Nukae nye xɔtuɖaŋuwo le xɔtutu me?

I. Ŋgɔdonya

 

A. Gɔmesese si le formwork ŋu

 

Formwork , le xɔtutu ƒe nyawo me la, fia ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe xɔ siwo wozãna tsɔ léa kɔkrit si wokɔ ɖe eme eye wotsɔa nɔnɔme kple lolome si wodi vaseɖe esime wòsesẽ ale gbegbe be wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe eɖokui nu. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa ati, gakpo, aluminum, alo modules siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ wɔa xɔ siawo eye wowɔa akpa vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit nu vovovowo abe gliwo, sɔtiwo, kpe gbadzɛwo, xɔtunuwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple mɔ̃wo tutu me.

 

Nusi wotsɔna ƒoa mo (sheathing) si me kɔkrit xɔdzoa le tẽ kple bearers siwo léa nutsyɔnu la ɖe te koŋue nyea formwork. Woyɔa nusiwo katã wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu, nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu, nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu, kaƒoƒo, kple nu bubu siwo kpena ɖe eŋu, be wo katã woyɔa nutata ƒe ɖoɖo.

 

B. Vevienyenye si le formwork ŋu le xɔtutu me

 

Xɔtuɖaŋuwo nye kɔnkrit xɔtudɔwo ƒe akpa vevi aɖe le ŋusẽ gã si wòkpɔna ɖe xɔ si wotu vɔ ƒe nyonyome, dedienɔnɔ, kple gazazã nyuie dzi ta. Susu vevi aɖewo siwo tae xɔmenuwo ƒe wɔwɔme le vevie alea gbegbe ɖo:

 

1. Xɔa ƒe blibonyenye: Xɔtuɖaŋu si ŋu wotrɔ asi le nyuie eye wodae nyuie la kpɔa egbɔ be wokɔ kɔkrit la ɖe eme eye wòhaya le nɔnɔme, lolome, kple teƒe si wodi, si wɔnɛ be xɔa ƒe ŋusẽ kple liƒo bliboa nɔa anyi.

 

2. Nusiwo wotsɔ wɔa anyigbae: Nusi ƒomevi wozãna tsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe dzedzeme mamlɛtɔ kple eƒe nɔnɔme dzi. Formwork si le gbadzaa eye wòle nyonyome deŋgɔ ate ŋu ana woawɔ nu nyuie wu, si ana be mahiã be woawɔ nuwo ɖɔɖɔɖodɔ si xɔa ga geɖe o.

 

3. Gazazã nyuie: Formwork ateŋu anye 60% le ga si katã wozãna ɖe kɔnkrit xɔ ŋu me. Aɖaŋuɖoɖo kple tiatia nyuie le xɔtuɖoɖoa ŋu ate ŋu aɖe dɔwɔlawo, nuwo, kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe gazazã dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ evɔ wòana xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo hã nawɔ kabakaba wu.

 

4. Dedienɔnɔ: Wotrɔ asi le xɔtunu siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le nyuie, wotu wo, eye wobla wo nyuie la le vevie ŋutɔ be dɔwɔla siwo le xɔtudɔwo me nanɔ dedie. Formwork ƒe gbagbã ate ŋu ahe afɔku gãwo, abixɔxɔ, kple nunɔamesiwo dome gbegblẽ vɛ.

 

5. Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le xɔtuɖaŋu mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me na xɔtuɖaŋunyalawo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo te ŋu wɔ kɔkrit xɔtunu siwo gɔme sese sesẽ wu, siwo me nu yeyewo le, eye woƒe dzedzeme dzea ame ŋu wu, siwo gbɔ ɖoɖo sesẽ alo womate ŋu awɔ le xɔtuɖaŋumɔnu xoxowo zazã me o.

 

Womate ŋu agblɔ alesi xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe vevienyenye le xɔtudɔwɔƒewoe agbɔ eme o. Enye nu vevi aɖe si ana woakpɔ egbɔ be wowu kɔnkrit xɔtudɔ ɖesiaɖe nu dzidzedzetɔe, tso xɔ sue siwo me amewo anɔ dzi va ɖo xɔtuɖaŋu gãwo dzi. Esi wòle alea ta la, xɔtuɖaŋunyalawo, mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo, kple xɔtudɔwɔlawo ƒe ƒomeviwo, akpa siwo wowɔ, aɖaŋu si ŋu woabu, kple mɔnu nyuitɔ siwo ku ɖe xɔtuɖaŋuwo ŋu gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ.

 

II. Formwork Ƒomeviwo

 

A. Atiwo ƒe Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ

 

1. Viɖe siwo le eŋu

   - Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu: Woate ŋu atso atiwo ƒe nɔnɔme , awɔ woƒe nɔnɔme, ahaƒo wo nu ƒu le teƒea bɔbɔe be woate ŋu awɔ xɔtuɖaŋu kple nɔnɔme vovovowo.

   - Gazazã nyuie: Atiwo mexɔ asi boo o ne wotsɔe sɔ kple nu bubuwo, si wɔe be wònye tiatia si me ga mele o na dɔ suewo va ɖo gãwo.

   - Atiwo ƒe anyinɔnɔ: Atiwo li le teƒe geɖe eye woate ŋu akpɔe le nutoa me le nuto akpa gãtɔ me.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo

   - Esɔ na gɔmeɖoanyiwo, gliwo, sɔtiwo, atiwo, kple kpe gbadzɛwo tutu le aƒewo kple asitsatsa ƒe xɔtudɔ siwo mesẽ o me.

   - Wozãnɛ zi geɖe le dɔ siwo me wòhiã be woawɔ nɔnɔme siwo gɔme sese sesẽ alo anyigba siwo woƒo la me.

 

B. Ga si Wotsɔ Wɔe

 

1. Viɖe siwo le eŋu

   - Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina: Ga si wotsɔa gakpo wɔe la nɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe agba kpekpewo kple yame ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo nu.

   - Gbugbɔgazã: Woate ŋu azã gakpo ƒe nɔnɔmewo zi gbɔ zi geɖe, si ana be ga menɔa anyi le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe o.

   - Precision: Steel formwork naa didime nyuitɔ kekeake ƒe nyateƒetoto kple ɖekawɔwɔ, si wɔnɛ be kɔkrit ƒe nuwuwu deŋgɔwo.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo

   - Enyo ŋutɔ na dɔ gãwo, siwo wogbugbɔna wɔna abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple dɔwɔƒewo ƒe xɔwo ene.

   - Esɔ na dɔ siwo ŋu mɔɖeɖe sesẽwo le kple anyigbadzinuwuwu ƒe nudidi deŋgɔwo.

 

C. Aluminium-mɔ̃ si wotsɔ wɔa xɔtunu

 

1. Viɖe siwo le eŋu

   - Eƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe: Aluminium-mɔ̃ si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe la le bɔbɔe wu gakpo, si wɔnɛ be eŋudɔwɔwɔ, etsɔtsɔ, kple eƒoƒoƒu le teƒea nɔa bɔbɔe.

   - Nusiwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu: Aluminium ƒomeviwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu le dzɔdzɔme nu, si ɖea beléle na wo ƒe hiahiãwo dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòdidia woƒe agbenɔƒe ɖe edzi.

   - Woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu: Woate ŋu awɔ aluminum formwork bɔbɔe wòazu nɔnɔme kple lolome vovovowo be wòasɔ ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu sesẽwo nu.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo

   - Wozãnɛ zi geɖe le dɔ siwo wowɔna zi geɖe, abe dziƒoxɔ geɖe tutu kple xɔ gbogbowo tutu ene.

   - Esɔ na dɔ siwo me xɔtutu ƒe duƒuƒu nye nu vevitɔ le, elabena woate ŋu aƒo aluminum ƒomeviwo nu ƒu kabakaba ahaɖe wo ɖa.

 

D. Plastik-mɔ̃ si Wotsɔ Wɔe

 

1. Viɖe siwo le eŋu

   - Eƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe: Plastik-mɔ̃wo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe eye wo zazã le bɔbɔe, si ɖea dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã dzi kpɔtɔna eye wònana dɔwɔƒea ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi.

   - Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina: Plastik ƒe nɔnɔme deŋgɔwo nɔa anyi didina eye woate ŋu azã wo ake zi gbɔ zi geɖe, si wɔnɛ be womexɔa ga geɖe le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe o.

   - Nuwuwu si le gbadzaa: Plastik-mɔ̃ ate ŋu ana kɔkrit ƒe anyigba si le gbadzaa, si ƒe nyonyome deŋgɔ, si ana be mahiã be woawɔ dɔ bubuwo ɖe anyigba dzi o.

 

2. Dɔwɔwɔwo

   - Esɔ na dɔ siwo bia nɔnɔme siwo me kɔ alo geometri siwo sesẽ, elabena woate ŋu atrɔ asi le plastik nɔnɔmewo ŋu bɔbɔe woazu aɖaŋu vovovowo.

   - Wozãnɛ zi geɖe le xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo me afisi wodi be woawɔ kɔnkrit si le gbadzaa, si dzea ame ŋu le atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo gome.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la gblɔ viɖe siwo le agbalẽvi ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ŋu kple wo zazã kpuie:

 

Formwork Ƒomevi	Viɖe siwo le eŋu	Dɔbiagbalẽviwo
Atiwo	- Trɔtrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu - Gazazã nyuie - Nusiwo li	- Aƒewo kple asitsatsa ƒe dɔwɔna siwo mesẽ o - Dɔwɔna siwo ƒe nɔnɔmewo sesẽ alo woƒe anyigba siwo woƒo
Ga	- Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina - Gbugbɔgazã - Nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ	- Dɔ gãwo, siwo wogbugbɔna wɔna - Dɔ siwo ŋu mɔɖeɖe sesẽwo le kple anyigbadzinuwuwu ƒe nudidi deŋgɔwo
Aluminium si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe	- Eƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe - Nusi te ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu - Nusiwo woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu	- Dɔ siwo wowɔ kple aɖaŋu siwo wogbugbɔ gblɔna - Dɔ siwo me xɔtutu ƒe duƒuƒu nye nu vevitɔ le
Plastik	- Eƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe - Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina - Nuwuwu si le gbadzaa	- Dɔ siwo bia be woawɔ nɔnɔme siwo gɔme sese sesẽ alo geometrics sesẽwo - Xɔtuɖaŋudɔ siwo bia be woawu enu wòanɔ gbadzaa, si adze ame ŋu le atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo gome

 

Nu vovovowo tiatia nɔ te ɖe nu vovovowo dzi, abe dɔa ƒe lolome, alesi woawɔe wòasesẽ, alesi woawɔe be woawu xɔa tame, gazazã, kple xɔtutu ƒe ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ awɔe ene. Viɖe siwo le xɔtuɖaŋu ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ŋu kple wo zazã gɔmesese nana be xɔtudɔwɔlawo te ŋu wɔa nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe eye wowɔa dɔa me tsonu nyuie wu.

 

III. Formwork Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo & Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo

 

A. H20 Atiwo ƒe Atiwo

   - H20 atikpowo nye akpa siwo woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu eye wozãa wo zi geɖe le xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖowo me.

   - Ati siawo nye ati siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le siwo wotsɔ ati nyuiwo wɔ, si naa wosẽna eye wonɔa anyi didina.

   - H20-tiwo ƒe atitsoga ƒe akpa tɔxɛ si le abe H ene naa agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe ŋutete nyuitɔ kekeake esime wòɖea kpekpeme dzi kpɔtɔna.

   - Wozãa H20-tiwo abe kpeɖeŋutɔ vevitɔwo ene le xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖowo me, abe bearers kple joists na slab formwork, kple walers na gli formwork ene.

 

B. Tie Rods

   - Wozãa tie rods, si woyɔna hã be form ties alo snap ties, tsɔ léa formwork panels ɖe teƒe nyuie eye wotsia tre ɖe axadzinyaƒoɖeamenu si kɔnkrit xɔdzo wɔna ŋu.

   - Wonye tensile unit si doa ka kple formwork ƒe mo siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu kple gotagome nusi léa nu ɖe ​​te.

   - Tie rods ƒe lolome kple agba ƒe ŋutete le vovovo, tso kilogram 400 va ɖo kilogram 20,000 kple edzivɔ, be woawɔ ɖe dɔa ƒe nudidi vovovowo dzi.

   - Tie rods ƒe dometsotso kple wo ɖoɖo nye nu vevi siwo ana woakpɔ egbɔ be formwork system la li ke eye eƒe xɔtuɖoɖoa le blibo.

 

C. Aʋala ƒe Nutsetsewo

   - Wing nuts nye nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu siwo wozãna kpe ɖe kaƒoƒo ƒe atiwo ŋu tsɔ léa formwork ƒe akpawo ɖe teƒea.

   - Woɖea 'aʋala' alo protrusions eve siwo ɖea mɔ na asi-sesẽ kple asiɖeɖe le eŋu bɔbɔe evɔ mehiã be woazã dɔwɔnu bubuwo o.

   - Aʋala ƒe nukuwo naa mɔnu si sɔ kabakaba eye wòsɔna be woaƒo formwork ɖoɖowo nu ƒu ahaɖe wo ɖa le teƒea.

   - Aʋala ƒe nukuwo zazã naa formwork ɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa nɔa bɔbɔe eye wòɖea dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi kple gazazãwo dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

D. Steel Walers ƒe agbalẽ

   - Steel walers nye xɔtunu siwo le tsia dzi siwo wozãna tsɔ maa agba si tso tie rods la me eye wonaa kpekpeɖeŋu bubu na formwork moawo.

   - Zi geɖe la, wowɔa wo tso gakpo ƒe mɔwo alo I-beams me eye wodaa wo ɖe tsitrenu ɖe ​​formwork ƒe mo ŋu.

   - Steel walers kpena ɖe formwork ɖoɖoa ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple liƒo ŋu, xea mɔ na deflection eye wòkpɔa egbɔ be kɔnkrit wu enu ɖekae.

   - Wonɔa te ɖe aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nudidiwo, kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖo ƒomevi si wozãna dzi ɖoa gakpo ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe lolome kple dometsotso.

 

E. Formwork ƒe Kpekpeɖeŋu Bubuwo

   - Clamps: Wozãa clamp ƒomevi vovovowo, abe wedge clamps kple universal clamps ene, tsɔ léa formwork ƒe akpawo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu eye woléa woƒe ɖekawɔwɔ me ɖe asi.

   - Scaffolding: Wozãa scaffolding systems, siwo dome access platforms kple support towers, zi geɖe kpe ɖe formwork ŋu be woana dɔwɔlawo nate ŋu age ɖe eme dedie eye woado alɔ formwork ƒe xɔa.

   - Braces: Wozãa bracing elements, abe diagonal braces kple cross braces ene, tsɔ naa axadzi liƒo na formwork system la eye wòtsia tre ɖe ya ƒe agbawo kple gotagome ŋusẽ bubuwo ŋu.

   - Nusiwo ɖea nu le nɔnɔme me: Wodea atike siwo ɖea nu le xɔmenuwo ƒe mo dzi be woaxe mɔ na kɔnkrit la be wòagabla ɖe xɔtunua ƒe nu ŋu o, si wɔnɛ be eƒe ɖeɖe le bɔbɔe wu eye wòɖea anyigba ƒe nɔnɔme madeamedziwo dzi kpɔtɔna.

   - Chamfer strips: Wozãa chamfer strips tsɔ wɔa chamfered edges ɖe concrete elements dzi, si naa nuwuwu si le dzadzɛ eye wòdzea ame ŋu le atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo me esime wòɖea afɔku si le chipping kple damage hã dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

Xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ tiatia kple wo zazã nɔ te ɖe xɔtudɔa ƒe nudidi tɔxɛwo dzi, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖo ƒomevi, kɔnkrit tsakatsaka ƒe ɖoɖo, xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe agbawo, kple teƒea ƒe nɔnɔme. Kpekpeɖeŋunu siawo zazã nyuie nana be xɔtunu si wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwo kple kɔkrit si dona tso eme la le dedie, li ke, eye wònyo.

