋgɔ na Stripping .

   - Hafi woadze formwork ɖeɖeɖa gɔme la, ele be woaxɔ ɖaseɖigbalẽ si woxɔ do ŋgɔ na stripping tso ame si bi ɖe dɔa me, abe xɔtuɖaŋunyala ene gbɔ.

   - Ele be ɖaseɖigbalẽa naɖo kpe edzi be kɔkrit la ɖo ŋusẽ si sɔ gbɔ be wòate ŋu alé eya ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme kple agba ɖesiaɖe si wozi ɖe ame dzi la ɖe te, eye be woate ŋu aɖe formwork la ɖa dedie evɔ womagblẽ kɔkrit ƒe akpaa ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye me o.

   - Ele be woatu ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aɖe formwork ɖa ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe ŋusẽ si wogblɔ, nɔnɔme siwo me wowɔa dɔ le, kple aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe nudidiwo dzi, eye woabu nusiwo nye siminti ƒomevi, yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ, kple ga si wotsɔna ƒoa gae alo nusiwo wotsɔna gbugbɔa nuawo zazã ŋu nyuie.

 

J. stripping kple eɖeɖeɖa formwork .

   - Ele be woae aetwo e dzdzme kple woe ɖeɖeɖa le mɔ si dzi woaɖu eye woawɔe vivivi nu, le ɖoɖo si woɖo ɖi do ŋgɔ nu be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔa ƒe liƒo kple dɔwɔlawo ƒe dedienɔnɔ le.

   - Ele be woaɖe formwork ƒe akpawo ɖa nyuie, woaƒo asa na agba ɖesiaɖe si woatsɔ ɖe kɔnkrit-nuawo dzi zi ɖeka alo fũu akpa, eye woaɖe afɔku si le nusiwo gblẽ le kɔnkrit la ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Ele be woaƒo formwork ƒe akpa siwo woɖe ɖa la nu ƒu nyuie, adzra wo ɖo, eye woalé be na wo be woaxe mɔ ɖe nusiwo gblẽ le wo ŋu nu eye woakpɔ egbɔ be wosɔ na wo gbugbɔgazã le dɔ siwo woawɔ le etsɔme me.

   - Ele be woade ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe akɔtaɖonu alo kpekpeɖeŋu ɖesiaɖe si hiã le eɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖoa me, abe megbefɔti alo gbugbɔgaɖoanyi ene, ɖe ɖoɖo si wowɔ ɖe aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ŋu nu eye wòanɔ teƒe ɖeka vaseɖe esime kɔkrit la naɖo eƒe aɖaŋu bliboa gbɔ.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la ƒo nu tso akpa veviwo kple nusiwo ŋu woabu le Formwork ƒe xɔtutu ƒe ɖoɖoa me ŋu kpuie:

Fefewɔƒe	Nu vevi siwo ŋu woabu .
Formwork ƒe xɔtunuwo tutuɖo .	- ŋgɔyiyi ƒe tsitretsitsi hena liƒo kple dedienɔnɔ . - bracing nudidiwo kple lateral stability .
Formwork Aʋatso Decks .	- Decture siwo yia edzi le afisi sɔ gbɔ wu meta 2 le dɔwɔwɔ ƒe akpa si le dɔ wɔm la te . - Wotrɔ asi le eŋu be wòado alɔ agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na eye wòana mɔnukpɔkpɔ nanɔ dedie .
Nuƒolanɔƒe siwo le domedome .	- Wozãnɛ ne alakpa deck kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe akpa si le dɔ wɔm dome didi wu meta 2 . - Kekeme suetɔ kekeake si nye 450 mm na dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le dedie .
Bearers kple joists dede .	- Bearers siwo woɖo ɖe U-ta alo kadodo siwo sɔ zazã me . - joists de perpendicular na bearers, spaced le aɖaŋu nu .
Laying deck formwork .	- ŋgɔyiyi ƒe ɖoɖo si dzea egɔme tso gota gome . - Kpɔ agbalẽviwo ƒe babla kple wo nutrenu ɖe ​​te be wòagage ɖe eme o .
Ame siwo gena ɖe lãme na ame .	- Wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖe eŋu eye wotsɔe de formwork ƒe nɔnɔmetata la me . - wowɔe dedie, wodzrae ɖo, eye wokpɔ eta be wòaɖe afɔkuwo dzi akpɔtɔ .
Do ŋgɔ na agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu kple ɖaseɖigbalẽ nana .	- Ame si bi ɖe dɔa me ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu nyuie be woakpɔe ɖa be wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple dzidzenuwo dzi hã . - Ðaseɖigbalẽ si woɖe ɖe go be woatsɔ aɖo kpe edzi be formwork le dedie na agbatsɔtsɔ .
Kɔkrit ɖoɖo kple ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu .	- Teƒeɖoɖo si dzi woɖu le ɖoɖo kple agbɔsɔsɔ si woɖo ɖi megbe . - ŋkuléle ɖe nuxaxa alo malikenyenye ƒe dzesiwo ŋu atraɖii .
Do ŋgɔ na stripping ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ .	- Ðaseɖigbalẽ si ame si bi ɖe dɔa me be wòaɖo kpe kɔnkrit ŋusẽ kple formwork ɖeɖeɖa dedienɔnɔ dzi . - Ɣeyiɣi si wotu ɖe ŋusẽ si woɖo ɖi dzi, nɔnɔme siwo daa dɔ na ame, kple aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nudidiwo .
Woɖea nuwo ɖa heɖea wo ɖa .	- Woɖea wo ɖa be woaɖe wo ɖa vivivi eye woawɔe vivivi be woakpɔ egbɔ be woli ke eye wole dedie . - formwork ƒe akpawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, wo dzadzraɖo, kple wo dzi kpɔkpɔ nyuie .