 

Kpeɖeŋutɔ/Kpekpeɖeŋunu	Taɖodzi
H20 Atiwo ƒe Atiwo	Kpekpeɖeŋunala gbãtɔwo na slab kple gli formwork
Tie Rods ƒe Atiwo	Tsi tre ɖe axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ŋu eye nàde xɔtunu siwo wotsɔ wɔa xɔmenuwoe la nyuie
Aʋala ƒe Nutsetsewo	Na wòanɔ bɔbɔe be woaƒo agbalẽviwo nu ƒu/woaɖe wo ɖa kabakaba eye wòanɔ bɔbɔe
Steel Walers ƒe agbalẽ	Ma agbawo eye nàlé xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu me ɖe asi
Kplamatsedonu siwo wotsɔna ƒoa nuwoe	De dedie formwork ƒe akpawo eye nàlé wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu
Scaffolding ƒe ʋuʋudedi	Na dɔwɔlawo nakpɔ mɔ dedie eye nàdo alɔ agbalẽviwo
Akɔtaɖonuwo	Na axadzi nali ke eye nàtsi tre ɖe gotagome ŋusẽwo ŋu
Dɔwɔnu Siwo Ðea Agbalẽvi Siwo Ðe Go	Xɔ mɔ na kɔnkrit ƒe kadodo eye nàna formwork ɖeɖeɖa nanɔ bɔbɔe
Chamfer ƒe Ʋuʋudediwo	Wɔ nugbɔ siwo ŋu chamfered le eye nàna kɔnkrit ƒe nuwuwu nanyo ɖe edzi

 

Ne xɔtudɔwɔlawo se xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe akpa siawo kple woƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple wo zazã gɔme la, woate ŋu awɔ nɔnɔmetata siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le dedie, eye wole nyonyome nyuitɔ kekeake siwo akpɔ woƒe dɔwo ƒe nuhiahiã tɔxɛwo gbɔ ahawɔ wo.

 

IV. Formwork Design ƒe Nuŋububuwo

 

A. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutete

   - Ele be xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ natsɔ kɔnkrit xɔ si wowu enu ƒe nyonyome aɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ.

   - Ele be woatrɔ asi le xɔtunua ŋu ahawɔe wòade pɛpɛpɛ be wòaɖo kɔnkrit la ƒe nɔnɔme, lolome, eƒe sɔsɔme, kple eƒe anyigba ƒe nuwuwu si wodi.

   - Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nyonyome ŋu dometɔ aɖewoe nye be woatia xɔtunu siwo sɔ, akpɔ egbɔ be wotsɔ xɔtunu ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo sɔ nyuie eye wotre wo nu, eye woana akɔtaɖonu kple kpekpeɖeŋu si sɔ be woalé xɔtunu ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye me ɖe asi.

 

B. Ganyawo ŋuti nunya

   1. Nusiwo woatsɔ awɔ dɔe ƒe asi

      - Formwork materials tiatia kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe dɔa ƒe gazazã bliboa dzi tẽ.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo nabu ga si woatsɔ awɔ nuwoe le gɔmedzedzea me, kpakple woƒe anyinɔnɔ kple alesi woate ŋu azã wo ake ŋu.

      - Nusiwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi wu eye woate ŋu azã wo ake wu tiatia ate ŋu ana woaɖe gazazã dzi akpɔtɔ le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe megbe.

 

   2. Dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã

      - Ele be xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ naɖoe be yeaɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe gazazã siwo do ƒome kple xɔtunu ƒe ɖoɖoa ƒoƒo ƒu, etutu, kple eɖeɖe ɖa dzi akpɔtɔ.

      - Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ bɔbɔe, modular components zazã, kple nusiwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ dede eme ate ŋu aɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi kple gazazãwo dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ.

      - Mɔfiame siwo me kɔ eye wole kpuie nana le kpekpea ŋu kple egbɔkpɔkpɔ be dɔwɔlawo nate ŋu akpɔ wo bɔbɔe ate ŋu ana dɔwɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi.

 

   3. Dɔwɔnuwo ƒe asi

      - Ele be aɖaŋua nabu ga si woatsɔ awɔ dɔwɔnu siwo hiã hena xɔtunua ŋudɔwɔwɔ, etutu, kple eɖeɖe.

      - Dɔwɔnu tɔxɛwo ƒe hiahiã dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kple dɔwɔnu siwo sɔ, siwo li bɔbɔe zazã nyuie ate ŋu akpe ɖe dɔwɔnuwo ƒe gazazãwo dzi kpɔkpɔ ŋu.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo nabu alesi xɔtunu ƒe ɖoɖoa sɔ kple dɔwɔnu siwo li le teƒea hã ŋu.

 

C. Dedienɔnɔ

   - Ele be xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ natsɔ dɔwɔla siwo kpɔ gome le xɔtutudɔa me ƒe dedienɔnɔ aɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ.

   - Ele be woatsɔ nusiwo ana afɔku si le anyidzedze, ʋuʋu, kple mɔzɔzɔ dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ la ade aɖaŋua me, abe dɔwɔƒe siwo li ke, mɔ siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme dedie, kple ametakpɔnu nyui siwo woatsɔ akpɔ anyidzedze ta ene.

   - Ele be woatrɔ asi le xɔtunua ŋu be wòate ŋu anɔ te ɖe agba siwo katã wokpɔ mɔ na, ​​siwo dome kɔkrit, xɔtudɔwɔnuwo, kple dɔwɔlawo ƒe kpekpeme hã le, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖo si sɔ.

   - Dzodzro edziedzi kple beléle na xɔtunu ƒe ɖoɖoa le vevie ŋutɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be eƒe xɔtuɖoɖo le blibo eye woaxe mɔ ɖe kpododonu siwo ate ŋu ahe afɔkuwo vɛ nu.

 

D. Xɔtutu ƒe ŋutete

   1. Trɔ asi le nyagbugbɔgagblɔ ŋu

      - Gbugbɔgagblɔ dede xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔme me ate ŋu ana xɔtutu ƒe ŋutete kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nanyo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ.

      - Formwork ɖoɖoa ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple akpa siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu kple didime siwo mewɔa tɔtrɔ o ɖea mɔ na kpekpe kabakaba eye wòɖea alesi wòhiã be woawɔ nu ɖe ​​ɖoɖo nu le teƒea dzi kpɔtɔna.

      - Aɖaŋu siwo wogbugbɔna wɔna hã nana be woate ŋu agbugbɔ azã xɔtunu ƒe akpawo le dɔa ƒe akpa vovovowo me alo le dɔ siwo woawɔ le etsɔme me.

 

   2. Dimension dzidzenuwo

      - Dimension dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ le formwork ƒe wɔwɔme me nana be wowɔa ɖeka kple formwork ƒe adzɔnuwo kple kpeɖeŋutɔ siwo woate ŋu akpɔ bɔbɔe la nyona ɖe edzi.

      - Dzesidede dzidzenuwo zazã na formwork ƒe akpawo, abe panel ƒe lolome kple kpeɖeŋutɔ dometsotso ene, naa nuƒle ƒe ɖoɖoa nɔa bɔbɔe eye wòɖea gbeɖuɖɔ dzi kpɔtɔna.

      - Dzidzenuwɔwɔ hã doa akpa vovovoawo ƒe asitɔtrɔ ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɖe ŋgɔ eye wònaa kpekpe ƒe ɖoɖoa nɔa bɔbɔe.

 

   3. Dimension ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ

      - Agbɔsɔsɔme ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ me léle ɖe asi le xɔtunu ƒe wɔwɔme bliboa me le vevie ŋutɔ na xɔtutu nyuie.

      - Dimension siwo sɔ na formwork elements, abe beam kple column ƒe lolome ene, ɖea asitɔtrɔ siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu le teƒea ƒe hiahiã dzi kpɔtɔna.

      - Dimensional consistency hã naa akpa siwo wowɔ do ŋgɔ kple modular systems zazã nɔa bɔbɔe, si ɖea dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣi kple gazazãwo dzi kpɔtɔna.

 

E. Agba siwo le formwork dzi

   1. Kɔkrit yeye ƒe axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu

      - Ele be xɔtunu ƒe nɔnɔme nabu akɔnta le axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu si kɔkrit yeye wɔna ɖe nɔnɔmetata siwo le tsitrenu dzi ŋu.

      - Nusiwo abe kɔnkrit tsakatsaka ƒe kpekpeme, eɖoɖo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme, dzoxɔxɔ, kple nusiwo wotsɔ tsakae zazã kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nyaƒoɖeamenua dzi.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo nakpɔ dzidzenu kple mɔfiame siwo sɔ, abe ACI 347 ene, atsɔ anya aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ eye woagblɔ nɔnɔme ƒe ŋusẽ kple akɔtaɖonu si hiã.

 

   2. Agba siwo le tsitrenu

      - Ele be xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nabu agba siwo le tsitrenu siwo kɔnkrit ƒe kpekpeme, ŋusẽdoame, kple xɔtutu ƒe agba bubu ɖesiaɖe si woatsɔ akpe ɖe eŋu la ŋu.

      - Ele be aɖaŋua nakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖoɖoa ate ŋu alé agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na la ɖe te dedie evɔ womahe ɖe megbe fũ alo ado kpo nu o.

      - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo hã nabu ŋusẽ si xɔtudɔwɔnuwo, abe kɔnkrit pɔmpiwo kple ʋuʋudediwo, ate ŋu akpɔ ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe xɔtuɖoɖoa dzi ŋu.

 

F. Form design ƒe akɔntabubuwo

   - Formwork ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubuwo le vevie be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖoɖoa sɔ eye wòle dedie le formwork system la ŋu.

   - Ele be aɖaŋuwɔlawo nawɔ akɔntabubuwo atsɔ anya ŋusẽ kple sesẽ si hiã na xɔtunuawo ƒe akpawo, abe nutsyɔnu, xɔtunu, kple kpeɖeŋutɔ ƒe akpawo ene.

   - Ele be akɔntabubuawo nabu agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na ŋu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye axadzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, agba siwo le tsitrenu, kple xɔtutu ƒe agba bubu ɖesiaɖe.

   - Ele be akɔntabubu siwo ku ɖe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ŋu nawɔ ɖeka kple dzidzenu kple ɖoɖo siwo sɔ, abe ACI 347 kple nutoa me xɔtuɖoɖowo ene.

   - Ele be woaŋlɔ aɖaŋu ƒe akɔntabubuwo ɖe agbalẽ me eye mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla bibi aɖe naɖo kpe wo dzi be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖoɖoa ɖo dedienɔnɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dzidzenu siwo hiã la gbɔ.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la gblɔ aɖaŋunu vevi siwo ŋu woabu na xɔmenuwo kpuie:

Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ Ŋuti Nuŋububu	Nya Veviwo
Nyonyo	- Na woaɖo nɔnɔme, lolome, ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple anyigba ƒe nuwuwu si nèdi gbɔ - Tia nusiwo sɔ eye nàkpɔ egbɔ be wosɔ nyuie eye wotre wo nu nyuie
Ga ŋuti nya	- Bu nuwo, dɔwɔlawo, kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe asi ŋu - Tia nusiwo nɔa anyi didina eye woate ŋu azã ake, ana aɖaŋuwɔwɔ nanɔ bɔbɔe, eye nàzã modular components
Dedienɔnɔ	- Ðe afɔku si le anyidzedze, ʋuʋu, kple mɔzɔzɔ me dzi kpɔtɔ - Trɔ asi le formwork ŋu be wòanɔ te ɖe agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na nu kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe akpa si sɔ
Xɔtutu ƒe ŋutete	- De aɖaŋuwɔwɔ gbugbɔgagblɔ eme, lé didime ƒe dzidzenuwo me ɖe asi, eye nàlé didime ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ me ɖe asi - Na kpekpeɖeŋu nana be woaƒo wo nu ƒu nyuie, woagazã wo ake, eye woawɔ ɖeka kple nunɔamesi siwo li
Agbawo le formwork dzi	- Bu akɔnta le axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu le kɔnkrit yeye kple agba siwo le tsitrenu ŋu - Kpɔ dzidzenu kple mɔfiame siwo sɔ na aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo kple agba ƒe akɔntabubu
Fomu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe akɔntabubuwo	- Wɔ akɔntabubuwo be nànya ŋusẽ kple sesẽ si hiã le formwork ƒe akpawo ŋu - Wɔ ɖe dzidzenu kple kɔda siwo sɔ dzi, eye nàŋlɔ akɔntabubuwo ɖi ahaɖo kpe wo dzi

 

Ne aɖaŋuwɔlawo bu aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe akpa siawo ŋu nyuie la, woate ŋu awɔ xɔtuɖoɖo siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le dedie, eye womexɔa ga geɖe o, siwo akpɔ egbɔ be kɔkrit si wowu enu la ƒe nyonyome le esime wole xɔtutudɔa wɔm nyuie wu.

 

V. Formwork Xɔtuɖoɖo

 

A. Formwork framewo tutu

   - Ele be woatu formwork frames vivivi be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔtuɖoɖo bliboa li ke eye eteƒedelawo nanɔ dedie.

   - Ele be tsitretsitsi ƒe ɖoɖoa nawɔ ɖe aɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo kple ewɔla ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi, eye woabu nusiwo abe xɔtunu ƒe dometsotso, xɔtunu ƒe nudidiwo, kple mɔ siwo woɖo ɖi be woatsɔ age ɖe eme ŋu.

   - Ele be woatsɔ akɔtaɖonuwo abla xɔtunuawo kaba ale si wòanya wɔ be woana axadzi nali ke eye woaxe mɔ ɖe malikenyenye nu le nusiwo le abe ya ƒe agbatsɔtsɔ ene ta.

   - Ne xɔtunuawo ƒe kɔkɔme le dzidzim ɖe edzi la, alesi wòhiã be woali ke le axadzi la va le vevie wu, eye ele be woade akɔtaɖonu bubuwo ɖe edzi.

 

B. Formwork alakpa decks

   - Wodea alakpa deck, si wogayɔna be ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe deck alo dɔwɔƒe, dea formwork frames me be woana dɔwɔƒe si le dedie na dɔwɔlawo.

   - Zi geɖe la, woɖoa aʋatso deckwo ɖe teƒe si kɔkɔ meta 2 alo esi mede nenema o le formwork deck si wole tutum la te be woaɖe afɔku si le anyidzedze me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Ele be alakpa deck la nayi edzi eye wòatsyɔ xɔtunua ƒe akpa bliboa dzi, eye afisiwo xɔtunuawo ƒe akpa siwo le tsitrenu to deck la me koe woaɖe mɔ na dometsotsowo le.

   - Ele be woatrɔ asi le alakpa deck la ŋu be wòate ŋu alé dɔwɔlawo, nuwo, kple nusiwo ate ŋu adze anyi ƒe agba si wokpɔ mɔ na la ɖe te, eye eƒe kekeme ya teti nanye 450 mm na domedome nuƒolanɔƒewo.

 

C. Nuƒolanɔƒe siwo le titina

   - Wozãa domedome nuƒolanɔƒewo ne didime si le alakpa deck kple formwork deck si wole tutum dome mede meta 2 o.

   - Nuƒolanɔƒe siawo naa dɔwɔƒe si le dedie na dɔwɔla siwo le bearers, joists, kple formwork ƒe akpa bubuwo dem.

   - Ele be domedome nuƒolanɔƒewo nakeke milimeta 450 ya teti eye woaɖo wo ɖe kɔkɔƒe si ana woate ŋu awɔ dɔ dedie eye wòawɔ dɔ nyuie evɔ womahe afɔku bubu siwo le asidɔwɔwɔ ŋu vɛ o.

 

D. Bearers kple joists dede

   - Bearers nye kpeɖeŋutɔ gbãtɔ siwo le tsia dzi siwo tsɔa agbaa tso formwork deck la gbɔ yia frames la gbɔ, gake joists nye kpeɖeŋutɔ evelia siwo kekena ɖe bearers dome.

   - Ele be woatsɔ U-ta alo kadodo bubu siwo sɔ aɖo ʋuƒoawo dzi be woaxe mɔ ɖe ʋuʋu nu, eye kadodo eve ya teti nanɔ xɔtunu ɖesiaɖe ŋu.

   - Ele be woade ʋuƒo siwo le tsitre ɖe agbatsɔlawo ŋu, eye woakpɔ dometsotso kple woƒe lolome to aɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo kple agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na dzi.