 

To afɔɖeɖe siawo kple nusiwo ŋu woabu dzi wɔwɔ me la, formwork kontraktalawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be wowɔ formwork systems siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, eye wowɔ ɖe wo dzi, eye mlɔeba la, woawɔ akpa aɖe le kɔnkrit xɔ si wowɔ vɔ ƒe nyonyome kple xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye me.

 

VI. Dɔbiagbalẽvi tɔxɛwo .

 

A. Gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo .

   1. Ya ƒe agbatsɔtsɔ ŋu bubu .

      - Ele be woatrɔ asi le gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe yaƒoƒo ƒe agbawo nu do ŋgɔ na kɔnkrit dada ɖe wo me, le ɣeyiɣi me, kple le wo dada vɔ megbe.

      - Ele be formwork ƒe ɖoɖoa nabu ya ƒe duƒuƒu si wokpɔ mɔ na, ​​nɔnɔme siwo me woaɖe nu le, kple ɣeyiɣi didi si formwork la ƒe ya ƒo ɖe eŋu la ŋu.

      - Ele be woana bracing kple anchorage be woatsi tre ɖe axadzi ya ƒe ŋusẽwo ŋu eye woaxe mɔ ɖe formwork la ƒe ʋuʋu alo eƒe ʋuʋu nu.

 

   2. Bracing .

      - Akɔtaɖoɖo si sɔ le vevie na gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo ƒe liƒo kple dedienɔnɔ, vevietɔ na nu kɔkɔwo alo esiwo le tsɛ.

      - Woateŋu awɔ bracing to horizontal kple diagonal members, abe gakpo pɔmpiwo, atiwo, alo nusiwo nye ame ŋutɔ tɔ ene, siwo wotsɔ do ƒome kple formwork la eye wotsɔ seke ɖo teƒe siwo li ke.

      - Ele be woatrɔ asi le bracing system la ŋu be wòatsi tre ɖe compression kple tension forces siwo ya, kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple agba bubuwo hena vɛ siaa ŋu.

      - Ele be woanɔ te ɖe formwork ƒe kɔkɔme, kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple teƒea ƒe nɔnɔmewo dzi anya dometsotso kple ɖoɖo si le wo dome.

 

   3. Mɔ̃ siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme .

      - Gli kple sɔtiwo e oo siwo le dedie eye wowna nyuie la le vevie na dɔwɔla siwo kpɔ gome le ŋusẽdodo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kɔnkrit ɖoɖo, kple agbalẽviwo me toto me.

      - Ele be woana mɔ̃ siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme, abe scaffolding, mobile towers, alo mast-slimbing work platforms ene be dɔwɔlawo nate ŋu aɖo formwork la ƒe akpawo katã dedie.

      - Ele be woatr asi le mnu siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme la ŋu be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na nu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dɔwɔlawo, dɔwɔnuwo, kple nuwo ƒe kpekpeme, eye woatsɔ dzɔlawo, afɔbidɛwo, kple anyidzedze takpɔkpɔ ƒe afɔɖeɖe bubuwo ade wo me.

      - Ele be woaɖo nuƒolanɔƒeawo ɖe teƒe aɖe eye woaɖo wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu be woaɖe afɔku si le nusiwo ado kplamatse formwork alo ŋusẽdodo me dzi akpɔtɔ eye woana dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo nyuiwo nanɔ bɔbɔe.

 

   4. Mɔnuwo kɔklɔ ƒe mɔnuwo .

      - Zi geɖe la, gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo bia be woazã cranewo alo mɔ̃ bubu siwo wotsɔna ƒoa nui.

      - Ele be formwork ƒe nɔnɔme la nade teƒe siwo sɔ, abe seke siwo kɔa ame, sockets, alo lugs ene, be woatsɔ awɔ dedienɔnɔ kple li ke kɔklɔdɔwo bɔbɔe.

      - Ele be woatrɔ asi le teƒe siwo woakɔ nu le la ŋu be woanɔ te ɖe agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na nu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye alesi wowɔa nuawoe le wo ɖokui si, kɔkrit ƒe kpekpeme, kple ŋusẽ ɖesiaɖe si trɔna le kɔklɔ me.

      - Ele be dɔwɔla siwo wona hehee nawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe wo kɔklɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu ahawɔ wo, woawɔ ɖe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo le dedie kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi le dɔwɔnu siwo wotsɔna kɔa nu kple woƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo ŋu.

 

B. Slab ƒe agbalẽviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ .

   - Wozãa slab formwork tsɔ doa alɔ kɔnkrit ƒe akpa siwo le tsia dzi tutu, abe slabs siwo le tsia dzi, xɔtunuwo, kple tɔdzisasrãwo ƒe xɔwo ene.

   - Ele be Slab Formwork ƒe wɔwɔme nabu nusiwo nye slab ƒe titrime, span, agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo, kple deflection limits ŋu.

   - Slab formwork zi geɖe la, enyea ɖoɖo si nye bearers, joists, kple decking material, si wotsɔ props, scaffolding, alo agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe xɔtunu bubuwo doa alɔe.

   - Ele be woatrɔ asi le formwork la ŋu be wòasɔ ɖe kɔkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo wokpɔ mɔ na, ​​xɔtutu ƒe agbawo, kple ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nudzraɖoƒe alo mɔɖeɖe ƒe nudidi ɖesiaɖe nu.

   - Woate ŋu abia be woatsɔ shoring kple reshoring akpe ɖe slab formwork kple kɔnkrit si woɖo yeyee ŋu vaseɖe esime kɔnkrit la naɖo ŋusẽ si sɔ gbɔ be wòalé eya ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme kple agba ɖesiaɖe si woɖo ɖe wo dzi la ɖe te.

 

C. Tolili ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .

   - Tolili ƒe nɔnɔme nye ɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖe si wozãna tsɔ tua xɔ kɔkɔ siwo le tsitrenu, abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, xɔ kɔkɔwo, kple tɔdzisasrãwo ene.

   - Nuɖoanyia nye modular formwork units siwo woateŋu akɔ alo 'climbed' ɖe dzidzenu si kplɔe ɖo dzi esime xɔtutua le edzi yim, to hydraulic jacks alo mɔ̃ɖaŋunu bubuwo zazã me.

   - Tolili ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ɖe mɔ na nusiwo le tsitrenu ƒe xɔtutu nyuie eye woayi edzi, si ɖea ɣeyiɣi ƒe didime dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòɖea xɔtuɖoɖo bubuwo ƒe tɔtɔ dzi kpɔtɔna.

   - Ele be tolili ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nabu nusiwo nye tolili ƒe ɖoɖo, agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe mɔnuwo, mɔɖeɖe kple dodo ɖe ŋgɔ na dɔwɔlawo, kple ɖekawɔwɔ kple xɔtuɖoɖo bubuwo ŋu.

   - Tolili formwork bia be woawɔ ɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖe, awɔ ɖoɖo ɖe wo ŋu, eye woawɔ wo, eye ele be nubablawɔla bibiwo nawɔe kple gɔmesese blibo le ɖoɖoa ƒe ŋutetewo kple seɖoƒewo ŋu.

 

D. Tunnel ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .

   - Wozãa mɔ̃ siwo woyɔna hã be mɔzɔgbalẽwo alo sliding forms, tsɔ tua xɔ siwo le fli me la kple cross-section ɣesiaɣi, abe tunnels, culverts, kple sewers ene.