   - Ne wole bearers kple joists dem la, ele be dɔwɔlawo nazã dɔwɔƒe si le dedie, abe false deck alo intermediate platform ene, be woaɖe afɔku si le anyidzedze me dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

E. Deck ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖoɖo

   - Wotsɔa deck formwork, si wotsɔa plywood alo ati bubu siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le wɔna zi geɖe la dana ɖe ʋuƒoawo tame be woawɔ anyigba si dzi woakɔ kɔkrit la ɖo.

   - Ele be deck formwork ƒe ɖoɖo nazɔ ɖe ɖoɖo si yia ŋgɔ dzi, adze egɔme tso xɔa ƒe golɔgoewo dzi eye wòaʋu ayi eme.

   - Ele be woatsɔ aŋe, gavi, alo nu bubu siwo sɔ atsɔ abla deck formwork sheets ɖe joists la ŋu nyuie be woaxe mɔ ɖe ʋuʋu nu le kɔnkrit kɔklɔ me.

   - Ele be woatre dometsotso ɖesiaɖe si le deck formwork sheets dome be kɔnkrit nagatso o eye woakpɔ egbɔ be wowu enu nyuie.

 

F. Nusiwo gena ɖe lãme na ame

   - Ele be woawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe gege ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe akpata me, abe esiwo woatsɔ awɔ subɔsubɔdɔwo alo ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe ʋuʋu ene, eye woatsɔ wo ade xɔtunua ƒe nɔnɔmetata me.

   - Ele be woagblɔ afisi woate ŋu age ɖo ƒe lolome, teƒe, kple ŋusẽdodo wo nyuie le aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo me eye woagblɔe na xɔtunuawo ɖoɖo ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa.

   - Ele be woawɔ nusiwo gena ɖe lãme na ame nyuie eye woalé wo ɖe te be woalé woƒe nɔƒe me ɖe asi le kɔnkrit kɔklɔɣi eye woaxe mɔ ɖe ʋuʋu alo mumu ɖesiaɖe nu.

   - Ele be woade dedienɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo, abe ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nutsyɔnu alo dzɔlawo ƒe ʋuƒo ene, ƒo xlã afisiwo woate ŋu age ɖo be woaɖe afɔku si le gege alo nuwo ƒe gege to ʋuƒoawo me dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

G. Do ŋgɔ na agbatsɔtsɔ me dzodzro kple ɖaseɖigbalẽ nana

   - Hafi woatsɔ agba aɖeke ade xɔtunua dzi, si me ŋusẽdoame ƒe ɖoɖo alo kɔkrit kɔklɔ hã le la, ele be ame bibi aɖe, abe xɔtunu ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla alo dɔdzikpɔla ene, nalé ŋku ɖe eŋu nyuie.

   - Ele be ŋkuléleɖenuŋua nakpɔe ɖa be wotu xɔtunua le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo, ewɔla ƒe mɔfiamewo, kple dzidzenu siwo sɔ, abe AS 3610 (Australia) alo ACI 347 (USA).

   - Ele be woaɖɔ nusiwo gblẽ alo esiwo mewɔ ɖeka o siwo wokpɔ le ŋkuléle ɖe nu ŋu me ɖo hafi woayi agbatsɔtsɔ dzi.

   - Ne wonya lé ŋku ɖe xɔtunua ŋu eye wobu be edze ame ŋu ko la, ele be ame si dze la nana ɖaseɖigbalẽ alo mɔɖeɖe, si aɖo kpe edzi be agbalẽvi la le dedie na agbatsɔtsɔ.

 

H. Kɔkrit ɖoɖo kple ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu

   - Ele be woawɔ kɔkrit ɖoɖo le mɔ si dzi wokpɔ ŋusẽ ɖo eye woawɔe ɖe ɖoɖo nu, woawɔ ɖe tsi si wokɔ ɖe eme ƒe ɖoɖo kple agbɔsɔsɔme si wogblɔ dzi be woaɖe afɔku si le xɔtunu ƒe kpododonu alo mumu me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Le kɔnkrit ɖoɖo me la, ele be ame aɖe si woɖo be wòanɔ ŋku lém ɖe xɔtunua ŋu ɣesiaɣi be wòade dzesi nuteɖeamedzi, eƒe ʋuʋu fũ akpa, alo malikenyenye ƒe dzesi ɖesiaɖe.

   - Ele be woakpɔ alesi woaɖoe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme dzi be woakpɔ egbɔ be axadzi nyaƒoɖeamenu si le xɔtunua ŋu mewu seɖoƒe si woɖo be woawɔ o, eye woabu nusiwo nye kɔnkrit ƒe kpekpeme, dzoxɔxɔ, kple nusiwo wotsɔ tsakae zazã ŋu.

   - Ele be woakpɔ nya ɖesiaɖe si wokpɔ le kɔkrit ɖoɖo me gbɔ enumake, eye woatɔ te eɖoɖo ne ehiã be woaɖe mɔ na ɖɔɖɔɖo alo edzadzraɖo.

 

I. Do ŋgɔ na eƒe awuwo ɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ

   - Hafi woadze formwork ɖeɖeɖa gɔme la, ele be woaxɔ ɖaseɖigbalẽ do ŋgɔ na eɖeɖe tso ame bibi aɖe gbɔ, abe xɔtuɖaŋunyala ene.

   - Ele be ɖaseɖigbalẽa naɖo kpe edzi be kɔkrit la ɖo ŋusẽ si sɔ gbɔ be wòate ŋu alé eya ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme kple agba ɖesiaɖe si wozi ɖe edzi la ɖe te, eye be woate ŋu aɖe xɔtunua ɖa dedie evɔ womagblẽ kɔnkrit ƒe akpaa ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe blibonyenye me o.

   - Ele be woatu ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aɖe xɔmenuwo ɖa le kɔnkrit ƒe ŋusẽ si wogblɔ, nɔnɔme siwo me wòawɔ dɔ le, kple alesi woawɔe ƒe nudidiwo dzi, eye woabu nusiwo le abe siminti ƒomevi, yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ, kple nusiwo naa nu zɔna kabakaba alo nusiwo tsia megbe zazã ŋu nyuie.

 

J. Formwork ɖeɖeɖa kple eɖeɖe

   - Ele be woawɔ xɔtuɖaŋuwo ɖeɖeɖa kple wo ɖeɖeɖa le mɔ si dzi woakpɔ eye woawɔe wòayi ŋgɔ nu, le ɖoɖo si woɖo ɖi do ŋgɔ nu be woakpɔ egbɔ be xɔa li ke eye dɔwɔlawo le dedie.

   - Ele be woaɖe xɔtunuawo ƒe akpawo ɖa nyuie, woaƒo asa na agba ɖesiaɖe si age ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe akpawo dzi kpata alo wòagbɔ eme, eye woaɖe afɔku si le kɔnkrit ƒe anyigba ƒe gbegblẽ me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Ele be woaƒo xɔtunu ƒe akpa siwo woɖe le wo ŋu la nu ƒu nyuie, adzra wo ɖo, eye woalé be na wo be woagagblẽ o eye woakpɔ egbɔ be wosɔ be woagazã le etsɔme dɔwo me.