   - Nuɖoanyia nyea formwork unit si le eɖokui si si wotsɔa kɔkrit la ɖoa ŋgɔe, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu atui ɖaa eye wòanɔ kabakaba.

   - Tunnel forms zi geɖe la, wotsɔa nɔnɔmewo abe ŋusẽdodo si wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae, kɔnkrit ɖoɖo kple compaction dɔwɔnuwo, kple dɔwɔƒe siwo woatsɔ akpɔ dɔwɔlawo kple nuwo gbɔ.

   - Ele be tunnel ƒe nɔnɔmewo ƒe wɔwɔme nabu nusiwo le abe cross-sectional profile, konkrit mix design, placement rate, kple control of alignment and grade ŋu.

   - Tunnel form tutu bia be woaw d nyuie eye woaw woww be woakp egb be wow d la e ŋgɔyiyi nyuie eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie, kpakple dɔwɔla siwo ŋu nyaa ku ɖo ƒe dedienɔnɔ.

 

VII. Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le formwork mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me .

 

A. Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ƒe ŋgɔyiyi .

   - Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ nyitsɔ laa le formwork mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me la ku ɖe formwork xɔtutu ƒe ɖoɖowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu ŋu.

   - Woto modular formwork systems, abe do ŋgɔ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kple self-slimbing units ene, vɛ be woatsɔ aɖe dɔwɔwɔ le teƒea kple ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aƒo wo nu ƒu dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Nusiwo le bɔbɔe zazã, abe aluminum kple plastik siwo wowɔ ɖekae ene, na be woate ŋu awɔ dɔ kabakaba wu eye woatsɔ formwork ƒe akpa aɖewo ayi teƒe bubuwo.

   - Wozã dijitaal mɔ̃ɖaŋunuwo, abe Xɔtunyatakakawo ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu (BIM) kple 3D tata ene, tsɔ wɔ nɔnɔmetatawo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple wo wɔwɔ, si na wowɔ nuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo de pɛpɛpɛ eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu.

 

B. Lãmesẽ Kple Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Nu yeyewo .

   - Formwork ƒe aɖaŋuwɔlawo kple ewɔlawo ƒe susu le egbɔkpɔnu siwo ana dɔwɔla siwo kpɔa gome le formwork xɔtutu me ƒe lãmesẽ kple dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi la toto vɛ ŋu geɖe wu.

   - Wotsɔ dedienɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae, abe dzɔlawo ƒe ʋuƒo siwo wotu ɖe eme, mɔ̃ siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme, kple adame ƒe ameléle ƒe ɖoɖowo ene, de formwork ɖoɖowo me be woaɖe afɔku si le anyidzedze tso kɔkɔme me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Woto ergonomic ŋgɔyiyiwo, abe nusiwo le bɔbɔe kple akpa siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le ene, vɛ be woaɖe asi le asi ŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe afɔku siwo do ƒome kple formwork ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kple eɖeɖeɖa dzi.

   - Wowɔ ɖoɖo siwo dzi wokpɔna tso didiƒe kple esiwo wowɔna le wo ɖokui si, abe ɖokuitɔdidi ƒe nɔnɔme kple robot-mɔ̃wo ene, be woatsɔ aɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe hiahiã dzi akpɔtɔ be woawɔ dɔ le teƒe siwo afɔku le alo esiwo me afɔku le.

 

C. Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nusiwo li tegbee ŋu .

   - Formwork dɔwɔƒea de dzesi vevienyenye si le nusiwo li tegbee ƒe gɔmeɖosewo dede agbalẽviwo ƒe ɖoɖowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple wo zazã me ŋu.

   - Wozãa nusiwo woate ŋu azã ake kple esiwo woate ŋu azã ake, abe gakpo kple aluminum ene, geɖe wu be woaɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ eye woaɖe ŋusẽ si formwork wɔwɔ kpɔna ɖe nutome dzi dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Wowɔ formwork ɖoɖo siwo me subɔsubɔ ƒe agbenɔnɔ didi wu le eye wowɔ wo gbugbɔgazã ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si lolo wu be woatsɔ awɔ nunɔamesiwo ŋudɔ nyuie wu eye woaɖe xɔtudɔwo ƒe carbon si wotsɔ ŋutilã wɔe dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Wodo ati kple atiwo e nusiwo wowna e oo nu, abe Avewo Dzikpkp e Aauoha (FSC) e dzdzmenuwo ene, zaz be woado alɔ avewo dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo ŋu agbanɔamedzi le.