   - Ele be woade ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe akɔtaɖonu alo kpeɖeŋutɔ ɖesiaɖe si hiã le stripping ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, abe back propping alo reshoring ene, le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple design ƒe ɖoɖowo eye wòanɔ teƒea vaseɖe esime kɔnkrit la naɖo eƒe design ƒe ŋusẽ bliboa gbɔ.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la gblɔ afɔɖeɖe vevi siwo woawɔ kple nusiwo ŋu woabu le xɔtuɖaŋuwo tutu me kpuie:

Fefewɔƒe	Nu Vevi Siwo Ŋu Woabu
Formwork ƒe xɔtunuwo tutu	- Tsitretsitsi vivivi hena liƒo kple dedienɔnɔ - Bracing ƒe nudidiwo kple axadzi liƒo
Formwork alakpa decks	- Decks siwo yia edzi le deck si le dɔ wɔm la te meta 2 si sɔ gbɔ wu - Wotrɔ asi le eŋu be wòado alɔ agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na eye wòana mɔɖeɖe dedie
Nuƒolanɔƒe siwo le titina	- Wozãnɛ ne didime si le alakpa deck kple dɔwɔwɔ deck dome mede meta 2 o - Kekeme suetɔ kekeake si nye 450 mm na dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le dedie
Bearers kple joists dede eme	- Bearers siwo woɖo to U-ta alo kadodo siwo sɔ zazã me - Joists siwo woda ɖe tsitrenu ɖe ​​bearers ŋu, siwo dome didi le alesi wowɔe nu
Deck ƒe xɔmenuwo ɖoɖo	- Ðoƒe yiyi si dzea egɔme tso gota gome - Dzra agbalẽwo ƒe babla kple wo nutrenu dedie be woaxe mɔ ɖe tsi si le dodom nu
Nusiwo gena ɖe lãme na ame	- Wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖe eŋu eye wotsɔe de formwork design la me - Woɖoe dedie, wodo ŋusẽe, eye wokpɔ eta be woaɖe afɔkuwo dzi akpɔtɔ
Do ŋgɔ na agbatsɔtsɔ me dzodzro kple ɖaseɖigbalẽ nana	- Ame bibi ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu nyuie be woakpɔe ɖa be wowɔ ɖe aɖaŋu kple dzidzenuwo dzi hã - Ðaseɖigbalẽ si wona be woatsɔ aɖo kpe edzi be formwork le dedie na agbatsɔtsɔ
Kɔkrit ɖoɖo kple ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu	- Wokpɔ ɖoƒe si dzi wokpɔna le ɖoɖo si woɖo ɖi kple agbɔsɔsɔme si woɖo ɖi nu - Lé ŋku ɖe nuteɖeamedzi alo malikenyenye ƒe dzesiwo ŋu atraɖii
Do ŋgɔ na eƒe awuwo ɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ	- Ðaseɖigbalẽ tso ame bibi gbɔ be wòaɖo kpe kɔnkrit ƒe ŋusẽ kple formwork ɖeɖeɖa ƒe dedienɔnɔ dzi - Ɣeyiɣi si wotu ɖe ŋusẽ si wogblɔ, dɔyɔyɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo, kple aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nudidiwo dzi
Formwork ɖeɖeɖa kple eɖeɖe ɖa	- Woaɖee ɖa vivivi eye woawɔe vivivi be woakpɔ egbɔ be woli ke eye wole dedie - Formwork ƒe akpawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo nyuie, wo dzadzraɖo, kple wo dzi kpɔkpɔ

 

To afɔɖeɖe siawo kple nusiwo ŋu woabu dzi la, xɔtuɖaŋudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ be wotu xɔtuɖoɖowo le dedie, wowɔa dɔ nyuie, eye wowɔ ɖe sewo dzi, eye mlɔeba la, esia akpe ɖe kɔnkrit xɔ si wowɔ vɔ la ƒe nyonyome kple xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe blibonyenye ŋu.

 

VI. Formwork Dɔbiagbalẽvi Tɔxɛwo

 

A. Gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo

   1. Ya ƒe agbatsɔtsɔ ŋu bubu

      - Ele be woatrɔ asi le gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe ya ƒe agba nu do ŋgɔ na kɔkrit ɖoɖo, le eɖoɖo me, kple le eɖoɖo vɔ megbe.

      - Ele be xɔtunua ƒe wɔwɔme nabu ya ƒe duƒuƒu si wokpɔ mɔ na, ​​nɔnɔme siwo me wòate ŋu aƒoe ɖo, kple ɣeyiɣi didi si xɔtunua axɔ ya.

      - Ele be woawɔ bracing kple anchorage be woatsi tre ɖe ya ƒe ŋusẽ siwo le axadzi ŋu eye woaxe mɔ ɖe formwork la ƒe ʋuʋu alo eƒe ʋuʋu nu.

 

   2. Kpekpeɖeŋunana

      - Kpekpeɖeŋunana nyuie le vevie na gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo ƒe liƒo kple dedienɔnɔ, vevietɔ na nu kɔkɔwo alo esiwo le tsɛ.

      - Woateŋu awɔ akɔtaɖonu to nusiwo le tsia dzi kple esiwo le axadzi, abe gakpo ƒe pɔmpiwo, atiwo, alo ɖoɖo siwo nye ame ŋutɔ tɔ ene, siwo wotsɔ do ka kple xɔtunua eye wotsɔ seke bla wo ɖe teƒe siwo li ke la zazã me.

      - Ele be woatrɔ asi le bracing system la ŋu be wòatsi tre ɖe nutete kple tete ƒe ŋusẽ siwo ya, kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple agba bubuwo hena vɛ siaa ŋu.

      - Ele be woanɔ te ɖe xɔtunua ƒe kɔkɔme, kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, kple teƒea ƒe nɔnɔme dzi anya dometsotso kple ɖoɖo si le ʋuƒoa ŋu.

 

   3. Mɔɖeɖe ɖe nuƒolanɔƒewo ŋu

      - Gli kple sɔti ƒe agbalẽviwo xɔxɔ dedie eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie le vevie ŋutɔ na dɔwɔla siwo kpɔa gome le ŋusẽdoamenuwo dede, kɔkrit ɖoɖo, kple agbalẽviwo me toto me.

      - Ele be woana mɔnu siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme, abe xɔ kɔkɔ siwo wotsɔna zɔa mɔe, alo dɔwɔƒe siwo dzi woate ŋu azɔ mɔ le, be dɔwɔlawo nate ŋu aɖo xɔtunua ƒe akpawo katã dedie.

      - Ele be woatrɔ asi le mɔnu siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme la ŋu be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na nu, siwo dome dɔwɔlawo, dɔwɔnuwo, kple nuzazãwo ƒe kpekpeme hã le, eye woatsɔ dzɔlawo, afɔbidɛwo, kple ametakpɔnu bubuwo ade wo me.

      - Ele be woaɖo nuƒolanɔƒeawo ɖe ɖoɖo nu eye woaɖo wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu be woaɖe afɔku si le nutete si ate ŋu ado kplamatse xɔtunu alo ŋusẽdodo la dzi akpɔtɔ eye wòana dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo nyuiwo nanɔ bɔbɔe.

 

   4. Mɔ siwo wozãna tsɔ kɔa nu

      - Zi geɖe la, gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmewo hiã be woakɔ wo ɖe dzi ahaɖo wo ɖe teƒe si woazã crane alo mɔ̃ bubu siwo wotsɔ wɔa dɔe.

      - Ele be woatsɔ nu kɔkɔƒe siwo sɔ, abe seke siwo wotsɔ kɔa nu, sockets, alo lugs ene ade xɔtunua ƒe nɔnɔme me be wòana nu kɔkɔdɔwo nanɔ dedie eye woali ke.

      - Ele be woatrɔ asi le teƒe siwo woakɔ nu ŋu be woate ŋu anɔ te ɖe agba siwo wokpɔ mɔ na nu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye agba si wotsɔ kɔa nu la ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme, kɔkrit ƒe kpekpeme, kple ŋusẽ ɖesiaɖe si ʋãa ame le ekɔɣi.

      - Ele be dɔwɔla siwo wona hehee nawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe kɔklɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu eye woawɔ wo, le dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo le dedie kple adzɔnuwɔƒea ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi wɔwɔ ɖe nukɔkɔ ƒe dɔwɔnuwo kple kpeɖeŋutɔwo ŋu dzi.

 

B. Slab ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ

   - Wozãa kpe gbadzɛwo tsɔ doa alɔ kɔnkrit ƒe akpa siwo le tsia dzi, abe kpe gbadzɛ siwo le tsia dzi, atikpowo, kple tɔdzisasrãwo ƒe xɔtunuwo tutu.

   - Ele be slab formwork ƒe wɔwɔme nabu nusiwo nye slab ƒe titrime, span, agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe nɔnɔme, kple deflection limits ŋu.

   - Zi geɖe la, gbadzɛ ƒe xɔtunu nyea ɖoɖo aɖe si me wotsɔa nu, ʋuƒo, kple xɔtaxɔe, si wotsɔa nu siwo wotsɔna tsɔa nu, xɔtunu, alo agbatsɔnu bubuwo léna ɖe te.

   - Ele be woatrɔ asi le xɔtunua ŋu be wòasɔ ɖe kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu siwo wokpɔ mɔ na, ​​xɔtutu ƒe agbawo, kple ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nudzraɖoƒe alo gege ɖe eme ƒe nudidi ɖesiaɖe nu.

   - Woate ŋu abia be woatsɔ akɔtaɖonu kple afɔtoƒe agbugbɔ aɖo kpe gbadzɛa ƒe xɔtunu kple kɔkrit si woda yeyee la ɖe te vaseɖe esime kɔnkrit la naɖo ŋusẽ si sɔ gbɔ be wòate ŋu alé eya ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme kple agba ɖesiaɖe si wozi ɖe edzi la ɖe te.

 

C. Tolili ƒe xɔmenuwo

   - Climbing formwork nye ɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖe si wozãna tsɔ tu xɔ kɔkɔ siwo le tsitrenu, abe xɔ kɔkɔwo, xɔ kɔkɔwo, kple tɔdzisasrãwo ene.

   - Nuɖoɖoa nye modular formwork units siwo woateŋu akɔ alo 'lia' ayi dzisasrã si kplɔe ɖo dzi ne xɔtutua le edzi yim, to hydraulic jacks alo mɔ̃ɖaŋu mɔnu bubuwo zazã me.

   - Tolili xɔtuɖaŋuwo na be woate ŋu atu nusiwo le tsitrenu nyuie eye woayi edzi, si ɖea crane ƒe ɣeyiɣi ƒe hiahiã dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòɖea tɔtɔ si le xɔtudɔ bubuwo me dzi kpɔtɔna.

   - Ele be tolili ƒe xɔtunu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nabu nusiwo le abe tolili ƒe ɖoɖo, agbatsɔtsɔ ƒe mɔnuwo, mɔɖeɖe kple dodo na dɔwɔlawo, kple ɖekawɔwɔ kple xɔtuɖoɖo bubuwo ŋu.

   - Tolili ƒe xɔmenuwo bia aɖaŋu tɔxɛ, ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple edziwɔwɔ, eye ele be kontraktɔ bibi siwo se ɖoɖoa ƒe ŋutetewo kple seɖoƒewo gɔme nyuie nawɔe.

 

D. Tunnel ƒe nɔnɔmewo

   - Wozãa mɔ̃memi ƒe nɔnɔme, si woyɔna hã be mɔzɔzɔ ƒe nɔnɔme alo ʋuʋudedi ƒe nɔnɔme, tsɔ tua xɔ siwo le fli me siwo ƒe akpa si wotso ɣesiaɣi, abe mɔdodowo, tsiɖɔɖɔɖɔƒewo, kple tsiɖɔɖɔɖɔƒewo ene.

   - Nuɖoanyia nyea xɔtunu si le eɖokui si si wotsɔa ʋu yia ŋgɔ ne wole kɔnkrit la ɖom, si wɔnɛ be woate ŋu atu xɔtutu ɖaa eye wòwɔa dɔ kabakaba.

   - Zi geɖe la, mɔ̃memi ƒe nɔnɔmewo dea nɔnɔmewo abe ŋusẽdodo si wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae, kɔnkrit ɖoɖo kple eƒe nutete ƒe dɔwɔnuwo, kple dɔwɔƒewo na dɔwɔlawo ƒe gege ɖe eme kple nuwo ŋudɔwɔwɔ.

   - Ele be mɔ̃memi ƒe nɔnɔmewo ƒe wɔwɔme nabu nusiwo nye cross-sectional profile, concrete mix design, placement rate, kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe alignment kple grade dzi kpɔkpɔ ŋu.

   - Mɔdodo ƒe nɔnɔme tutu bia ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie be woakpɔ egbɔ be dɔawo yi edzi nyuie eye wòwɔ dɔ nyuie, kpakple dɔwɔla siwo le eme ƒe dedienɔnɔ.

 

VII. Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le Formwork Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me

 

A. Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ƒe ŋgɔyiyi

   - Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ nyitsɔ laa le xɔtuɖaŋu mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me la ku ɖe xɔtuɖoɖowo tutu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu ŋu.

   - Wowɔ modular formwork systems, abe pre-assembled panels kple self-climbing units ene, be woaɖe dɔwɔwɔ le teƒea kple ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aƒo wo nu ƒu dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Nusiwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe, abe aluminum kple plastic siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui zazã na be woate ŋu awɔ nu kabakaba wu eye woatsɔ wo ayi teƒe bubuwo.

   - Wozã dijitaal mɔ̃ɖaŋununyawo, abe Xɔtunyawo ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu (BIM) kple 3D tata ene, tsɔ wɔ xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple wo wɔwɔ, si na be woate ŋu awɔ ewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo de pɛpɛpɛ wu eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie wu.

 

B. Lãmesẽ kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nu yeyewo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ

   - Formwork ƒe aɖaŋuwɔlawo kple ewɔlawo ƒe susu le egbɔkpɔnu siwo ana dɔwɔla siwo kpɔa gome le formwork tutu me ƒe lãmesẽ kple dedienɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi la toto vɛ ŋu geɖe wu.

   - Wode dedienɔnɔ ƒe dɔwɔnu siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae, abe dzɔlawo ƒe ʋuƒo siwo wotu ɖe eme, mɔnu siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme, kple mɔ̃ siwo xea mɔ na ame ƒe gege ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖowo me be woaɖe afɔku si le anyidzedze tso kɔkɔƒe me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Woto ergonomic ŋgɔyiyiwo vɛ, abe nusiwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe kple akpa siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le ene, be woaɖe asidɔwɔwɔ ƒe afɔku siwo dona tso formwork ƒoƒo ƒu kple eɖeɖe me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Woto adzɔge ʋĩ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo dzi wokpɔna kple esiwo wowɔna le wo ɖokui si, abe xɔtunu si woate ŋu ali le wo ɖokui si kple robot-ɖoɖowɔnuwo ene, be woatsɔ aɖe dɔwɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le teƒe siwo afɔku le alo esiwo woxe la dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

C. Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nusiwo li tegbee ŋu

   - Formwork dɔwɔƒea de dzesii be ele vevie be woatsɔ gɔmeɖose siwo li tegbee ade formwork ɖoɖowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple wo zazã me.

   - Wozã nusiwo woateŋu azã ake kple esiwo woateŋu azã ake, abe gakpo kple aluminum ene, geɖe wu be woaɖe gbeɖuɖɔ dzi akpɔtɔ eye woaɖe ŋusẽ si xɔtuɖaŋuwo tutu gblẽna le nutome ŋu dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Woto xɔtuɖaŋu siwo nɔa anyi didi wu eye wogazãa wo ake ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si lolo wu vɛ be woatsɔ awɔ dɔ nyuie wu le nunɔamesiwo ŋu eye woaɖe carbon si le xɔtudɔwo me si le ŋutilã me dzi akpɔtɔ.

   - Wodo ati siwo wokpɔna tso teƒe siwo li tegbee kple nusiwo wotsɔ ati wɔe, abe plywood si ŋu Avewo Dzikpɔkpɔ ƒe Aɖaŋudeha (FSC) da asi ɖo ene zazã ɖe ŋgɔ be woado alɔ avewo dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe nuwɔna siwo ŋu agbanɔamedzi le.