   - Formwork ƒe aɖaŋuwɔlawo ku nu me tso nu yeyewo zazã ŋu, abe kɔkrit si me carbon mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o kple aggregates siwo wogbugbɔ zã ene, be woaɖe nutome ƒe afɔɖoƒe si le kɔnkrit wɔwɔ me dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la ƒo nu tso akpa veviwo kple nusiwo ŋu woabu le formwork dɔwɔɖoɖo tɔxɛwo kple ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le formwork mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me ŋu kpuie:

 

Hatsotso	Akpa Veviwo Kple Nusiwo Ŋu Nàbu .
Gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo .	- Ya ƒe agbatsɔtsɔ kple bracing nudidiwo . - Dedie yiyi ƒe mɔ̃wo kple lifting mɔnuwo .
Slab ƒe agbalẽvi .	- Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ na kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo, xɔtutu ƒe agbawo, kple deflection limit . - Nudidi siwo ku ɖe shoring kple reshoring ŋu .
Tolili ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ .	- Modular units na continuous vertical construction . - Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ, ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple ewɔwɔ tɔxɛ .
Tunnel ƒe Nɔnɔmewo .	- Self-contained units na linear structures kple constant cross-section . - Kɔkrit tsakatsaka ƒe nɔnɔme, teƒeɖoɖo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ, kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu dzi kpɔkpɔ .
Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ƒe ŋgɔyiyiwo .	- Modular ɖoɖowo, nusiwo le bɔbɔe, kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya siwo wozãna le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me . - Dɔwɔlawo kple kpekpe ƒe ɣeyiɣi si le teƒea dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ .
Lãmesẽ Kple Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Nu yeyewo .	- Dedienɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae kple ergonomic ŋgɔyiyiwo . - Adzɔge-dziɖuɖu kple ɖoɖo siwo wowɔna le wo ɖokui si .
Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nusiwo li tegbee ŋu .	- Nusiwo woate ŋu azã ake eye woate ŋu azã wo ake, subɔsubɔ ƒe agbe didi wu . - Ati kple nusiwo me carbon mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o siwo wokpɔ tso eme le mɔ si li ke nu .

 

To xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛ siawo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyi gɔmesese kple wo zazã me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu awɔ woƒe agbalẽviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, dedienɔnɔ, kple woƒe anyinɔnɔ nyuie wu, si ana mlɔeba nakpɔ dzidzedze bliboa kple nɔnɔme si wotu ɖe nuto si wotu la dzi.

 

VIII. Nyanuwuwuw

 

A. Nya vevi siwo ku ɖe formwork ƒomeviwo, aɖaŋuwɔwɔ, xɔtutu ŋu la gbugbɔɖoɖo .

   - Formwork nye kɔnkrit wɔwɔ ƒe akpa vevi aɖe, si naa ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu kple nɔnɔmewɔwɔ na kɔkrit yeye vaseɖe esime ŋusẽ si sɔ nasu esi be wòalé eɖokui ɖe te.

   - Nɔnɔme vovovowo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye atiwo, gakpo, aluminum, kple plastik, naa viɖe tɔxɛwo eye wosɔ na dɔ vovovo siwo wotu ɖe nusiwo le abe dɔa ƒe dzidzenu, aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe sesẽ, kple anyigba dzi nuwuwu ƒe nudidiwo dzi.

   - Ele be formwork design nabu akpa geewo, abe nyonyome, ganyawo, dedienn, etutu, kple agba siwo wozi ɖe formwork dzi ene, be woakpɔ egbɔ be ɖoɖoa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu kple gazazã nyuie.

   - Formwork xɔtutu ƒe ɖoɖoa lɔ afɔɖeɖe vevi geɖewo ɖe eme, tso xɔtunuwo tutu kple xɔtaxɔwo dede dzi va ɖo kɔnkrit ɖoɖo, ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu, kple formwork stripping, wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe bia ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie, ewɔwɔ, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ.

   - Nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo, abe gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo, slab formwork, tolili ƒe nɔnɔme, kple mɔ̃ ƒe nɔnɔmewo, didi ƒe aɖaŋu kple xɔtutu ƒe mɔnu tɔxɛwo be woatsɔ akpɔ kuxi tɔxɛwo gbɔ eye woawɔ dɔ nyuie wu.

 

B. Vevienyenye si le formwork nyui ŋu na kɔkrit xɔ siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le nyonyome nyuie .