   - Formwork designers ku nu yeyewo zazã me, abe concrete si me carbon mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o kple aggregates siwo wogbugbɔ zãna ene, be woatsɔ aɖe nutome ƒe afɔɖoƒe si le concrete xɔtutu me dzi akpɔtɔ.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la gblɔ nu vevi siwo ŋu woabu le xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛwo zazã kple ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le xɔtuɖaŋu mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me ŋu kpuie:

 

Hatsotso	Akpa Veviwo Kple Nusiwo Ŋu Woabu
Gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo	- Ya ƒe agbatsɔtsɔ kple bracing ƒe nudidiwo - Dedienɔnɔ ƒe mɔnu siwo dzi woato age ɖe eme kple kɔklɔ ƒe mɔnuwo
Slab ƒe nɔnɔmewɔwɔ	- Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ na kɔnkrit ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenuwo, xɔtutu ƒe agbawo, kple deflection limits - Shoring kple reshoring ƒe nudidiwo
Tolili ƒe xɔmenuwo	- Modular units na xɔtutu si yia edzi le tsitrenu - Aɖaŋu tɔxɛ, ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple ewɔwɔ
Tunnel ƒe nɔnɔmewo	- Unit siwo le wo ɖokui si na linear structures kple cross-section ɣesiaɣi - Kɔnkrit tsakatsaka ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, eɖoɖo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme, kple eƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu dzi kpɔkpɔ
Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ƒe ŋgɔyiyi	- Modular systems, nusiwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe, kple dijitaal mɔ̃ɖaŋununyawo - Dɔwɔwɔ le teƒea kple kpekpeɣi dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ
Lãmesẽ kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nu yeyewo	- Dedienɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo wowɔ ɖekae kple ergonomic ƒe ŋgɔyiyi - Adzɔge-dziɖuɖu kple ɖoɖo siwo wowɔna le wo ɖokui si
Nusiwo ŋu woabu le nusiwo li tegbee ŋu	- Nusiwo woateŋu azã ake kple esiwo woateŋu azã ake, subɔsubɔ ƒe agbenɔƒe didi - Ati siwo wokpɔna tso teƒe si li tegbee kple nusiwo me carbon mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o

 

Ne xɔtudɔwɔlawo se xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛ siawo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyiwo gɔme hewɔ wo ŋudɔ nyuie la, woate ŋu ana woƒe xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo nawɔ dɔ nyuie wu, woanɔ dedie, eye woanɔ anyi ɖaa, eye mlɔeba la, woawɔ akpa aɖe le xɔtuƒea ƒe dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ bliboa me.

 

VIII. Nyanuwuwuw

 

A. Nya vevi siwo ku ɖe formwork ƒomeviwo, aɖaŋu, xɔtutu ŋu gbugbɔgagblɔ

   - Formwork nye akpa vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit xɔtutu me, si naa ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu kple nɔnɔmewɔwɔ na kɔnkrit yeye vaseɖe esime ŋusẽ nasu esi be wòate ŋu alé eɖokui ɖe te.

   - Formwork ƒomevi vovovowo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ati, gakpo, aluminum, kple plastic, naa viɖe tɔxɛwo eye wosɔ na dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo le nusiwo nye dɔa ƒe lolome, aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe sesẽ, kple anyigba ƒe nuwuwu ƒe nudidiwo ta.

   - Ele be xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ nabu akpa geɖewo ŋu, abe eƒe nyonyome, ganyawo, dedienɔnɔ, xɔtutu ƒe ŋutete, kple agba siwo woatsɔ aɖo xɔtunua dzi ene, be woakpɔ egbɔ be ɖoɖoa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu eye eƒe gazazãwo mesɔ gbɔ o.

   - Formwork tutu ƒe ɖoɖoa lɔ akpa vevi geɖewo ɖe eme, tso xɔtunuwo tutu kple xɔtaxɔwo dede dzi va ɖo kɔnkrit ɖoɖo, ŋkuléle ɖe wo ŋu, kple formwork ɖeɖeɖa dzi, eye wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe bia ɖoɖowɔwɔ nyuie, ewɔwɔ, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ.

   - Formwork ƒe dɔwɔwɔ tɔxɛwo, abe gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo, slab formwork, climbing formwork, kple tunnel forms, bia be woawɔ aɖaŋu kple xɔtutu ƒe mɔnu tɔxɛwo be woakpɔ kuxi tɔxɛwo gbɔ eye woawɔ dɔ nyuie wu.

 

B. Vevienyenye si le xɔtuɖaŋu nyuitɔ ŋu na kɔkrit xɔ siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le nyonyome nyuitɔ kekeake

   - Formwork nyuie le vevie be woakpɔ egbɔ be dɔwɔlawo kple dukɔmeviwo le dedie le xɔtutudɔa katã me kple kɔnkrit xɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe agbenɔƒe.

   - Formwork si wowɔ nyuie eye wowɔe nyuie la ɖea afɔku si le kpododonu, anyidzedze, kple afɔkuwo me dzi kpɔtɔna, si ate ŋu ahe abixɔxɔ, ku, nunɔamesiwo dome gbegblẽ, kple dɔa ƒe megbetsitsi kple gazazã gãwo vɛ.

   - Formwork wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit xɔ si wowu enu ƒe nyonyome si hiã la gbɔ ɖoɖo me, si me eƒe nɔnɔme, eƒe didime, eƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple eƒe gota gome ƒe nuwuwu hã le, si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe eƒe dzedzeme, eƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ dzi tẽ.

   - Formwork systems kple nuwɔna nyuiwo kpena ɖe kɔnkrit xɔtudɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bliboa kple gazazã ƒe nyonyome ŋu, si ɖea dɔwɔlawo, nuwo, kple dɔwɔnuwo ƒe gazazãwo dzi kpɔtɔna esime wole xɔtuɖoɖowo wɔm kabakaba.

   - Ne wotsɔ nusiwo li tegbee ŋu bubu de xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple wo zazã me, abe nusiwo woatsɔ awɔ dɔe ƒe tiatia, wo zazã ake, kple gbeɖuɖɔwo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me la, xɔtudɔwɔƒewo ate ŋu aɖe eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe nutome dzi dzi akpɔtɔ eye woado xɔtuƒe siwo li tegbee wu ɖe ŋgɔ.

 

Le nyataƒoƒo me la, xɔtuɖaŋu nye nu vevi aɖe le kɔnkrit xɔtutu me si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nuto si wotu ƒe dedienɔnɔ, nyonyome, dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, kple eƒe anyinɔnɔ dzi tẽ. Esi xɔtudɔwɔƒewo yi edzi le ŋgɔ yim eye wole kuxi yeyewo me tom la, ele vevie be eŋutinunyalawo nanya nu yeye siwo wowɔ le xɔtuɖaŋu, aɖaŋu, kple mɔnu nyuitɔwo ŋu. To gɔmeɖosewo, wo zazã, kple nu yeye siwo wowɔ le xɔtuɖoɖowo me gɔmesese me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu awɔ nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe siwo ana woƒe dɔwo nawɔ dɔ nyuie wu, asixɔxɔ, kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nyuitɔ kekeake.

 

Tabla si gbɔna la gblɔ nya vevi siwo me míedzro le nyati sia me kpuie:

 

Akpa	Nya Veviwo
Formwork Ƒomeviwo	- Ati, gakpo, aluminum, kple plastik ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe ɖoɖowo - Viɖewo kple wo zazã le ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe me
Formwork ƒe Akpawo Kple Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo	- Nu vevi siwo le eme: sheathing, framing, ka, sekewo, dometsotsowo - Kpekpeɖeŋunuwo na dɔwɔwɔ kple dɔwɔwɔ tɔxɛwo
Formwork Design ƒe Nuŋububuwo	- Dzedzeme, ganyawo, dedienɔnɔ, xɔtutu ŋutete, kple agbawo - Akɔntabubuwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple dzidzenuwo dzi wɔwɔ
Formwork Xɔtuɖoɖo	- Framewo tutu, decks dede, kɔnkrit ɖoɖo, ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu, stripping - Akpa veviwo, nusiwo ŋu woabu, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nudidiwo
Formwork Dɔbiagbalẽvi Tɔxɛwo	- Gli kple sɔti ƒe nɔnɔme, slab formwork, tolili ƒe nɔnɔme, tunnel ƒe nɔnɔme - Aɖaŋuɖoɖo kple xɔtutu ƒe mɔnu tɔxɛwo
Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le Formwork Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me	- Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ƒe ŋgɔyiyi, lãmesẽ kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nu yeyewo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ, nusiwo li tegbee ŋu bubu - Modular systems, digital technologies, nusiwo ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe, dedienɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae

 

To sidzedze sia zazã kple nuwɔwɔ aduadu kple xɔtuɖaŋunyala bibiwo me la, xɔtudɔwɔlawo ate ŋu akpɔ xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe ɖoɖo siwo sesẽ la gbɔ dzidzedzetɔe eye woatsɔ kɔnkrit xɔtunu siwo le dedie, siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo le nyonyome nyuitɔ me, siwo akpɔ hadomegbenɔnɔ kple nutome ƒe nuhiahiã siwo le tɔtrɔm gbɔ la ana.