   - Agbagbadzedze nyuie le vevie be woakp egb be dwlawo kple dukwo le dedie le etutu e oo bliboa me kple subɔsubɔ agbenɔƒe le kɔnkrit xɔ la me.

   - formwork si wowɔ nyuie eye wowɔe la ɖea afɔku si le kpododonuwo, anyidzedze, kple afɔkuwo me dzi kpɔtɔna, si ate ŋu ana ame naxɔ abi, ame ku, eƒe nunɔamesiwo nagblẽ, eye dɔa ƒe megbedede kple gazazãwo vevie.

   - Formwork wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit xɔtuɖoɖo si wowɔ vɔ ƒe nyonyome si wobia la gbɔ ɖoɖo me, si me eƒe nɔnɔme, didime, eƒe sɔsɔme, kple eƒe gowo ƒe nuwuwu, si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe eƒe dzedzeme, dɔwɔwɔ, kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ dzi tẽ.

   - Xɔtuɖoɖowo kple nuwɔna nyuiwo kpena ɖe nuwɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bliboa kple gazazã nyuie ŋu le kɔnkrit xɔtudɔwo me, si ɖea dɔwɔlawo, nuwo, kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe gazazãwo dzi kpɔtɔna esime wole xɔtudɔwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖiwo wɔm kabakaba.

   - To nusiwo li e dzdzmenuwo e dzdzmenuwo e oo kple wo zaz me dede eme, abe nusiwo woaw e oo nu, wo zaz ake, kple wo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ene me la, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo ate ŋu aɖe eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe nutome dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòado nuto siwo wotu ɖe anyigba dzi wu ɖe ŋgɔ.

 

Le nyataƒoƒo me la, nɔnɔmewɔwɔ nye nu vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit wɔwɔ me si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nuto si wotu ƒe dedienɔnɔ, eƒe nyonyome, eƒe nyonyome, kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ tegbee dzi tẽ. Esi xɔtudɔwɔƒewo yi edzi le tɔtrɔm eye wole kuxi yeyewo me tom la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be dɔwɔla bibiwo nanya nu tso ŋgɔyiyi yeye siwo wowɔ le formwork mɔ̃ɖaŋununya, aɖaŋuwɔwɔ, kple nuwɔna nyuitɔwo me ŋu. To Gɔmeɖosewo, Dɔwɔwɔwo, Kple Nu yeyewo Gɔmesese Le Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ ƒe Ðoɖowo Me me la, xɔtulawo ate ŋu awɔ nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe siwo ana woƒe dɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, asixɔxɔ, kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nanyo ɖe edzi.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la gblɔ nya vevi siwo ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe le nyati sia me la kpuie:

 

Akpa	Nya veviwo .
ƒomevi siwo nye formwork .	- Ati, gakpo, aluminum, kple plastik formwork ɖoɖowo . - Viɖewo kple wo zazã le ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe me .
Formwork ƒe akpawo kple kpeɖeŋutɔwo .	- Nu vevi siwo le eme: sheathing, framing, ties, anchors, spacers . - Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo na dɔwɔwɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ tɔxɛwo .
Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ŋuti nukpɔsusuwo .	- nyonyome, ganyawo, dedienɔnɔ, xɔtuɖoɖo, kple agbawo . - Aɖaŋuɖoɖowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ .
Formwork Xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe Ðoɖo .	- Framewo tutu, decks dede, kɔkrit ɖoɖo, ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu, stripping . - Akpa veviwo, nusiwo ŋu woabu, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nudidiwo .
Dɔbiagbalẽvi tɔxɛwo .	- Gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo, slab formwork, tolili ƒe nɔnɔme, mɔ̃memi ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo . - Aɖaŋuɖoɖo kple xɔtutumɔnu tɔxɛwo .
Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le formwork mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me .	- Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ƒe ŋgɔyiyi, lãmesẽ kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nu yeyewo, nusiwo li tegbee ŋu bubu . - Modular ɖoɖowo, dijitaal mɔ̃ɖaŋununya, nusiwo le bɔbɔe, dedienɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo wowɔ ɖekae .

 

To sidzedze sia zazã kple nuwɔwɔ aduadu kple formwork dɔwɔla bibiwo me la, xɔtuha siwo kpɔa gome le eme la ate ŋu akpɔ nɔnɔme sesẽwo le formwork systems me dzidzedzetɔe eye woana concrete structures siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le dedie, siwo kpɔa hadomegbenɔnɔ kple nutome ƒe nuhiahiã siwo le tɔtrɔm gbɔ.